Improved Production of Paclitaxel from Suspension Culture of Taxus chinensis var. mairei by in situ Extraction with Organic Solvents

The production of paclitaxel from suspension culture of Taxus chinensis var,mairei was improved by in situ extraction with organic solvents to avoid feedback repression and product degradation.Oleic acid and dibutyl phthalate were proved to be suitable solvents .The optimal volumetric percentage of organic solvents in the culture medium was found to be around 8%,and the favorable time for their introduction was at the exponential phase of cell growth,Paclitaxel production with the in situ extraction was ca 3-fold of that without extraction.

The Ultrastructural Changes of Adult Porcine Thyroid Glands Following TSH Stimulation in Organ Culture

A culture technique had been developed by which the normal mor-phological integrity of the porcine thyroid tissue was well preserved. Few ultra-strvctural changes following TSE stimulation could be detected compared withthe control group. Parafollicular cells were detected after being cultured for 96h in the presence of TSH. For the first time, we used scanning electron micro-scope to study the ultrastructural changes of organ cultured thyroid gland.

Managing the Value of the Organization Based on Organizational Culture

Managing the value of the organization is taking place based on factors forming it. It is becoming possible thanks to such managing operations of the organization, when in the end an image in accordance with expectations, giving the state back to the value of organizations is being got. Creating the goodwill is based among others on immaterial factors, which although they are becoming impossible to include in balance, are taken hold in time value of the organization. Creation of the value of an organization may be based on the organizational culture. The article presents the essence of value management and organization characterized the factors affecting the formation of organizational culture, ways of dealing with an organization aimed at consolidating and strengthening the organizational culture. Sometimes organizations feel the need to change the culture in order to achieve increased efficiency and ensure the success of the company to implement the necessary changes. Therefore, the rest of this article presents the elements to ensure a smooth implementation and consolidation of cultural change.

An Exploration of Organizational Development in the Process of Innovation and Transformation of Pharmaceutical Enterprises-Taking X Pharmaceutical Enterprise as an Example

Objective To study how to promote the smooth innovation and transformation of enterprises and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises from the perspective of human resources organization development.In the wave of pharmaceutical industry reform,some entrepreneurs realize the importance of innovation and technology in the future.However,domestic pharmaceutical enterprises are still in the production-oriented stage.In the process of transformative innovation,pharmaceutical enterprises should not only rely on the support of scientific and technological and economic forces,but also need a suitable organizational change and many excellent talents as the source of development.Methods Through retrieving relevant literature and combined with the organizational development practice of X pharmaceutical enterprise,the organizational development model was explored in this paper.Results and Conclusion By forming a system of strategy,organization,talent,culture and mechanism,and building an organizational development model,we can improve the organizational atmosphere and organizational efficiency in the process of enterprise innovation and transformation,so as to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in the market.

Evolutionary Model to Traditional Culture and Program Organization

To study the relationship between the evolutions of Chinese Traditional Culture （CTC） and program organization, an outline of the CTC is generalized by reviewing literature, and which is also compartmentalized into two aspects according to economic philosophy views： traditional philosophy aspect and value judgment. Based on three dimensions, which are the philosophy aspect （P）, program organization model （P）, and value judgment from economic philosophy views （ V）, and this evolution sequence, the CTC＇s influence on the program organization model in the evolution is discussed; then the cultural spatial evolution model for program organization based on the three dimensions （PPV） is constructed. From analyzing the plane matrix of P-P and empirical investigating on the organizational model of construction enterprises, it is found that the ancient Chinese government organizational model still has prevailing influence on the modern program organizational model in China.

Transformation of organic N newly added to red soil treated with different cultural practices

ＴｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃＮｎｅｗｌｙａｄｄｅｄｔｏｒｅｄｓｏｉｌｔｒｅａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｓＺｈａｎｇＱｉｎＺｈｅｎｇ，ＹｅＱｉｎｇＦｕ，ＸｉＨａｉＦｕａｎｄＷｕＧａｎｇ（Ｉｎ...

