Premature senescence in crop production,especially occurred at the late growth stage,generally results in a reduction in yield and quality.Therefore,it is beneficial for yield and quality to properly delay senescence ...Premature senescence in crop production,especially occurred at the late growth stage,generally results in a reduction in yield and quality.Therefore,it is beneficial for yield and quality to properly delay senescence of plant tissues during the late developmental stage.In this study,it was observed that the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were gradually decreased along leaf growth progression,and the rates of reduction were promoted by drought.Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis,total eight,five,seven,and five kinds of organic compounds that putatively associated with the tissue senescent progression were identified in leaves,fruit branches,petals,and sepals,respectively.It was found that the identified organic compound,such as a-pinene,b-pinene,and pentadecane were present in different tissues.Among the total ten organic substances identified to be related with the leaf senescence,half were specifically detected in the drought treatment.These results suggest some biochemical pathways associated with the leaf senescence are distinctly regulated by drought.The identified organic compounds in the tested tissues showed three types on the performance pattern based on the contents along with the senescent progression,including gradually increasing,decreasing,and a curve with one single peak.Thus,during the senescence process in tissues,a subset of metabolic substances occur modifications on the quantities,reflecting a complicate biochemical reactions are initiated via the senescence signals.Further analysis of the important organic substances will be helpful for elucidation of the tissue senescence mechanism at the biochemical level and provide a new insight of the senescence signaling transductions in cotton.展开更多
An unusual form of localized corrsion in copper tubes was detected early in service and in leakage tests after manufacturing.The morphology of this corrosion is similar to that of an ant's nest when viewed in cros...An unusual form of localized corrsion in copper tubes was detected early in service and in leakage tests after manufacturing.The morphology of this corrosion is similar to that of an ant's nest when viewed in cross section. The corrosion mechanisms, cases ofant's nest corrosion, and preventive measures are presented.展开更多
This study is to acquire the relationship between organic substances in water and prevalence of Kashin Beck disease (KBD). We sampled in three endemic areas and their corresponding neighboring non endemic areas, det...This study is to acquire the relationship between organic substances in water and prevalence of Kashin Beck disease (KBD). We sampled in three endemic areas and their corresponding neighboring non endemic areas, determined the contents of organic substances and examined the children. The results showed that:①humus type B exited only in endemic areas; ②the content of humus type B is proportional to the state of the illness. KBD may be related to the humus type B in drinking water.展开更多
Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its r...Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its rooting mechanism, cuttings of P. crassifolia with different cutting types （softwood, hardwood and root）, positions （top, upper, middle and bottom） and ages （7, 10, 15, 20, 25 year-old） were cultivated in a field experiment. One- year old softwood and hardwood cuttings were collected from 7-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25 year-old healthy ortets to analyze the changes from endogenous hormones and organic nutrients. Results indicate that the softwood cut- tings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old ortets shows better growth performance by improving rooting indexes, including a significant increasein rooting rate and a decrease in basal rot rate. Concomi- tantly, increasing rooting quantity and root length also increased. It is noteworthy that the high rooting rate of P. crassifolia cuttings due to its ability to accumulate high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and total carbon （TC） rather than abscisic acid （ABA） and total nitrogen （TN）. The rooting rate was mainly regulated by the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio. In summary, our results suggest that the softwood cuttings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old P. crassifolia can be considered as an effective strategy to improve cutting rooting rate, and the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio was one of the main factors limiting the cutting rooting rate of P. crassifolia.展开更多
The influence on the effectiveness of sterilization by low-temperature plasma sterilizer CASP-80A was investigated so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing medical costs and achieving ideal sterilization effe...The influence on the effectiveness of sterilization by low-temperature plasma sterilizer CASP-80A was investigated so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing medical costs and achieving ideal sterilization effectiveness. To conduct the on-site simulation test, a clinical material sterilization test and a test of the influence of organic substance were conducted, the former by using the representative of Bacillus Stearothermophilus, preparing the bacteria-contaminated carrier through polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） simulated hose endoscopes, and the latter by using calf serum as the influence factor of the organic substance. The results show that the CASP-80A low-temperature plasma sterilizer could achieve effective sterilization by either the short-cycle or the long-cycle sterilization method depending on different materials, apparatus, and extent of contamination. The organic substances could influence the effectiveness of sterilization by the low-temperature plasma （H2O2） sterilizer.展开更多
Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission matrix（EEM） coupled with parallel factor analysis（PARAFAC） was performed for a total of 18 water samples taken from three water sources（two lakes and one wastew...Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission matrix（EEM） coupled with parallel factor analysis（PARAFAC） was performed for a total of 18 water samples taken from three water sources（two lakes and one wastewater treatment plant（WWTP） secondary effluent）,with the purpose of identifying the major ultrafiltration（UF） membrane foulants in different water sources. Three fluorescent components（C1, C2 and C3） were identified,which represented terrestrially derived humic-like substances（C1）, microbially derived humic-like substances（C2）, and protein-like substances（C3）. The correlations between the different fluorescent components and UF membrane fouling were analyzed. It was shown that for the WWTP secondary effluent, all three components（C1, C2 and C3） made a considerable contribution to the irreversible and total fouling of the UF membrane.However, for the two lakes, only the C3 exhibited a strong correlation with membrane fouling, indicating that the protein-like substances were the major membrane foulants in the lake waters. Significant attachment of C1, C2 and C3 to the UF membrane was also confirmed by mass balance analyses for the WWTP secondary effluent; while the attachment of C1 and C2 was shown to be negligible for the two lakes. The results may provide basic formation for developing suitable fouling control strategies for sustainable UF processes.展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology R&D Program of China (2008AA10Z113)
文摘Premature senescence in crop production,especially occurred at the late growth stage,generally results in a reduction in yield and quality.Therefore,it is beneficial for yield and quality to properly delay senescence of plant tissues during the late developmental stage.In this study,it was observed that the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were gradually decreased along leaf growth progression,and the rates of reduction were promoted by drought.Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis,total eight,five,seven,and five kinds of organic compounds that putatively associated with the tissue senescent progression were identified in leaves,fruit branches,petals,and sepals,respectively.It was found that the identified organic compound,such as a-pinene,b-pinene,and pentadecane were present in different tissues.Among the total ten organic substances identified to be related with the leaf senescence,half were specifically detected in the drought treatment.These results suggest some biochemical pathways associated with the leaf senescence are distinctly regulated by drought.The identified organic compounds in the tested tissues showed three types on the performance pattern based on the contents along with the senescent progression,including gradually increasing,decreasing,and a curve with one single peak.Thus,during the senescence process in tissues,a subset of metabolic substances occur modifications on the quantities,reflecting a complicate biochemical reactions are initiated via the senescence signals.Further analysis of the important organic substances will be helpful for elucidation of the tissue senescence mechanism at the biochemical level and provide a new insight of the senescence signaling transductions in cotton.
