Templated synthesis of transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions

Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based catalysts.TMPs have been produced in various morphologies,including hollow and porous nanostructures,which are features deemed desirable for electrocatalytic materials.Templated synthesis routes are often responsible for such morphologies.This paper reviews the latest advances and existing challenges in the synthesis of TMP-based OER and HER catalysts through templated methods.A comprehensive review of the structure-property-performance of TMP-based HER and OER catalysts prepared using different templates is presented.The discussion proceeds according to application,first by HER and further divided among the types of templates used-from hard templates,sacrificial templates,and soft templates to the emerging dynamic hydrogen bubble template.OER catalysts are then reviewed and grouped according to their morphology.Finally,prospective research directions for the synthesis of hollow and porous TMP-based catalysts,such as improvements on both activity and stability of TMPs,design of environmentally benign templates and processes,and analysis of the reaction mechanism through advanced material characterization techniques and theoretical calculations,are suggested.

A Joint Entity Relation Extraction Model Based on Relation Semantic Template Automatically Constructed

The joint entity relation extraction model which integrates the semantic information of relation is favored by relevant researchers because of its effectiveness in solving the overlapping of entities,and the method of defining the semantic template of relation manually is particularly prominent in the extraction effect because it can obtain the deep semantic information of relation.However,this method has some problems,such as relying on expert experience and poor portability.Inspired by the rule-based entity relation extraction method,this paper proposes a joint entity relation extraction model based on a relation semantic template automatically constructed,which is abbreviated as RSTAC.This model refines the extraction rules of relation semantic templates from relation corpus through dependency parsing and realizes the automatic construction of relation semantic templates.Based on the relation semantic template,the process of relation classification and triplet extraction is constrained,and finally,the entity relation triplet is obtained.The experimental results on the three major Chinese datasets of DuIE,SanWen,and FinRE showthat the RSTAC model successfully obtains rich deep semantics of relation,improves the extraction effect of entity relation triples,and the F1 scores are increased by an average of 0.96% compared with classical joint extraction models such as CasRel,TPLinker,and RFBFN.

Phase II Clinical Study of Three-Dimensional Printed Coplanar Template Combined with CT-Guided Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy of Pulmonary Nodules in Elderly Patients

Background: As the population age structure gradually ages, more and more elderly people were found to have pulmonary nodules during physical examinations. Most elderly people had underlying diseases such as heart, lung, brain and blood vessels and cannot tolerate surgery. Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) was the first choice for pathological diagnosis and subsequent targeted drugs, immune drugs or ablation treatment. CT-guided percutaneous CNB requires clinicians with rich CNB experience to ensure high CNB accuracy, but it was easy to cause complications such as pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Three-dimensional (3D) printing coplanar template (PCT) combined with CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB biopsy has been used in clinical practice, but there was no prospective, randomized controlled study. Methods: Elderly patients with lung nodules admitted to the Department of Oncology of our hospital from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected. A total of 225 elderly patients were screened, and 30 patients were included after screening. They were randomly divided into experimental group (Group A: 30 cases) and control group (Group B: 30 cases). Group A was given 3D-PCT combined with CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB biopsy, Group B underwent CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB. The primary outcome measure of this study was the accuracy of diagnostic CNB, and the secondary outcome measures were CNB time, number of CNB needles, number of pathological tissues and complications. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of group A and group B was 96.67% and 76.67%, respectively (P = 0.026). There were statistical differences between group A and group B in average CNB time (P = 0.001), number of CNB (1 vs more than 1, P = 0.029), and pathological tissue obtained by CNB (3 vs 1, P = 0.040). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of pneumothorax and hemorrhage between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: 3D-PCT combined with CT-guided percutaneous CNB can improve the puncture accuracy of elderly patients, shorten the puncture time, reduce the number of punctures, and increase the amount of puncture pathological tissue, without increasing pneumothorax and hemorrhage complications. We look forward to verifying this in a phase III randomized controlled clinical study. .

Road Traffic Monitoring from Aerial Images Using Template Matching and Invariant Features

