Biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm

A group function relation curve between flux(J) and bulk phase concentration of substrate(S) was set up. The biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm is studied(the treatment technology is coagulation/sedimentation-anoxic/aerobic biofilm process), and the results showed that the concentration of non-degradation pollutants in effluent is 77 mg/L. In aerobic zone, the half-rate constant is 72.84 mg/L, the maximum removal rate of organic compounds at unit area filler is very low, 0.089 g/(m 2·d), which corresponds to the fact that there are some biorefractory compounds in the wastewater.

Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fiber Cloth and Electrothermal Desorption of Volatile Organic Compound(VOCs):A Specific Review

A general research program, focusing on activated carbon fiber cloths （ACFC） and felt for environmental protection was performed. The objectives were multiple： （i） a better understanding of the adsorption mecha- nisms of these kinds of materials; （ii） the specification and optimization of new processes using these adsorbents; （iii） the modeling of the adsorption of organic pollutants using both the usual and original approaches; （iv） applications of ACFC in industrial processes. The general question was： how can activated carbon fiber cloths and felts be used in air treatment processes for the protection of environment. In order to provide an answer, different approaches were adopted. The materials （ACFC） were characterized in terms of macro structure and internal porosity. Specific studies were performed to get the air flow pattern through the fabrics. Head loss data were generated and modeled as a fi.mction of air velocity. The performances of ACF to remove volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were approached with the adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves in various operating conditions. Regenera- tion by Joule effect shows a homogenous heating of adsorber modules with rolled or pleated layers. Examples of industrial developments were presented showing an interesting technology for the removal of VOCs, such as dichloromethane, benzene, isopropyl alcohol and toluene, alone or in a complex mixture.

Organic Electrochemical Transistor based on Polypyrrole/ Crosslinked Chitosan/Nylon Fibers

Glutaraldehyde(GA)crosslinked chitosan(CHIT)was modified on nylon fibers.Afterwards,pyrrole was in-situ polymerized on the surface of the CHIT/Nylon fiber.The SEM and FT-IR results show that the functional fiber is successfully prepared,and the obtained polypyrrole(PPy)presents nanorods morphology on the fiber surface.The mechanical properties of the fibers were studied by Instron.The organic electrochemical transistors based on PPy/Nylon fiber,PPy/CHIT/Nylon fiber,and PPy/GA-CHIT/Nylon fiber as channels were prepared and their transistors performance was compared.It is found that PPy/GA-CHIT/Nylon fiber-based transistor has great output,transfer,transient curves,and excellent transconductance of 6.8 mS,providing a new platform for the field of wearable devices.Furthermore,the study introduces chitosan material with excellent biocompatibility,which makes prepared transistors also have potential applications in the field of biosensing.

Structures and magnetic properties of nanocomposite CoFe_2O_4-BaTiO_3 fibers by organic gel-thermal decomposition process

The nanocomposite xCoFe2O4-(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,molar fraction) fibers with fine diameters and high aspect ratios(length to diameter ratios) were prepared by the organic gel-thermal decomposition process from citric acid and metal salts.The structures and morphologies of gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal decomposition of the gel precursors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy.The magnetic properties of the nanocomposite fibers were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer.The nanocomposite fibers consisting of ferrite(CoFe2O4) and perovskite(BaTiO3) are formed at the calcination temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 h.The average grain sizes of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 in the nanocomposite fibers increase from 25 to 65 nm with the calcination temperature from 900 to 1 180 ℃.The single fiber constructed from these nanograins of CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 has a necklace-like morphology.The saturation magnetization of the nanocomposite 0.4CoFe2O4-0.6BaTiO3 fibers increases with the increase of CoFe2O4 grain size,while the coercivity reaches a maximum value when the average grain size of CoFe2O4 is around the critical single-domain size of 45 nm obtained at 1 000 ℃.The saturation magnetization and remanence of the nanocomposite xCoFe2O4-(1-x)BaTiO3(x=0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) fibers almost exhibit a linear relationship with the molar fraction of CoFe2O4 in the nanocomposites.

Preparation of ferromagnetic metal fine fibers by organic gel-thermal reduction process

The organic gel-thermal reduction process was used for the preparation of ferromagnetic metal Ni, Co and Fe fine fibers from the raw materials of citric acid, lactic acid and metal salts. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of these gel precursors were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that spinnability of gel largely depends on molecular structure of metal-carboxylate complex that is a linear-type structure formed in the gel. As a result, the gels exhibit a good spinnability. Metal Ni, Co and Fe fine fibers are featured with diameters of around 1 μm and a high aspect ratio up to 1×106.