文摘An unusual form of localized corrsion in copper tubes was detected early in service and in leakage tests after manufacturing.The morphology of this corrosion is similar to that of an ant's nest when viewed in cross section. The corrosion mechanisms, cases ofant's nest corrosion, and preventive measures are presented.
文摘This study is to acquire the relationship between organic substances in water and prevalence of Kashin Beck disease (KBD). We sampled in three endemic areas and their corresponding neighboring non endemic areas, determined the contents of organic substances and examined the children. The results showed that:①humus type B exited only in endemic areas; ②the content of humus type B is proportional to the state of the illness. KBD may be related to the humus type B in drinking water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31360086)the grant from the major state basic research development program of china(973 program,No.2013CB429903)
文摘Picea crassifolia Kom, a perennial arbor spe- cies is recognized as one of the most adaptable plants found to date in Qilian Mountains. To explore the cutting reproduction technology of P. crassifolia and reveal its rooting mechanism, cuttings of P. crassifolia with different cutting types （softwood, hardwood and root）, positions （top, upper, middle and bottom） and ages （7, 10, 15, 20, 25 year-old） were cultivated in a field experiment. One- year old softwood and hardwood cuttings were collected from 7-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25 year-old healthy ortets to analyze the changes from endogenous hormones and organic nutrients. Results indicate that the softwood cut- tings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old ortets shows better growth performance by improving rooting indexes, including a significant increasein rooting rate and a decrease in basal rot rate. Concomi- tantly, increasing rooting quantity and root length also increased. It is noteworthy that the high rooting rate of P. crassifolia cuttings due to its ability to accumulate high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and total carbon （TC） rather than abscisic acid （ABA） and total nitrogen （TN）. The rooting rate was mainly regulated by the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio. In summary, our results suggest that the softwood cuttings （0.5-1.0 cm in diameter） from upper branches of 15 year-old P. crassifolia can be considered as an effective strategy to improve cutting rooting rate, and the IAA/ABA and TC/TN ratio was one of the main factors limiting the cutting rooting rate of P. crassifolia.
文摘The influence on the effectiveness of sterilization by low-temperature plasma sterilizer CASP-80A was investigated so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing medical costs and achieving ideal sterilization effectiveness. To conduct the on-site simulation test, a clinical material sterilization test and a test of the influence of organic substance were conducted, the former by using the representative of Bacillus Stearothermophilus, preparing the bacteria-contaminated carrier through polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） simulated hose endoscopes, and the latter by using calf serum as the influence factor of the organic substance. The results show that the CASP-80A low-temperature plasma sterilizer could achieve effective sterilization by either the short-cycle or the long-cycle sterilization method depending on different materials, apparatus, and extent of contamination. The organic substances could influence the effectiveness of sterilization by the low-temperature plasma （H2O2） sterilizer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51208140)the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2012ZX07201002)
文摘Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation–emission matrix（EEM） coupled with parallel factor analysis（PARAFAC） was performed for a total of 18 water samples taken from three water sources（two lakes and one wastewater treatment plant（WWTP） secondary effluent）,with the purpose of identifying the major ultrafiltration（UF） membrane foulants in different water sources. Three fluorescent components（C1, C2 and C3） were identified,which represented terrestrially derived humic-like substances（C1）, microbially derived humic-like substances（C2）, and protein-like substances（C3）. The correlations between the different fluorescent components and UF membrane fouling were analyzed. It was shown that for the WWTP secondary effluent, all three components（C1, C2 and C3） made a considerable contribution to the irreversible and total fouling of the UF membrane.However, for the two lakes, only the C3 exhibited a strong correlation with membrane fouling, indicating that the protein-like substances were the major membrane foulants in the lake waters. Significant attachment of C1, C2 and C3 to the UF membrane was also confirmed by mass balance analyses for the WWTP secondary effluent; while the attachment of C1 and C2 was shown to be negligible for the two lakes. The results may provide basic formation for developing suitable fouling control strategies for sustainable UF processes.
