Polymorphism of Human Organic Cationic Transporter1 (C480G) in Egyptian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients on Imatinib

Background: Human organic cationic transporter1 (Hoct1) is a plasma membrane transporter responsible for the main influx of Imatinib into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene coding for hOCT1 are important factors causing Imatinib resistance. We investigated the frequency of hOCT1 SNP C480G among Egyptian CML patients and its relation to early molecular response as an indicator of treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: Two groups of CML patients were included in this study. Group I consisted of 25 patients responding to Imatinib treatment (Imatinib responsive) and group II consisted of 25 patients resistant to Imatinib (Imatinib resistant). Response criteria were assessed according to the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines 2017. Twenty healthy controls of matched age and sex were also included (group III). For all patients, we studied hOCT1 C480G at initial presentation using Taqman drug metabolism genotyping as well as BCR-ABL percent at diagnosis and after 3 months interval. Results: hOCT1 C480G was present in 32% of studied CML patients. CC (wild) was detected in 68% of group I and 64% of group II. CG (mutant heterozygous) was present in 28% of group I and 36% of group II while GG (mutant homozygous) was detected in only one case in group I. CG was also detected in 15% of control subjects There was no significant difference between hOCT1 C480G polymorphism and Early Molecular Response (χ2 = 0.089, p = 0.765). Conclusions: hOCT1 C480G polymorphism has no association with Imatinib resistance in Egyptian population. However, further studies on a larger number of patients are still needed to confirm this finding.

PGE_(2)通过EP4/PKA信号通路调控滑膜细胞OAT1的表达及CP-25的作用

目的明确前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE_(2))对滑膜细胞有机阴离子转运体1(organic anion transporter 1,OAT1)膜表达的调控机制及芍药苷-6'-O-苯磺酸酯(CP-25)的作用。方法免疫荧光法检测不同浓度CP-25对PGE_(2)处理后滑膜细胞OAT1和前列腺素E受体4(prostaglandin E receptor 4,EP4)表达的影响;使用EP4激动剂(TCS2510)与拮抗剂(GW627368X),探究EP4在OAT1调节中的作用;使用CP-25和蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A,PKA)抑制剂H-89,探究CP-25和PKA对滑膜细胞OAT1表达的影响。结果PGE_(2)在0~10 min内明显下调EP4与OAT1的膜表达,20~60 min后明显上调(P<0.05);CP-25明显上调PGE_(2)处理后细胞膜OAT1和EP4的表达(P<0.05);EP4激动剂TCS2510明显上调细胞膜OAT1的表达(P<0.01);CP-25上调PGE_(2)处理的细胞中OAT1的表达,GW627368X和H-89均能下调PGE_(2)和CP-25处理的滑膜细胞中OAT1的表达(P<0.01)。结论PGE_(2)介导的EP4/PKA信号通路可以调控OAT1在滑膜细胞膜上的表达,CP-25可以通过活化EP4/PKA信号通路明显上调滑膜细胞中OAT1的膜表达。

Effects of Cangfudaotan Tang on Expression of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (oatp2b1) in Liver and Kidney Tissues of Rats with Phlegm Dampness Type Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Objective: To explore the effect of Cangfudaotan Tang on phlegm dampness type of PCOS and the role of oatp2b1 in transportation and transformation of phlegm dampness. Methods: 36 SD female rats were randomly divided into three groups: blank control group, model group and Cangfudaotan Tang group, 12 cases in each one. After PCOS rat models were made, rats of Cangfudaotan Tang group were treated with Cangfudaotan Tang (1.42 g/kg/d) by intragastric administration for 14 days;blank control and model group were given with isodose saline. The expression of oatp2b1 mRNA/Protein in liver and kidney tissues was measured and the level of testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone(LH), Serum total cholesterol (TG), Triacylglycerols (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected at the same time. Results: Compared with blank control group, the expression of oatp2b1 mRNA and the level of TC, TG, LDL, LH, FSH, T in model group were significantly increased (P < 0. 05), while the level of HDL was significantly decreased (P < 0. 05);compared with model group, the expression of oatp2b1 mRNA and the level of TC, TG, LDL in Cangfudaotan Tang group were significantly lowered (P < 0.05);the level of HDL was significantly higher;the oatp2b1 protein in kidney and liver tissues had different degrees of expression, while there was no statistical significance among the three groups. Conclusions: Oatp2b1 might be one of the material bases participating in transportation and transformation of phlegmy dampness. The mechanism of Cangfudaotan Tang treating phlegm dampness type of PCOS may be achieved by regulating the expression of oatp2b1.