Preparation of ferromagnetic binary alloy fine fibers by organic gel-thermal reduction process

Ferromagnetic metal fibers with a high aspect ratio (length/diameter) are attractive for use as high performance electromagnetic interference shielding materials. Ferromagnetic binary alloy fine fibers of iron-nickel, iron-cobalt and cobalt-nickel were prepared by the organic gel-thermal reduction process from the raw materials of critic acid and metal salts. These alloy fibers synthesized were featured with a diameter of about 1 μm and a length as long as 1 m. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of the gel precursors were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG/DSC and SEM. The gel spinnability largely depends on the molecular structure of metal- carboxylates formed during the gel formation. The gel consisting of linear-type structural molecules shows good spinnability.

Metal Fe,Ni and Fe-Ni Fine Fibers Derived from the Organic Gel-Thermal Reduction Process

The organic gel-thermal reduction process was successfully used for the preparation of magnetic metal Ni, Fe, Fe-Ni fine fibers from raw materials of citric acid or lactic acid and metal salts. Ni, Fe and Fe-Ni fine fibers synthesized were featured with diameters of around 1 μm and lengths of as long as 2 m for Ni fibers, 0.5 m for iron fibers, 1 m for Fe-Ni fibers. The structure, thermal decomposition process and morphologies of the gel precursors and fibers derived from thermal reduction of these gel precursors were characterized by FTIR, XRD,TG/DSC and SEM, respectively. The gel spinnability largely depends on molecular structures of metal-carboxylate complexes formed in the gel. It is reasoned that these gels consist of linear-type structural molecules [（C6H6O7）Ni]n or [（C6H5O7）2Ni3] for the nickel citrate gel, [（C3H5O3）3Fe] for the ferric lactate gel, [（C6H5O7）5（NiFe）3] for the iron-nickel citrate gel respectively and the gels obtain showed a good spinning performance.

ORGANIC CHELATING REAGENT ON REDOX ADSORPTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FIBER TOWARDS Au^(3+)

Organic chelating reagent influences upon the redox adsorption of activated carbon fiber towards Au3+ were systematically investigated. The experimental results indicated that the presence of organic chelating reagent on activated carbon fiber strongly affects adsorption capacity of activated carbon fiber towards Au3+. The reduction-adsorption amount of Au3+ increased three times by the presence of 8-quinolinol. Furthermore, The reduction-adsorption amount of Au3+ depended on the pH value of adsorption and temperature.

STUDIES ON THE DYNAMIC COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC VAPORS ON THE ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS ACTIVATED WITH PHOSPHORIC ACID

The dynamic competitive adsorption behaviors of different binary organic vapor mixtures on ACF-Ps under different operation conditions were investigated by gas chromatography in this paper. The studied mixtures included benzene/toluene, toluene/xylene, benzene/isopropylbenzene, ethyl acetate/toluene and benzene/ethyl acetate. Experimental results show that various ACF-Ps, as with ACF-W, can remove both vapors in binary vapor mixtures with over 99% of removal efficiency before the breakthrough point of the more weakly adsorbed vapor. In dynamic competitive adsorption, the more weakly adsorbed vapor not only penetrates early, but also will be displaced and desorbed consequently by stronger adsorbate and therefore produces a rolling up in the breakthrough curve. The ACF-Ps prepared at different temperatures have somewhat different adsorption selectivity. The feed concentration ratio of vapors, the length/diameter ratio and the thick of bed have effect on competitive adsorption. The competitive adsorption ability of a vapor is mainly related to its boiling point. Usually, the higher the boiling point, the stronger the vapor adsorbed on ACF-P.

Effects of Crude Fiber Levels on Production Performance, Organ Index and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dingan Geese Aged from 1 to 28 Days

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of dietary crude fiber level on production performance,organ index and serum biochemical parameters of Dingan geese aged from 1 to 28 days.[Method]A total of 144 1-day-old Dingan geese with the same genetic background and similar initial weight(88.75±0.21g)were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 geese per replicate,and fed with the diets containing 2.56%,3.52% and 4.48% crude fiber,respectively.The trial lasted 28 d.[Result]1)The final weight and daily gain of 3.52% CF group were significantly higher than those of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05);the feed/gain ratio was markedly lower than that of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05).2)The slaughter rate,semi-eviscerated rate and leg muscle rate of 3.52% CF group were higher than those of 2.56% and 4.48% CF groups(P>0.05).3)As the dietary crude fiber levels rose,the abdominal fat rate showed a downward trend(P>0.05).4)The liver index of 3.52% CF group was significantly higher than that of 2.56% CF group(P<0.05).4)Compared with 2.5%and 4.48% CF groups,the serum albumin concentrations of 3.52% CF group markedly increased(P<0.05),the serum total protein and globin contents were higher(P>0.05),but the serum uric acid level was lower(P>0.05).[Conclusion]When the crude fiber level was 3.52%,the production performances of Dingan geese aged from 1 to 28 days were better,and the liver index and serum albumin level could be obviously improved.

