Organic-Inorganic Interaction Recorded by Polycyclic Aromatic Steranes in Continental Epithermal Ore Deposits

Continental epithermal ore deposits are commonly associated with sedimentary organic matter,oils or solid bitumen.These organics embedded in mineral deposits can convey valuable information of the ore genesis.However,the extent to which the formation of ore minerals was recorded by organic compounds remains largely unknown,as also is how metal-rich ores interfere with the molecular proxies in the temperature regime envisaged for hydrothermal activity.The molecular compositional changes of various polycyclic aromatic steranes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and compounds derived from the Jinding Pb/Zn deposit,SW China provide new data.Aliphatic regular steranes are present as traces.The transformation from polycyclic aromatic steranes to unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is observed to show an increased trend with increasing hydrothermal alteration levels;this is consistent with the transformation from unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to heterocyclic compounds.Dehydrocyclization(aromatization)of polycyclic biological compounds and hydrodecyclization(dearomatization)of polycyclic aromatic compounds are two important reaction pathways in hydrothermal systems with moderate temperature.This detailed investigation of organicinorganic interactions of two groups of polycyclic compounds with metal-rich ores provides insights into the questions on how and to what extent the formation of Pb/Zn deposits can be recorded by organics.This work will improve our understanding of carbon reduction,oxidation or condensation in the deep Earth and the carbon exchange between the Earth's crust and mantle,and may shed light on the processes for ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(St-co-BA) Latex with an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Compound as Emulsifier

A poly (St-co-BA) latex was successfully synthesized by using an organic-inorganic hybrid compound (OIHC), an aliphatic carboxylate sodium/nano-silica composite, as the emulsifier, and investigated by particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscope (TEM), optical contact angle measurement (OCA) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). It was found that the protective agent, sodium polyacrylate (PA),could obviously improve the polymerization stability and the functional monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), could enhance the store stability of the latex. The particle size of poly(St-co-BA) latex decreased and then leveled off as OIHC content increased. TEM shows that the prepared polymers were actually organic-inorganic nanocomposites, and these films have better waterproof property than those prepared by traditional poly(St-co-BA) latex or organic silicone modified poly(St-co-BA) latex. The nanocomposite polymer has much higher glass transition temperature than organic silicone modified poly(St-co-BA) polymer containing the same organic silicone content.

DNA Modification with Photochromic Spiro Compounds

The photochromic spiropyrans and spirooxazine having a succinimidyl ester or isothiocyanate pendant group can form covalent products with transaminated DNA. The absorption spectra and solid reflection spectra of modified DNA with these photochromic spiro compounds were investigated.

The Production of Organic-Inorganic Compound Film-Coated Urea and the Characteristics of Its Nutrient Release

The effect of different concentrations of natural macromolecular compound on the characteristics of nutrient release in the membrane materials of organic-inorganic compound film-coated urea was discussed, and the optimal concentrations for better nutrient release was proposed. The characteristics of nutrient release of film-coated urea were evaluated by soil column leaching experiment. Organic-inorganic compound film-coated urea showed good characteristics of nutrient release, which could be well simulated by Logistic curve. The two parameters in this curve, a and r, can be used to present nutrient release of film-coated urea, and followed the order of B 〉 C 〉 A and C 〈 B 〈 A, respectively, indicating that the release was stronger with the increasing concentration of natural macromolecular compound in the membrane, which implied better controllability of nutrient release. The concentration of 5% of natural macromolecular compound showed better characteristic of nutrient release and can be utilized as a membrane material combined with inorganic mineral powders to develop film-coated slow-release fertilizer.