Influence of organic anion transporting potypeptide(SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3)genetic polymorphisms on mycophenolic acid in Chinese kidney transplantation patients

Objective To analyze the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of organic anion transporting polypeptide ( SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3) and mycophenolic acid ( MPA) pharmacokinetics in Chinese kidney transplant recipients. Methods Gene mutations ( SLCO1B3 T334G,SLCO1B1 A338G) were detected in 68 recipi-

技术站单组列车编组计划0-1规划模型研究

针对目前铁路技术站单组列车编组计划选优问题较为复杂的实际,采用应用数学的智慧型研究方法,构建技术站单组列车编组计划优化的线性0-1规划模型,以建立在技术站分布呈现网络状条件下,考虑技术站单组列车编组计划同一支车流不拆散原则和车流接续归并原则,及车站改编能力限额约束为主要研究内容。线性0-1规划模型求解复杂度相对于非线性模型有较大幅度降低,可在一定条件下解决铁路技术站单组列车编组计划选优问题,为技术站分组列车编组计划方案选优的可持续研究提供一定理论支持。

Expression and function of renal and hepatic organic anion transporters in extrahepatic cholestasis

Obstructive jaundice occurs in patients suffering from cholelithiasis and from neoplasms affecting the pancreas and the common bile duct.The absorption,distribution and elimination of drugs are impaired during this pathology.Prolonged cholestasis may alter both liver and kidney function.Lactam antibiotics,diuretics,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,several antiviral drugs as well as endogenous compounds are classified as organic anions.The hepatic and renal organic anion transport pathways play a key role in the pharmacokinetics of these compounds.It has been demonstrated that acute extrahepatic cholestasis is associated with increased renal elimination of organic anions.The present work describes the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the expression and function of the renal and hepatic organic anion transporters in extrahepatic cholestasis,such as multidrug resistanceassociated protein 2,organic anion transporting polypeptide 1,organic anion transporter 3,bilitranslocase,bromosulfophthalein/bilirubin binding protein,organic anion transporter 1 and sodium dependent bile salt transporter.The modulation in the expression of renal organic anion transporters constitutes a compensatory mechanism to overcome the hepatic dysfunction in the elimination of organic anions.

茯苓水提物对高尿酸血症大鼠rURAT1 rOAT1和rOCT2表达的影响

目的考察茯苓水提物对高尿酸血症大鼠肾脏组织中尿酸转运体1(rURAT1)、有机阴离子转运体1(rOAT1)和有机阳离子转运体2(rOCT2)表达的影响,探讨茯苓降低血尿酸水平的机制。方法将右侧肾脏摘除的48只大鼠随机分为6组:手术对照组、模型组、别嘌呤醇阳性对照组,茯苓水提物高、中、低剂量组。药物干预28d,实验期间定期检测血尿酸和血清肌酐水平,采用免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠肾脏组织中rURAT1、rOAT1和rOCT2的表达。结果茯苓水提物高、中、低剂量组的血尿酸水平均较模型组大鼠明显降低;肾脏组织中rOAT1和rOCT2的表达均较模型组大鼠明显升高,而其rURAT较模型组大鼠显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论茯苓水提物通过调节肾脏组织中rURAT1、rOAT1和rOCT2的表达,从而发挥促进高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸的排泄作用。

糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏MATE1和OCT2表达及体内二甲双胍排泄变化研究

目的:研究糖尿病肾病状态下大鼠体内二甲双胍排泄的变化和肾脏中多药及毒性化合物外排转运体1(MATE1)和有机阳离子转运体2(OCT2)表达的变化,并探讨两者之间的关系。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(n=12)和造模组(n=12),链脲佐菌素腹腔注射诱导大鼠糖尿病肾病模型;大鼠尾静脉注射二甲双胍(10 mg/kg),考察其在大鼠体内的药物代谢动力学参数,膀胱插管实验考察大鼠体内各时间段的累积尿药排泄分数及肾清除率,测定大鼠肝脏和肾脏药物浓度;RT-qPCR和Western blot检测大鼠肾脏组织MATE1和OCT2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组相比,糖尿病肾病大鼠体内的二甲双胍血浆暴露量显著降低(P<0.01),二甲双胍清除率显著升高(P<0.01),二甲双胍在大鼠体内的稳态表观分布容积显著降低(P<0.01),平均滞留时间显著降低(P<0.01),半衰期显著缩短(P<0.05);糖尿病肾病大鼠2 h内二甲双胍的累积尿药排泄分数显著升高(P<0.05),肾清除率显著升高(P<0.01);糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏中二甲双胍的药物浓度显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏中药物浓度无显著性差异;糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏MATE1的mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),OCT2的mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05),MATE1的蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01),OCT2的蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:糖尿病肾病状态下大鼠肾脏MATE1表达升高,而OCT2表达下降;糖尿病肾病大鼠二甲双胍肾脏排泄的加快,可能主要与肾脏MATE1转运体表达升高相关。