Road traffic monitoring is an imperative topic widely discussed among researchers.Systems used to monitor traffic frequently rely on cameras mounted on bridges or roadsides.However,aerial images provide the flexibility to use mobile platforms to detect the location and motion of the vehicle over a larger area.To this end,different models have shown the ability to recognize and track vehicles.However,these methods are not mature enough to produce accurate results in complex road scenes.Therefore,this paper presents an algorithm that combines state-of-the-art techniques for identifying and tracking vehicles in conjunction with image bursts.The extracted frames were converted to grayscale,followed by the application of a georeferencing algorithm to embed coordinate information into the images.The masking technique eliminated irrelevant data and reduced the computational cost of the overall monitoring system.Next,Sobel edge detection combined with Canny edge detection and Hough line transform has been applied for noise reduction.After preprocessing,the blob detection algorithm helped detect the vehicles.Vehicles of varying sizes have been detected by implementing a dynamic thresholding scheme.Detection was done on the first image of every burst.Then,to track vehicles,the model of each vehicle was made to find its matches in the succeeding images using the template matching algorithm.To further improve the tracking accuracy by incorporating motion information,Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT)features have been used to find the best possible match among multiple matches.An accuracy rate of 87%for detection and 80%accuracy for tracking in the A1 Motorway Netherland dataset has been achieved.For the Vehicle Aerial Imaging from Drone(VAID)dataset,an accuracy rate of 86%for detection and 78%accuracy for tracking has been achieved.

Fabrication of Large-area 3-D Ordered Silvercoated Colloidal Crystals and Macroporous Silver Films Using Polystyrene Templates

The highly ordered silver-coated colloidal crystals arrays and macroporous silver films were derived through an electrostatics-induced adsorption effect using polystyrene(PS) as templates. Carboxyl-modified PS microspheres were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization using methacrylic acid(MAA) as the functional monomer. PS microspheres were self-assembled into close packing colloidal crystals of facecentered cubic arrays to the substrate with vertical deposition method. These colloidal crystals were modified using dopamine(DA) to form poly-dopamine(PDA) during its oxidative polymerization. Through electrostatic interaction, the silver nanoparticles were deposited and adsorbed onto the surfaces of colloidal crystals templates by exposing [Ag(NH_3)_2]^+solution to infrared irradiation. Removal of the polymeric template by etching with methylbenzene solvent resulted in 3D ordered macroporous silver films. The structural and properties of the ordered silver-coated arrays and macroporous silver films were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS). The results indicate that the prepared silver-coated arrays and macroporous silver films possess the features of ordered multilayer arrangement, uniformity and repeatability as well as an ideal SERS effect.

Comparison study of GaN films grown on porous and planar GaN templates

The GaN thick films have been grown on porous GaN template and planar metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)-GaN template by halide vapor phase epitaxy(HVPE). The analysis results indicated that the GaN films grown on porous and planar GaN templates under the same growth conditions have similar structural, optical, and electrical properties. But the porous GaN templates could significantly reduce the stress in the HVPE-GaN epilayer and enhance the photoluminescence(PL) intensity. The voids in the porous template were critical for the strain relaxation in the GaN films and the increase of the PL intensity. Thus, the porous GaN converted from β-Ga2O3 film as a novel promising template is suitable for the growth of stress-free GaN films.

Design for CNN Templates with Performance of Global Connectivity Detection

The cellular neural/nonlinear network (CNN) is a powerful tool for image and video signal processing,robotic and biological visions. This paper discusses a general method for designing template of the global connectivitydetection (GCD) CNN, which provides parameter inequalities for determining parameter intervals for implementing thecorresponding functions. The GCD CNN has stronger ability and faster rate for determining global connectivity in binarypatterns than the GCD CNN proposed by Zarandy. An example for detecting the connectivity in complex patterns isgiven.

Composition Templates in English Writing of the College Entrance Examination

In recent years,more and more students relay on universal composition templates.Students believe that the"universal composition template"can cope with all kinds of English tests.How the pros and cons of writing methods seem to put things right once and for all?How’s enlightening significance to English teaching?In this paper,based on the two language acquisition theory and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the composition template,some suggestion are given to the students to improve their English writing level.

The Syntheses of 1-Dimensional(1-D)Chain,2-D Layered,and 3-D Microporous Alumino-phosphates with Occluded Amine or Ammonium Templates from Alcoholic Systems

The present paper covers the syntheses of 1 D chain, 2 D layered and 3 D microporous aluminophosphates containing organic amines or ammonium in the presence of various amines from alcoholic systems. The rule for the crystallization of the above three families of microporous aluminophosphates was summarized and the effects of organic amine, P/Al ratio, sources of aluminum and phosphorous and temperature on the resulted structures were investigated.

Effect of Templates on the Structure and Stability of Ti-TMS

Pure Mesoporous TiO2 molecular sieves (Ti-TMS) were synthesized with different templates for the first time and the templates can be successfully removed by refluxing the samples in the EtOH/H2O/KOH solution. The XRD pattern and TEM confirm that the uniformity and stability of Ti-TMS2 synthesized with dodecylamine as template is obviously inferior to that of Ti-TMS1 prepared with dodecylphosphate and hexadecylphosphate as templates. Furthermore, after the templates were removed, the mesostructure of Ti-TMS1 was preserved to a great degree than that of Ti-TMS2.