Compounded Surface Modification of ZK60 Mg Alloy by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam+Micro-plasma Oxidation

In this study, compounded surface modification technology-high current pulsed electron beam （HCPEB） ＋ micro-plasma oxidation （MPO） was applied to treat ZK60 Mg alloys. The characteristics of the microstructure of ZK60 Mg alloy after single MPO and HCPEB＋MPO compounded treatment were investigated by SEM. The results showed that the density of the ceramic layer of HCPEB＋MPO-treated ZK60 Mg alloy was improved and defects were reduced compared to that under MPO treatment alone. Surface modified layer of ZK60 Mg alloys treated by HCPEB＋MPO was divided into three zones, namely the top loose ceramic zone, middle compact zone and inside HCPEB-induced melted zone. Corrosion resistance of ZK60 Mg alloy before and after the compounded surface modification was measured in a solution of 3.5% NaCl by potentiodynamic polarization curves. It was found that the corrosion current density of ZK60 Mg alloys could be reduced by about three orders of magnitude, from 311μA/cm^2 of the original sample to 0.2μA/cm^2 of the HCPEB＋MPO-treated sample. This indicates the great application potential of the HCPEB＋MPO compounded surface modification technology in improving the corrosion resistance of ZK60 Mg alloys in the future.

Fabrication of branch-like Aph@LDH-MgO material through organic-inorganic hybrid conjugation for excellent anti-corrosion performance

Layered double hydroxides(LDH)frameworks have shown significant enhancement in stability and reusability,and their tailorable architecture brings new insight into the development of the next generation of hybrid materials,which attracted considerable attention in many fields over the years.One of the factors contributing to the widespread applicability of layered double hydroxides is their adaptable composition,which can accommodate a wide spectrum of potential anionic guests.This exceptional property makes the LDH system simple to adjust for various applications.However,most LDH systems are synthesized in situ in an autoclave at high temperatures and pressures that severely restrict the industrial use of such coating systems.In this study,LDH was directly synthesized on a magnesium alloy that had undergone plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)treatment in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,thereby avoiding the use of hydrothermal autoclave conditions.This LDH system was compared with a hybrid architecture consisting of organic-inorganic self-assembly.An organic layer was fabricated on top of the LDH film using 4-Aminophenol(Aph)compound,resulting in a smart hierarchical structure that can provide a robust Aph@LDH film with excellent anti-corrosion performance.At the molecular level,the conjugation characteristics and adsorption mechanism of Aph molecule were studied using two levels of theory as follows.First,Localized orbit locator(LOL)-πisosurface,electrostatic potential(ESP)distribution,and average local ionization energy(ALIE)on the molecular surface were used to highlight localization region,reveal the favorable electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks,and clearly explore the type of interactions that occurred around interesting regions.Second,first-principles based on density functional theory(DFT)was applied to study the hybrid mechanism of Aph on LDH system and elucidate their mutual interactions.The experimental and computational analyses suggest that the highπ-electron density and delocalization characteristics of the functional groups and benzene ring in the Aph molecule played a leading role in the synergistic effects arising from the combination of organic and inorganic coatings.This work provides a promising approach to design advanced hybrid materials with exceptional electrochemical performance.

Preparation of Compound Ultrafine CeO2 by Wet-Solid-Phase Mechanochemical Modification

To satisfy practical requirements from industrial applications, an alternate route for synthesis compound ultrafine CeO2 powders by wet-solid-phase mechanochemical modification using industrial grade hydrated cerium carbonate as raw material was proposed.The effect of modifier reaction percentage, reaction time, calcining temperature and modifier amount on particle size, density, suspensibility, and hardness of compound CeO2 powder was investigated.The phase evolutions of preparation process were characterized by XRD.SEM micrograph of the final product shows that compound CeO2 powders obtained are well-dispersed, spherically-shaped, uniformly-sized and submicron-sized particles.The method is readily available in raw material, low in cost, simple in process, and has great potential for industrialization.The compound CeO2 powders of different physical properties can be synthesized by controlling the above-mentioned influence factors in preparation process.