Layer by Layer Self-assembly Fiber-based Flexible Electrochemical Transistor

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyethiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid(PEDOT:PSS)/polyallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride modified reduced graphene oxide(PDDA-rGO)was layer by layer self-assembled on the cotton fiber.The surface morphology and electric property was investigated.The results confirmed the dense membrane of PEDOT:PSS and the lamellar structure of PDDA-rGO on the fibers.It has excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.The fiber based electrochemical transistor(FECTs)prepared by the composite conductive fiber has a maximum output current of 8.7 mA,a transconductance peak of 10 mS,an on time of 1.37 s,an off time of 1.6 s and excellent switching stability.Most importantly,the devices by layer by layer self-assembly technology opens a path for the true integration of organic electronics with traditional textile technologies and materials,laying the foundation for their later widespread application.

Construction of a BiOI/ZnO heterojunction on biomass Juncus effusus fiber for photodegradation of organic pollutants

Semiconductor heterojunction engineering and three-dimensional(3D)architecture con-struction have been considered highly desirable strategies to enhance photocatalytic perfor-mance.Herein,a BiOI/ZnO composite photocatalyst with a 3D flower-like architecture was successfully prepared,whichwas stably immobilized on three-dimensional porous lignocel-lulosic biomass Juncus effusus(JE)fiber.The outstanding photocatalytic performance of the BiOI/ZnO-JE fiber was confirmed by the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride(TC,90%),ciprofloxacin(CIP,79%),and norfloxacin(NOR,81%).The enhanced photocatalytic activities were mainly attributed to the synergistic absorption performance of the lignocellulosic JE and the effective transfer and separation of charges.Moreover,the hydroxyl(·OH)and super-oxide radicals(·O_(2)^(−))are themain reactive species in the photocatalytic process according to the analysis.This work may provide a novel perspective for constructing high-performance lignocellulosic-based photocatalytic materials.

Compressive and tensile strength of polymer-based fiber composite sand

Traditional soil additives like Portland cement and lime are prone to cause the brittle fracture behavior of soil,and possibly,environmental impacts.This study explores the potential use of polyurethane organic polymer and sisal fiber in improving the mechanical performance of sand.The effects of polymer content,fiber content,and dry density on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)and direct tensile strength(DTS)of the polymer-fiber-sand composite were evaluated.The results showed significant increase in UCS and DTS of the reinforced sand with the increase of polymer content,fiber content,and dry density.At high dry density condition,a single peaked stress−strain curve is often observed.Higher polymer content is beneficial to increasing the peak stress,while higher fiber content contributes more to the post-peak stress.The combined use of polymers and fibers in soil reinforcement effectively prevents the propagation and development of cracks under the stress.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)test was also performed to investigate the micro-structural changes and inter-particle relations.It was found through SEM images that the surface coating,bonding,and filling effects conferred by polymer matrix greatly enhance the interfacial interactions,and hence provide a cohesive environment where the strength of fibers could be readily mobilized.

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Property of 1D Flexible PEDOT: p-TSA/Glass Fiber

Exploiting the thermal insulation properties of glass fiber and excellent conductivity of conducting polymer, a novel one-dimensional (1D) composite thermoelectric material, based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): p-toluenesulfonic acid (PEDOT: p-TSA)/glass fiber, is prepared by coating the PEDOT: p-TSA on the surface of glass fiber with in situ polymerization method. We hope the materials can bring out the performance of the “electron conductor, photon glass”. During the polymerization process, the effects of oxidant concentration and dopant mass fraction on thermoelectric properties of the materials are investigated. The group type of the polymer chain and the morphology of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The maximal Seebeck coefficient (S) and electric conductivity (σ) of the pristine sample are 32 μVK-1 and 169 Sm-1, respectively. After further post-processing with methanol, the thermoelectric properties of materials were improved, and the maximum value of S and σ increased greatly to 48.5 μVK-1 and 3184 Sm-1, respectively. The maximal power factor (PF) of materials also increased from 0.12 μWm-1 K-2 to 6.74 μWm-1 K-2. Moreover, we have proposed a preliminary explanation on the carrier transport mechanism.