HSE training matrices templates for grassroots posts in petroleum and petrochemical enterprises

This paper aims to standardize health, safety and environment（HSE） training matrices for effectively identifying training requirements and enhancing job competency of grassroots posts in petroleum and petrochemical enterprises. After an investigation into HSE training performance in petroleum and petrochemical enterprises, HSE training matrices templates for 239 grassroots posts involving 22 primary petroleum and petrochemical disciplines were developed based on the technical requirements of HSE training matrices templates and the studies of template development processes and technical methods at grassroots level. Applications of these templates in 12 companies demonstrate their effectiveness in improving HSE training and management for grassroots posts,strengthening risk control and promoting the application of HSE system and tools in grassroots units.

Tuning of the periodicity of stable self-organized metallic templates

The atomic and electronic structures of Pb bilayer/Pt（111） are investigated with two theoretical calculations. We find that the stable （2 × 2）/（3 × 3） Pb/Pt（lll） structure is a promising candidate for being used as a template with self-organized ordered Pb semi-cluster array on the first Pb monolayer. This stable structure can realize the ordered Au single-atom array around the Pb semi-clusters that can cause selective adsorption of noble atoms. The size of Pb magic number semi-cluster plays a more important role in determining the periodicity of the template than the lattice constant misfit between the substrate and the overlayer. This leads to quite a different periodicity between the two stable templates, which are （2 × 2）/（3 × 3） Pb/Pt（111） and Pb/Cu（111）. Therefore, by considering the size of the stable semi-clusters and carefully selecting different substrate materials, we can tune the density of Pb semi-clusters as the nucleation points and then tune the periodicity of the stable template.

Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Cu-Ni Core-shell Nanowires in Ion-track Templates

Cu-Ni core-shell nanowires, with an inner Cu core diameter of about 60 nm and varying Ni shell thicknesses （10, 30, 50, 60, and 80 nm）, were successfully fabricated in porous polycarbonate （PC） ion- track templates by a two-step etching and electrodeposition method. In our experiment, the thickness of Ni shell can be effectively tuned through the etching time of templates. The core-shell structure was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） pattern elucidates the co-existence of characteristic peaks for both Cu and Ni, indicating no other phases were formed during preparation. Magnetic hysteresis loops measured via vibrating sample magnetometry （VSM） revealed that Cu-Ni core-shell nanowires with thinner Ni shell exhibited obviously diamagnetic character and together with a weak ferromagnetic activity, whereas ferromagnetic behavior was primarily measured for the wires with thicker Ni shell. With increasing Ni shell thickness, the squareness and coercivity value became smaller due to the shape anisotropy and the formation of multi-domain structure.

Fast and low-temperature elimination of organic templates from SBA-15 using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Organic templates P-123 of mesoporous SBA-15 can be effectively removed in a few minutes （4 min） by using the dielectric-barrier discharge （DBD） plasma technique at ambient pressure and low gas temperature （around 130℃）. The mesoporous SBA-15 was characterized by FT-IR, 29Si solid sate NMR, TEM, XRD, TGA and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The as-made SBA-15 treated with DBD plasma exhibited a larger surface area of 790 m2 · g-1 with larger pores and microspore volume than samples prepared by using the conventional thermal calcination method （550 ℃ and 5 h, 660 m2 · g-1）. In addition to less shrinkage of the silica framework, the DBD-prepared SBA-15 showed significantly increased weight loss of 8.3% about 200℃ as compared with that of conventional calcination （5.5%）, which is attributed mainly to the dehydroxylation by condensation of silanol groups.

Dendrimer Templates for the Formation of Silver Nanoparticles

In order to control the size and shape of Ag nanoparticles obtained by using poly（amidoamine） （PA- MAM） dendrimer as template, the complexation between Ag^＋ ions and dendrimer studied extensively by UV-Vis spectroscopy and FTIR. After the Ag＋/PAMAM demdrimer being reduced by direct chemical reduction, Ag （0） nanopartides was formed, whose structure and characterization were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and electron diffraction （ED） respectively. The results reveal that Ag nanopartides is a kind of face center cubic crystal and its average size is 4.5 nm. The solubility and stability of the solution containing Ag nanopartides also indicate that dendrimer is a good kind of template, as well as a protective agent.

A color based face detection system using multiple templates

A color based system using multiple templates was developed and implemented for detecting hu-man faces in color images.The algorithm comsists of three image processing steps.The first step is human skin color statistics.Then it separates skin regions from non-skin regions.After that,it locates the frontal human face(s) within the skin regions.In the first step,250 skin samples from persons of different ethnicities are used to determine the color distribution of human skin in chromatic color space in order to get a chroma chart showing likelihoods of skin colors.This chroma chart is used to generate,from the original color image,a gray scale image whose gray value at a pixel shows its likelihood of representing the shin,The algorithm uses an adaptive thresholding process to achieve the optimal threshold value for dividing the gray scale image into sep-arate skin regions from non skin regions.Finally,multiple face templates matching is used to determine if a given skin region represents a frontal human face or not.Test of the system with more than 400 color images showed that the resulting detection rate was 83%,which is better than most colou-based face detection sys-tems.The average speed for face detection is 0.8 second/image(400×300pixels) on a Pentium 3(800MHz) PC.