Modification ofβ-Al_5FeSi Compound in Recycled Al-Si-Fe Cast Alloy by Using Sr,Mg and Cr Additions

The effects of Sr,Mg,Cr,Sr/Mg and Sr/Cr combined additions on the Fe-containing intermetallic phase in a recycled Al-Si-Fe cast alloy are investigated.The experimental results show that the additions of Cr and Sr/Cr successfully modified the platelet and flake-likeβ-Al-5FeSi phases （β-compound） into the fibrousα-Al-8Fe-2Si （α-compound）.The additions of Sr and Sr/Mg were less effective to modify theβ-compound into theα-compound,while the eutectic Si was fully modified into the fibrous morphology.A small secondary dendrite arm spacing （DAS） was found in the Sr-added,Cr-added and Sr/Cr-added alloys,especially in a steel mold.The Sr,Sr/Cr and Sr/Mg combined additions modify the eutectic Si simultaneously.A sludge phase was found in the addition of Cr-added,Sr/Cr-added and Mg-added alloys,especially in the graphite mold casting.The volume fraction ofβ-compounds was decreased by the addition of various modifying elements. The Cr and Sr/Cr combined additions are very effective to modify theβ-compound for the recycled Al-Si-Fe based alloys.

Modification Effect of P+Sr+Ce Compound on Microstructure and Properties of Cast High Silicon Heat-Resist Aluminum Alloy

The P ＋ Sr ＋ Ce compound modification technologies of as-cast Al-21Si-1.5Cu-1.5Ni- 2.5Fe- 0.5Mg alloy were investigated by means of orthogonal test. Orthogonal test results show that 3% （CaH2PO4 ＋ 2CASO4）＋ 0.2%Sr ＋ 0.2%Ce is the optimum additive of modification treatment which can fine eutectic and primary silicon also can change the form of rich-iron phase at same time. The needle form of rich-iron phase is Al9FeSi3, which is prored by X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray energy spectrum analysis. After compound modification treatment, the needle form of rich-iron phase disappeared and the fish bone form of rich-iron and rich-Ce phase that is AlsCeFe emerged. Both at room temperature and at 300℃, the tensile strength of the alloy after the modification treatment with the optimum additive is 30% lager than that of the alloy unmodified. Observed by SEM, the brittle intercrystalline tensile fracture changed into a blended one in which has many dimples.

Structures and Properties of High-Carbon High Speed Steel by RE-Mg-Ti Compound Modification

The effects of rare earths(RE)-Mg-Ti compound modification on the structures and properties of high-carbon high speed steel(HSS) were researched.The impact toughness(α_k),the fracture toughness(K_(1c))and threshold of fatigue crack growth(ΔK_(th))are tested.The thermal fatigue test is done on a self-straining thermal fatigue tester,the wear test is done on a high temperature wear test machine.The results show that the matrix can be refined by the RE-Mg-Ti compound modification,the eutectic carbides are inclined to spheroidicize and are distributed evenly,the morphology and distribution of eutectic carbides are improved by appropriate RE-Mg-Ti complex modification.After RE-Mg-Ti compound modification,a little effects can be found on the strength,hardness and red hardness,but the fracture toughness(K_(1c)) and threshold of fatigue crack growth(△K_(th)) are improved in the meantime,the impact toughness (α_k) is increased by over one time,and the resistance to thermal fatigue and wear resistance at an elevated temperature are remarkably improved.

Synergistic Promotion of Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties for Silicone Rubber-based Field Grading Material via Compound Modification

Use of nonlinearconductive SiC/silicone rubber(SR)field grading material(FGM)can improve the local field concentration of composite insulators.Adding large volume fraction and large-size SiC particles(SiCp)into SR can obtain a good field grading effect,but it is accompanied by the deterioration of mechanical properties.Compounding SiC with different shapes can solve this contradiction.By incorporating one-dimensional SiC whiskers(SiCw)to synergize with granular SiCp,SiC/SR FGM with better field-dependent conductivity,mechanical properties and thermal conductivity than large-size SiCp and large volume fraction filling case can be obtained by using smaller size SiCp and lower filling contents.The simulations of 500 kv line insulators show that the modified SiC/SR FGM can reduce the maximum field strength along the insulator surface and at sheath-core rod interfaces by 55%and 71.4%,respectively.The combined application of FGM and grading ring can achieve a complementary effect.Using FGM to partially replace the role of the grading rings,the field strength indicators can still meet the operational requirements after the tube radius and shielding depth of the grading rings at both ends are reduced by 36.2%and 40%separately,which is a benefit to alleviating the problems of high weight and large volume faced by traditional field grading methods.