Chinese Scientists Working on Diseases of Cultured Organisms in Seawater

Considerable research efforts are being made in China to understand the pathogeny of major marine cultured organisms and their resistance to diseases, which has been listed in the national development program for major basic research projects. The program, also called "973," is in effect a national plan focused on the leading basic

Cultural tourism and art and cultural organizations

Cultural tourism activities includes a diversity of tourism activities.Art and cultural organizations are the agents of developing cultural tourism.They will have to go through changes to undertake their dual responsibilities to preserve heritage and advance creativity in the process of cultural development.

Effects of Land Management Practices on Labile Organic Carbon Fractions in Rice Cultivation

A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the 15th year after its establishment to assess the effects of different management practices on labile organic carbon fractions (LOCFs), such as easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a typical paddy soil, Chongqing, Southwest China. The results indicated that LOCFs were significantly influenced by the combination of no-tillage, ridge culture and crop rotation. And, different combination patterns showed different effectiveness on soil LOCFs. The effects of no-tillage, ridge culture and wheat cultivation on EOC, DOC, POC and MBC mainly happened at 0-10cm. At this depth, soil under CTW had higher EOC, DOC, POC and MBC contents, compared to TTF, TTW and CTF, respectively. Moreover, the contents of LOCFs for different practices generally decreased when the soil depth increased. Our findings suggest that the paddy soil in Southwest China could be managed to concentrate greater quantities of EOC, DOC, POC and MBC.

Effect of Zinc on Bone Metabolism in Fetal Mouse Limb Culture

Objective To determine the effects of zine-deficiency and zine-excess on hone metabolism. Methods We developed the culture model of fetal mouse limbs (16th day) cultivated in self-made rotator with continuing flow of mixed gas for six days in vitro. The cultured limbs were examined by the techniques of 45Ca tracer and X-roentgenography. Results The right limbs cultivated had longer bone length, higher bone density than the left limbs uncultivated from the same embryo; and histologically, the right limbs had active bone cell differentiation, proliferation, increased bone trabecula. clearly calcified cartilage matrix, and osteogenic tissue. Compared with the control group, the zinc-deficient group and zine-excess (Zn2+ l20) μmol/L) group contained less osteocalcin (BGP) and 45Ca content, and lower AKP activity; whereas zine-normal (Zn2+ 45 μmol/L and Zn2+ 70 μmol/L) groups contained more BGP and 45Ca contents, and higher AKP (alkaline phosphatase) activity. Conclusion Both zine-deficiency and zine-excess can alter bone growth and normal metabolism. The results indicate that the culture model of fetal mouse limbs (16th day) in vitro can be used as a research model of bone growth and development.

Studies on Biological Characteristics of Ginkgo Hairy Root Culture

The comparative studies on properties of growth and cultivated conditions of seven transformed ginkgo hairy root clones were reported. Different clones display various phenotypes characterized by growth rate.The results show that the suitable inoculum is benefical to the growth of ginkgo hairy root.NH + 4/NO - 3, pH ,sucrose, and inositol have important effects on the growth of ginkgo hairy root.

Feasibility Study on Soilless Cultivation of Organic Ginseng

Based on the present situation and problems concerning ginseng cultivation as well as soilless cultivation features,we analyze the growth indicators and input-output ratio of different ginseng cultivation patterns,and conform that the soilless cultivation technology for organic ginseng is feasible. And this technology provides theoretical basis and technological feasibility for the sustainable development of ginseng industry.

Organic Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>Rosc.) Development in a Short Temperate Growing Season: Effect of Seedling Transplant Type and Mycorrhiza Application