Oatp1和Oct1在大鼠下颌骨来源成骨细胞中的表达

目的:通过检测大鼠下颌骨成骨细胞中Oatp1和Oct1蛋白的表达,观察其在成骨细胞中的分布,探讨Oatp1和Oct1在成骨细胞跨膜转运中的作用及意义。方法:分离培养大鼠下颌骨成骨细胞并鉴定,应用免疫细胞化学及Western-Blot的方法检测大鼠下颌骨来源成骨细胞中Oatp1和Oct1蛋白的表达。结果:组织块法可成功培养大鼠下颌骨成骨细胞,Oatp1和Oct1在成骨细胞中有广泛表达,且主要分布在胞膜和胞质中。结论:大鼠下颌骨来源的成骨细胞可广泛表达Oatp1和Oct1,为研究药物在成骨细胞中的跨膜转运提供了基础。

基于高尿酸血症小鼠OCT1表达的萆薢渗湿汤降尿酸机制研究

目的:探讨萆薢渗湿汤对高尿酸血症小鼠的影响及机制。方法:昆明小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和中药低、高剂量组,检测各组小鼠血清尿酸水平和肾、小肠和大肠各组织中OCT1表达水平。结果:与模型组比较,中药低、高剂量组小鼠血清尿酸水平明显降低,小鼠肾、小肠和大肠各组织OCT1表达量明显升高。结论:萆薢渗湿汤能明显降低小鼠血清尿酸水平,其机制可能是上调小鼠肾、小肠和大肠组织OCT1表达水平。

Intestinal OCTN2-and MCT1-targeted drug delivery to improve oral bioavailability

Various drug transporters are widely expressed throughout the intestine and play important roles in absorbing nutrients and drugs,thus providing high quality targets for the design of prodrugs or nanoparticles to facilitate oral drug delivery.In particular,intestinal carnitine/organic cation transporter 2(OCTN2)and mono-carboxylate transporter protein 1(MCT1)possess high transport capacities and complementary distributions.Therefore,we outline recent developments in transporter-targeted oral drug delivery with regard to the OCTN2 and MCT1 proteins in this review.First,basic information of the two transporters is reviewed,including their topological structures,characteristics and functions,expression and key features of their substrates.Furthermore,progress in transporter-targeting prodrugs and nanoparticles to increase oral drug delivery is discussed,including improvements in the oral absorption of anti-inflammatory drugs,antiepileptic drugs and anticancer drugs.Finally,the potential of a dual transporter-targeting strategy is discussed.

Alkali metal cation doping of metal-organic framework for enhancing carbon dioxide adsorption capacity

Metal-organic frameworks （MOFs） have attracted much attention as adsorbents for the separation of CO2 from flue gas or natural gas. Here, a typical metal-organic framework HKUST-I（also named Cu-BTC or MOF-199） was chemically reduced by doping it with alkali metals （Li, Na and K） and they were further used to investigate their CO2 adsorption capacities. The structural information, surface chemistry and thermal behavior of the prepared adsorbent samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, thermo-gravimetric analysis （TGA） and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis. The results showed that the CO2 storage capacity of HKUST-1 doped with moderate quantities of Li＋, Na＋ and K＋, individually, was greater than that of unmodified HKUST-1. The highest CO2 adsorption uptake of 8.64 mmol/g was obtained with 1K-HKUST-1, and it was ca. 11% increase in adsorption capacity at 298 K and 18 bar as compared with HKUST- 1. Moreover, adsorption tests showed that HKUST-1 and 1K-HKUST-1 displayed much higher adsorption capacities of CO2 than those of N2. Finally, the adsorption/desorption cycle experiment revealed that the adsorption performance of 1K-HKUST-1 was fairly stable, without obvious deterioration in the adsorption capacity of CO2 after 10 cycles.