Modification of Nano-alumina Surface by Michael Addition Reaction

A general method for modification of nano-alumina surface is investigated using Michael addition reaction with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.

As-cast Medium Mn Steel with Nodular Carbide Modified by Y-base Heavy RE Compound

1.IntroductionMedium Mn steel was developed be-cause the wear resistance of Hadfield steel(Mn13)is poor under low or medium im-pact and extrusion abrasion[1-4].In theforegoing investigations[2-4]we found thatwith the increase of C content,theneedle-like and network carbide in mediumMn steel increased(as shown in Fig.1(a)and(c)).Although its wear resistance was largelyimproved,its impact toughness was greatlydecreased.In order to increase toughness,along-term high temperature heat-treatmentwas needed.But the treatment caused cracks

Y Zeolites Modified by Organosilane for Toluene Adsorption under High Humidity Condition

Y zeolites have moderate microporous pore size, large specific surface area, and good hydrothermal stability, which were widely used in industrial adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but the performance of Y zeolites in adsorption of VOCs under high humidity conditions is terrible. In this paper, Y zeolites with different silica-alumina ratios were hydrophobically modified by organosilane and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET, NMR. In the experiments of static and dynamic adsorption of VOCs by modified Y zeolites, it can be concluded that the static water adsorption capacity of Y zeolites with silica-aluminum ratio of 5 and 40 after silica modification decreased by 62 wt% and 53 wt%, under the conditions of high humidity, GHSV = 15,000 h-1, T = 35°C and initial concentration of toluene C0 = 5000 mg·m-3. The saturation adsorption capacity of toluene was increased from 0.06 g·g-1, 0.09 g·g-1 to 0.15 g·g-1, 0.21 g·g-1, the adsorption selectivity of Y zeolites for water was reduced and that for toluene was increased after Vapor phase silanization overlay modification. The present modification method might carry out targeted modification of zeolites surface, provide research ideas and guidance under high humidity conditions.

Synthesis and Characterization of Lignin Grafting Modification-based Aliphatic Superplasticizer

Lignin as the main component of black liquor is generally employed to modify aliphatic superplasticizer（AFS）. However, the modification effect is hard to evaluate correctly due to the uncertain molecular structure of lignin and the disturbance from the complexity of black liquor compositions. In this paper, the purified lignin via acid precipitation from straw black liquor is used to modify AFS. The modified AFS named as LAFS for short presents lower molecular mass than AFS. It is assumed that it is due to the single active site of guaiacol segments in lignin by which lignin graft modifies AFS in virtue of methylolation reaction. In order to verify this assumption, guaiacol and dihydro eugenol as the typical segments of lignin macromolecule were selected, respectively, as the simplified model compounds of lignin to modify AFS, and corresponding products are abbreviated in GAFS and DAFS. Both GAFS and DAFS show the lower molecular mass than unmodified AFS. FTIR and TG-DTG analyses prove that lignin is successfully grafted onto AFS. The graft modification of lignin results in a decrease in electrostatic epulsion, but an enhanced steric hindrance. Therefore, although the replacement rate of lignin in LAFS was about 23.3%, the dispersion performance was only slightly affected.