Global warming and consumer demand for medicinal plants present an opportunity to introduce ginger growth to the US Delmarva Peninsula. High tunnel and field studies were conducted to assess the development of organic ginger (Zingiber officinalis, Rosc) seedling transplants in mycorrhiza-amended soil. Transplant types were tissue culture derived with less than three tillers (TCS1), three or more tillers (TCS2), and nontissue culture derived (NTCS1). Transplants were grown with or without mycorrhiza (2.8 g per plant) in a split plot design with soil amendments as main plot and transplant type as subplot. Data were collected for air temperatures, plant height, tiller number, leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), rhizome fresh weight, plant biomass, rhizome nutrients, and levels of As and Pb. TCS2 transplants produced significantly higher, or trended to higher rhizome yield than transplants with less than three tillers, except for year two field study. The maximum rhizome fresh weight per plant was 648.3 g for TCS2 in high tunnel in year one. Generally, TCS2 had most tillers throughout the growing season ranging from 6.9 to 25.7 tillers per plant over three studies. Mycorrhiza had no effect on ginger height, tiller number, LCI or rhizome yield. Sustained high temperatures above 37°C, plus high light in the field caused dieback and stunted shoot growth in year two. There were no consistent effects of mycorrhiza or transplant type on rhizome nutrient content. Content of total Pb, As and other elements were at safe threshold levels for rhizome consumption. These results suggest that gingers grown from TCS2 transplants with at least three tillers yielded more rhizome than those grown from S1 transplants with fewer tillers. Introduction of ginger to a short season region such as the Delmarva may require consideration of environmental condition such as high temperature and light to which seedling transplants may be exposed in summer.

Health care staffs’ perception of patient safety culture in hospital settings and factors of importance for this

Many hospital patients are affected by adverse events. Managers are important when improving safety. The perception of patient safety culture varies among health care staff. Health care staff (n = 1023) working in medical, surgical or mixed medical-surgical health care divisions answered the 51 items (14 dimensions) Swedish Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (S-HSOPSC). Respondents with a managerial function scored higher than non-managers for 11 of 14 dimensions, indicating patient safety culture strengths for a majority of dimensions. Enrolled nurses and staff with experience > 10 years also scored high for several dimensions. The 12 dimensions and sample characteristics explained 49% and 26% of the variance for the outcome dimensions Overall Perceptions of Safety and Frequency of Incident Reporting, respectively. RNs, ENs and physicians have different views on patient safety culture. Hospital Management Support and Organisational Learning is some important factors influencing patient safety culture. Bridging the gap in health care staff’s perceptions of safety in order to improve patient safety is of utmost importance. Managers have the responsibility to foster patient safety culture at their workplace and can thus benefit from results when improving safety for patients.

Comparing results of cultured and uncultured biological methods used in biological phosphorus removal

Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms （PAOs） for their important role in biological phosphorus removal. In this study, microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources （sewage, glucose, and sodium acetate） were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods, respectively. The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor （1#） was much higher than in a glucose-fed one （2#） and a sodium acetate-fed one （3#）; there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources. Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphaterich medium; they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all. Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability. When the microbial diversity was studied, the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one. When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated, culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs.

In vitro propagation of the endangered medicinal orchid,Dendrobium lasianthera J.J.Sm through mature seed culture

Objective:To study asymbiotic seed germination and mass propagation of Dendrobium lasianthera which is one of the endangered medicinal orchids using seeds.Methods:The 14 weeks old hand pollinated seeds were sown on Vacin and Went(VW)solid medium supplemented with various concentrations of peptone(1,2,3 g/L) and without peptone which was used as control treatment.At the 4,8,and 12 weeks after the seeds were sown,seed germination and shoot formation were investigated.To evaluate the role of organic nutrient additives on subsequent shoot development and root formation,particular shoots with about 1 cm length contains 1–2 leaves obtained from the seeds germination was cultured on VW medium additives with different of organic nutrient:15% coconut water,2 g/L peptone,150 g/L banana homogenate,and without organic nutrient was used as control.After 16 weeks of culture,the plantlet height,number of leaves,number of roots,leaf length and root length were recorded.Results:The supplementation of 2 g/L peptone in VW medium was proven to be suitable concentration for seed germination(100%) and shoot formation with 84.0% the protocorm development to phase 5(shoot).VW medium containing 15% coconut water was effectively improved the shoot development,with well developed roots and leaves compared to the other treatment and 95% of acclimatized plantlets survived.Conclusions:This protocol is an efficient way for the in vitro mass propagation of this Dendrobium lasianthera.