The influence of OCT1 gene polymorphisms on the metformin response in Uygur patients with glucose metabolism disorder

Objective To determine the effects of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1(OCT1)on the short-term responses of the antidiabetic drug,metformin.Method A total of 22 patients recruited with type 2 diabetes or IFG were treated with metformin(2 000 mg/day)for 1 week.The patients were screened from Second Jikun hospital and Kashidonglu community medicine service,Urumqi,China and their surrounding districts.To examine the effects of metformin on plasma glucose,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride in relation with R61C,G465R and 420 del variants of OCT1(gene encoding organic cation transporter 1,mainly locating in liver,which is metformin's major target)in subjects.In all,R61C,G465R and 420del of OCT1 gene were examined using DNA extracted from whole blood and PCR-RFLP.Data concerning with gene and metformin treatment were handled by t-test.Result After metformin treatment,there were increases both in FPG and LDL(P=0.011and P=0.013 respectively).To divide all participants into mutant and wild groups,according to the polymorphisms of R61C,G465R and 420 del respectively,as well as carriers with one of the mutant genotypes at least and carriers with none of the mutant sites.Analysis was made to compared FPG,Chol,TG,and LDL and HDL between carriers of wild genotypes and carriers of other genotypes showed no statistic significance both before the metformin treatment and after the treatment.The same is the case with changes of FPG,Chol,TG,and LDL and HDL of wild genotype carriers and variant genotype carriers,except of LDL changes(P=0.05)in patients grouped by G465R polymorphisms and TG changes(P=0.03)in subjects differed by 420del genotypes.Conclusion In this study,it is suggested that OCT1 gene polymorphisms have little contribution to the clinical efficacy of blood glucose control by metformin among Uygur people with type 2 diabetes or IFG,but it may have possible relationship with the clinical efficacy on fat metabolism by metformin.

Evaluating the regulation of transporter proteins and P-glycoprotein in rats with cholestasis and its implication for digoxin clearance

BACKGROUND Cardiac and hepatic functionality are intertwined in a multifaceted relationship.Pathologic processes involving one may affect the other through a variety of mechanisms,including hemodynamic and membrane transport effects.AIM To better understand the effect of extrahepatic cholestasis on regulations of membrane transporters involving digoxin and its implication for digoxin clearance.METHODS Twelve adult rats were included in this study;baseline hepatic and renal laboratory values and digoxin pharmacokinetic(PK)studies were established before evenly dividing them into two groups to undergo bile duct ligation(BDL)or a sham procedure.After 7 d repeat digoxin PK studies were completed and tissue samples were taken to determine the expressions of cell membrane transport proteins by quantitative western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction.Data were analyzed using SigmaStat 3.5.Means between pre-surgery and post-surgery in the same experimental group were compared by paired t-test,while independent t-test was employed to compare the means between sham and BDL groups.RESULTS Digoxin clearance was decreased and liver function,but not renal function,was impaired in BDL rats.BDL resulted in significant up-regulation of multidrug resistance 1 expression in the liver and kidney and its down-regulation in the small intestine.Organic anion transporting polypeptides(OATP)1A4 was up-regulated in the liver but down-regulated in intestine after BDL.OATP4C1 expression was markedly increased in the kidney following BDL.CONCLUSION The results suggest that cell membrane transporters of digoxin are regulated during extrahepatic cholestasis.These regulations are favorable for increasing digoxin excretion in the kidney and decreasing its absorption from the intestine to compensate for reduced digoxin clearance due to cholestasis.

SLCO1B1基因521 T>C多态性与他汀类药物对中国人群降脂疗效关系的系统评价

目的：探讨SLCO1B1基因521 T〉C多态性与他汀类药物对中国人群降脂疗效的关系。方法：计算机检索Pub Med、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrance Library、CNKI、Wan Fang Data、VIP。检索时间均从建库至2014年6月12日。采用非随机试验性研究的质量评价表进行质量评价。统计分析通过Rev Man 5.2和Stata 12.0软件实现。结果：共纳入5个研究,812名研究对象。SLCO1B1基因521 T〉C多态性与他汀降低中国人群血脂疗效相关性无统计学意义：显性遗传模型TC＋CC vs.TT（MD=-0.38,95%CI=-1.91~1.14,P=0.62）、隐性遗传模型CC vs.TT＋TC（MD=0.09,95%CI=-1.77~1.96,P=0.92）、加性遗传模型CC vs.TT（MD=-0.03,95%CI=-2.34~2.28,P=0.98）和TC vs.TT（MD=0.00,95%CI=-1.95~1.95,P=1.00）。结论：基于本文结果,尚不能认为SLCO1B1基因521 T〉C多态性与他汀对中国人群降脂疗效有关联。期待今后针对中国人群开展更大样本、高质量的研究。