体育用碳纤维合成材料的改性与性能分析

本次研究通过氧化短切碳纤维对碳纤维织物/环氧树脂复合材料加以改性处理,制备出层间剪切强度更高的碳纤维复合材料。通过机械试验机来测试该材料的层间剪切强度,并通过微观形貌观测和比表面积测试等方法来解释改性碳纤维复合材料层间剪切强度提升的具体原因。经实验研究发现,本次研究所提出的氧化短切碳纤维改性策略能够使碳纤维织物/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度得到显著提升。

有机硅改性酚醛树脂复合材料制备及性能研究

本文开展了有机硅改性酚醛树脂复合材料制备及性能研究。首先进行有机硅改性酚醛树脂复合材料的制备:将4 g甲基苯基二甲氧基硅烷溶于25 m L四甲基氢氧化铵中,然后将得到的料液添至去离子水中进行搅拌,得到黄色固体,并将其置于60℃烘箱中,设置时间24 h,得出有机硅改性酚醛树脂复合材料。再者,对有机硅改性酚醛树脂复合材料的热性能及复合材料层间剪切强度进行测试。研究结果表明:当固化环氧树脂和固化剂质量比为95∶5时,有机硅改性酚醛树脂复合材料性能最优,此时其层间剪切强度高达87.5 MPa,热失重质量为0.22 g,耐热性能更好。

碱处理改性ZSM-5分子筛孔结构对VOCs吸附性能的影响

采用氢氧化钠和四丙基氢氧化铵混合碱溶液处理制备一系列改性ZSM-5分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N_(2)吸附、水接触角测定等手段对改性样品进行了分析表征,采用固定床吸附器对比评价5A、NaY和不同碱改性ZSM-5分子筛吸附剂对正己烷和乙酸乙酯的动态吸附性能。结果表明:氢氧化钠和四丙基氢氧化铵摩尔浓度均为0.2 mol/L的碱改性ZSM-5-G-3样品的比表面积及总孔体积分别为425 m^(2)/g和0.585 cm^(3)/g,比改性前高硅ZSM-5-G-1样品分别提高了17.7%和174.6%,介孔比表面积增加8.6倍,达到317 m^(2)/g,介孔体积增加12.3倍,达到0.531 cm^(3)/g;随着碱溶液浓度的增加,改性分子筛材料水接触角减小;25℃时,正己烷和乙酸乙酯在ZSM-5-G-3吸附剂床层上的穿透吸附量分别为76.99和101.08 mg/g,比改性前ZSM-5-G-1吸附剂床层分别提高了40.3%和17.4%。改性ZSM-5-G-3样品对挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)吸附性能的显著提高主要归因于碱改性提供了更多的吸附位和介孔结构。

复合酶法改性淀粉的研究进展

酶法改性特异性强、反应副产物和副反应少,酶分子可以通过改变淀粉分子的结构或直链淀粉含量、链长、分支数量等,使其物化特性发生改变。淀粉酶种类不同,作用于淀粉分子的作用效果也不同,该文重点综述几种常见的淀粉酶作用于淀粉分子改变其结构、淀粉分子链长或直链淀粉/支链淀粉比值,进而对其结构、理化性质产生的影响,讨论几种淀粉酶复合改性淀粉的作用机理及改性淀粉在工业上的应用,以期为研究复合酶改性淀粉提供理论参考。

新型橡杜复合改性沥青的制备参数研究

为改善橡胶沥青的高温性能和储存稳定性能,基于具有橡塑二重性的可再生资源——杜仲胶对橡胶沥青的改性增强机理,以沥青常规性能试验和微观观测为手段,研究了杜仲胶与橡胶粉反应时间和温度、橡杜复合改性剂掺量对橡杜复合改性沥青(REMA)性能的影响,提出了最佳制备工艺。结果表明:杜仲胶能够显著改善橡胶沥青的性能,REMA具有很好的施工和易性和储存稳定性;改性剂掺量对REMA的性能有显著的影响,杜仲胶和橡胶粉反应时间对REMA影响较大,杜仲胶和橡胶粉反应温度对REMA影响较小。结合宏观性能试验结果和微观检测分析,制备REMA的最佳工艺参数为:杜仲胶和橡胶粉反应时间为1.0~1.5 h,杜仲胶和橡胶粉反应温度为170~180℃,橡杜复合改性剂掺量为基质沥青质量的20%~25%。