The Function of Roots of Tea Plant (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) Cultured by a Novel Form of Hydroponics and Soil Acidification

A novel form of hydroponic culture was employed to explore the physiological function of roots of a tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The pH of the nutrient solution with an actively growing tea plant decreased during cultivation. Furthermore, no oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid or citric acid, all possible factors in acidification, was detected in the nutrient solution of a growing plant. A proton pump inhibitor suppressed the acidification of the solution. Soil acidification might have been accelerated with a proton released from ammoniacal nitrogen preferentially for the growth, suggesting the specific mechanism of tea plant as a functional food.

Impacts of long-term ridge culture on aggregate stability in purple paddy soil of Sichuan basin

Ridge culture is a special conservation tillage method, but the long-term influence of this tillage system on soil aggregate-size stability in paddy fields is largely unknown in southwest of China. The paper is to evaluate soil aggregate stability and to determine the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil aggregate stability. Soil samples at 0 cm-20 cm layer were adopted from a long-term (16 a) field experiment including conventional tillage: plain culture, summer rice crop and winter upland crop under drained conditions (PUR-r); and conservation tillage: ridge culture without tillage, summer rice and winter fallow with floodwater layer annually (NTR-f), winter upland crop under drained conditions (NTR-r), and wide ridge culture without tillage, summer rice crop and winter upland crop under conditions (NTRw-r), respectively. Different pretreatments, such as slaking in fast wetting, wetting and subsequent slaking, were applied to simulate the breakdown mechanisms of aggregates in paddy soil. The results show that soil particles contents were mainly consisted of silt (0.050 mm to 1.000 mm) in fraction of 42.9% to 51.2%, sand (0.050 mm to 0.001 mm) in fraction of 28.0% to 31.8%, and clay (<0.001 mm) in fraction of 17.9% to 25.4%. The amount of aggregate-size was greatly observed in fraction of 2.000 mm-6.720 mm under ridge culture in paddy soil (more than 50$) under slaking and wetting pretreatment. The proportion of soil macro-aggregates (>0.250 mm) in conservation tillage was greatly higher than that in conventional tillage under subsequent fast slaking treatment. Minimal differences of aggregate stability between slaking in fast wetting and wetting were observed, while significant differences were found between ridge culture and plain culture. The aggregate stability under slaking treatment ranked in the order of NTR-r>NTRw-r> NTR-f > PUR-r, while under wetting was NTRw-r > NTR-r > NTR-f >PUR-r. There was a positive correlation between the aggregate stability and SOC concentration under wetting, and a low correlation was observed under slaking pretreatment. Soil exposure with tillage and lack of rice/rape-seed stubble inputs caused declines in aggregation and organic carbon, both of which make soil susceptible to water erosion. Adoption of ridge culture with no-tillage integrated with crop rotation and stubble mulch significantly altered soil organic concentration. It was a valuable conservation practice for soil aggregation and soil organic carbon sequestration on paddy soil.

Cultural Influence,Organizational Climate,Ability of Information Technology to Motivation and Satisfaction Employees of Bankaltim

This research copes to study the relationship between cultural variables of organization,organizational climate,ability of information technology,motivation work to satisfaction of bank employees’performance and activity of BPD in East Kalimantan.This research addressed to analyze the cultural variable of organization,the ability of information technology,motivation and satisfaction.This research of the survey is done by using the approach of pad cross sectional study of 13 sub-provinces and town bank of BPD in East Kalimantan.Technique intake of the sample depends on random proportional sampling.Measurement is conducted with structural equation modeling(SEM)pass courses of AMOS 5 and 150 samples taken by bank employees of BPD in East Kalimantan.Result of examination with technique of SEM,indicated that the model has developed degree of axle.According to research data at moderating storey,result of evaluation of goodness of fit indices indicates result of the moderating to the overalls of constructs in the model.Partially developed constructs evaluate good fit of goodness.In general,all the exogenous variables(cultural of organization,the ability of information technology,and organizational climate)have significant effect on motivation and satisfaction of bank activity of BPD in East Kalimantan.Some hypotheses raised in this research can be accepted.Organizational culture has a significant effect on motivation work employees and satisfaction of activity,and ability of information technology has a significant effect on motivation and satisfaction of activity,while organizational climate does not.