Fast Watermark Synchronization Based on Complementary Templates

A recent trend of the digital watermark requires not only the robustness but also speed. To achieve these requirements, we propose a watermark synchronization scheme based on two kinds of templates. The first one is the rotation invariant template for estimating scale parameter, and the second is the scale invariant template for estimating rotation parameter. Theoretically, complementary templates greatly reduce the search space at the detection stage and achieve robustness against the RST distortion. The results report that the proposed method is useful for the water- mark detection system which requires both a real-time detection and robustness.

Reactive template-derived interfacial engineering of CoP/CoO heterostructured porous nanotubes towards superior electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

The development of economical,efficient,and robust electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is highly imperative for the rapid advancement of renewable H2 energy-associated technologies.Extensive utilization of the heterointerface effect can endow the catalysts with remarkably boosted electrocatalytic performance due to the modified electronic state of active sites.Herein,we demonstrate deliberate crafting of CoP/CoO heterojunction porous nanotubes(abbreviated as CoP/CoO PNTs hereafter)using a self-sacrificial template-engaged strategy.Precise control over the Kirkendall diffusion process of the presynthesized cobalt–aspartic acid complex nanowires is indispensable for the formation of CoP/CoO heterostructures.The topochemical transformation strategy of the reactive templates enables uniform and maximized construction of CoP/CoO heterojunctions throughout all the porous nanotubes.The establishment of CoP/CoO heterojunctions could considerably modify the electronic configuration of the active sites and also improve the electric conductivity,which endows the resultant CoP/CoO PNTs with enhanced intrinsic activity.Simultaneously,the hollow and porous nanotube architectures allow sufficient accessibility of exterior/interior surfaces and molecular permeability,drastically promoting the reaction kinetics.Consequently,when used as HER electrocatalysts,the well-designed CoP/CoO PNTs show Pt-like activity,with an overpotential of only 61 mV at 10mA cm^(−2) and excellent stability in 1.0M KOH medium,exceeding those of the vast majority of the previously reported nonprecious candidates.Density functional theory calculations further substantiate that the construction of CoP/CoO heterojunctions enables optimization of the Gibbs free energies for water adsorption and H adsorption,resulting in boosted HER intrinsic activity.The present study may provide in-depth insights into the fundamental mechanisms of heterojunction-induced electronic regulation,which may pave the way for the rational design of advanced Earth-abundant electrocatalysts in the future.

Template synthesis of copper azide primary explosive through Cu2O@HKUST-1 core-shell composite prepared by “bottle around ship” method

Copper azide(CA), as a primary explosive with high energy density, has not been practically used so far because of its high electrostatic sensitivity. The Cu2O@HKUST-1 core-shell structure hybrid material was synthesized by the “bottle around ship” methodology in this research by regulating the dissolution rate of Cu2O and the generation rate of metal-organic framework(MOF) materials. Cu2O@HKUST-1 was carbonized to form a Cu O@porous carbon(CuO@PC) composite material. CuO@PC was synthesized into a copper azide(CA) @PC composite energetic material through a gas-solid phase in-situ azidation reaction.CA is encapsulated in PC framework, which acts as a nanoscale Faraday cage, and its excellent electrical conductivity prevents electrostatic charges from accumulating on the energetic material’s surface. The CA@PC composite energetic material has a CA content of 89.6%, and its electrostatic safety is nearly 30times that of pure CA(1.47 mJ compared to 0.05 mJ). CA@PC delivers an outstanding balance of safety and energy density compared to similar materials.

Cancelable remote quantum fingerprint templates protection scheme

With the increasing popularity of fingerprint identification technology, its security and privacy have been paid much attention. Only the security and privacy of biological information are insured, the biological technology can be better accepted and used by the public. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum bit（qbit）-based scheme to solve the security and privacy problem existing in the traditional fingerprint identification system. By exploiting the properties of quantum mechanics, our proposed scheme, cancelable remote quantum fingerprint templates protection scheme, can achieve the unconditional security guaranteed in an information-theoretical sense. Moreover, this novel quantum scheme can invalidate most of the attacks aimed at the fingerprint identification system. In addition, the proposed scheme is applicable to the requirement of remote communication with no need to worry about its security and privacy during the transmission. This is an absolute advantage when comparing with other traditional methods. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can effectively ensure the communication security and the privacy of users＇ information for the fingerprint identification.