饲粮纤维水平对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化、免疫器官及小肠发育的影响

为研究饲粮纤维(玉米酒糟粕、米糠、麸皮等比例混合物)对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数及小肠发育的影响,选取1日龄罗斯308肉用仔鸡480只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加不同水平(3.0%、4.5%、6.0%)的饲粮纤维,饲养42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加饲粮纤维降低肉鸡1~21日龄体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量(P<0.05),但6.0%纤维组提高了肉鸡42日龄体重和22~42日龄平均日增重,并降低了22~42日龄和1~42日龄的料重比(P<0.05)。2)不同水平纤维饲粮均显著提高了血清中白蛋白水平(P<0.05),与对照组相比,3.0%、6.0%纤维组血清甘油三酯和总蛋白水平在21日龄时显著升高(P<0.05),但42日龄时显著降低(P<0.05)。3)21日龄时,4.5%纤维组脾脏指数显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),42日龄时6.0%纤维组法氏囊指数显著低于对照和4.5%纤维组(P<0.05)。4)3%纤维组显著降低了肉鸡21日龄回肠绒隐比和42日龄十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),提高了42日龄十二指肠绒隐比(P<0.05);6.0%纤维组显著提高了21日龄和42日龄空肠绒毛高度以及21日龄回肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),4.5%纤维组显著降低了21日龄空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05)。综上,6.0%饲粮纤维可提高肉鸡生长性能,降低血清胆固醇、甘油三酯水平,并促进小肠发育。

有机纤维增强水泥基复合材料研究进展

目前有机纤维作为增强体被用于水泥基复合材料成为研究的热点。阐述了有机纤维对水泥基复合材料性能影响的研究进展。首先,介绍了不同种类有机纤维的性能,阐述了不同有机纤维对水泥基复合材料性能的影响,并分析了增强增韧机理。其次,分析了有机纤维性能对水泥基复合材料性能的影响。最后,对今后的进一步研究提出了建议。

碳纤维/UiO66-NH2环氧复合材料的制备及其性能研究

本文首先合成出锆基MOF材料UiO66-NH_(2),并设计得到PA功能化的MOF材料UiO66-NH_(2)-PA,再将其分散在环氧树脂基体中,制备了性能优异的碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料.随后,通过FT-IR、SEM、XRD对UiO66-NH_(2)以及UiO66-NH_(2)-PA进行了表征,使用万能试验机对碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料的力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,UiO66-NH_(2)-PA被成功制备,且改性后的碳纤维复合材料的抗弯曲和抗剪切强度分别提高了26.54%和29.09%.这是因为UiO66-NH_(2)-PA中氨基和磷基的作用增强了界面强度,既提高了碳纤维/UiO66-NH_(2)环氧复合材料的储能模量,又增强了复合材料的界面结合能力,从而实现了通过共同作用以提高碳纤维、环氧复合材料力学性能的目标.

高性能高分子材料体系自立自强发展战略研究

高性能高分子材料具有高强高模、高绝缘、耐腐蚀、耐辐照或绿色低碳等特点,是保障国家安全和国民经济发展的战略性材料之一,广泛应用于航空航天、电子电器、生物医疗等重要领域。本文系统梳理了高性能树脂及工程塑料、有机纤维、生物基树脂及可降解材料、特种橡胶及弹性体四大类高性能高分子材料中的重点品种,分析了国内外重点品种的发展现状和特点。研究发现,目前我国在高性能高分子材料方面已建立起比较完备的化工原料–合成–加工改性–制品应用上下游产业体系,但同时也存在关键原料保障不足、产品应用开发有待拓展等问题。在此基础上,从加强技术创新、推进关键原料保障、组建创新联合体等方面提出对策建议,以期为我国高性能高分子材料体系发展提供参考。

有机前驱体法制备氮化硼纤维的研究

氮化硼(BN)纤维是一种耐热和介电性能优异的陶瓷纤维,目前的主要合成方法为有机前驱体转化法。以聚三甲胺基环硼氮烷为前驱体,通过熔融纺丝、不熔化和力热耦合热解处理,制备出直径均匀的BN纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、BET比表面积等手段对BN纤维的微观结构、结晶性能、元素组成以及孔隙率进行详细表征。结果表明:1600℃热处理得到的BN纤维,表面光滑,织态结构完整,拉伸强度可达640.3MPa,而1000℃热处理得到的BN纤维,孔隙率高,比表面积最大,比表面积可达362.64m^(2)/g。

不同纤维源饲粮对家兔生长性能、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究不同纤维源饲粮对家兔生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取96只体重相近、健康的35日龄伊拉肉兔,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复3只。4个试验组分别使用大豆皮、稻草、花生秧和苜蓿为唯一纤维源配制全价饲粮。预试期7 d,正式试验期30 d。结果显示,大豆皮组、花生秧组和苜蓿组的末重和平均日增重均显著高于稻草组(P<0.05),稻草组、花生秧组和苜蓿组的平均日采食量显著高于大豆皮组(P<0.05)。大豆皮组、花生秧组和苜蓿组的宰前活重显著高于稻草组(P<0.05),花生秧组和苜蓿组的胴体重、半净膛重和全净膛重均显著高于稻草组(P<0.05)。苜蓿组的肝脏指数显著高于其他组(P<0.05),圆小囊指数显著高于大豆皮组和花生秧组(P<0.05)。大豆皮组的血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。研究表明,苜蓿作为家兔饲粮的纤维源综合表现较好,花生秧仅次于苜蓿,优于大豆皮和稻草。