桑树TIR1基因的克隆及在组织器官和扦插生根过程的表达分析

植物的转运抑制应答因子1(TIR1)作为生长素的受体,在生长素信号的感知与转导过程中发挥重要作用。从鲁桑(Morus multicaulis)品种育71-1插穗基部的皮部克隆到一个桑树TIR1基因,命名为MaTIR1(GenBank登录号:KJ787017)。该基因ORF全长1 758 bp,编码585个氨基酸,蛋白质分子质量65.438 7 kD,等电点6.31,含有F-Box结构域和LRR结构域,不含信号肽和跨膜区。荧光实时定量PCR检测MaTIR1在桑树的果、雌花、叶、芽、茎、根中均有表达,在叶中的表达量最高,在根部的表达量次之,在雌花的表达量最低,推测该基因在各组织器官的表达水平可能与各组织器官行使的生物学功能有关;在桑树硬枝与绿枝的扦插生根过程中,MaTIR1在不定根原基形成期与不定根伸长期的表达量明显上调,提示该基因可能参与了不定根的形成。

DMT1在APP/PS1转基因小鼠大脑皮层老年斑内的定位研究

目的研究二价金属离子转运体1(divalent metal transporter 1,DMT1)在APP/PS1转基因小鼠大脑皮层内的定位分布,探讨DMT1异常表达影响脑铁代谢平衡从而参与AD发病的可能机制。方法应用免疫组织化学方法观察DMT1在9月龄APPsw/PS1小鼠大脑皮层的阳性分布;应用免疫荧光双标技术和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察DMT1蛋白和β淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid peptide,Aβ)在APP/PS1转基因小鼠大脑皮层老年斑内的一致性分布和位置关系。结果APP/PS1转基因小鼠大脑皮层老年斑内均有DMT1阳性表达;DMT1和Aβ免疫双标发现DMT1免疫阳性产物与Aβ共存于老年斑,二者分布具有一致性。结论DMT1在APP/PS1转基因小鼠大脑皮层老年斑内大量表达,其分布与Aβ具有一致性,提示DMT1可能参与AD脑内Aβ沉积和老年斑形成。

合肥轨道交通1号线开通初期运输组织方案研究

随着合肥轨道交通1号线试运营期限的临近,根据线路特点、沿线客流预测及特征,对其开通初期运输组织方案进行初步研究,为合肥轨道交通1号线试运营及正式运营提供一定的依据.

基于合肥地铁1号线运营初期交路方案比选研究

随着合肥轨道交通1号线试运营期限的临近,根据其线路特点、沿线客流预测及客流特征分析结果,对其运营初期列车交路方案及列车的周转时间进行研究,为1号线运营初期运输组织方案的制定提供科学的理论依据。

猫须草水提物对痛风性肾病大鼠肾脏URAT1、OAT1及病理的影响

目的探讨猫须草水提物对痛风性肾病大鼠肾脏尿酸盐转运体1(URAT1),有机阴离子转运蛋白1(OAT1)及病理的影响。方法采用酵母粉+腺嘌呤法建立大鼠痛风性肾病模型,测定其血尿酸、血肌酐、血尿素氮、尿尿酸、尿肌酐、24 h尿液排泄量及尿酸分级排泄率,光镜下观察肾组织病理变化,免疫组化法检测肾组织URAT1、OAT1蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,猫须草水提物高、中剂量组大鼠血尿酸、血肌酐、血尿素氮水平及URAT1蛋白表达降低,而尿尿酸、尿肌酐水平,尿酸分级排泄率,OAT1蛋白表达升高;高、中、低剂量组大鼠24 h尿液排泄量升高程度无明显变化。结论猫须草水提物可能通过上调OAT1蛋白表达促进尿酸排泄、下调URAT1蛋白表达抑制尿酸重吸收的双重调节功能来促进尿酸在肾脏中的排泄,并减轻尿酸对肾脏的病理损伤。