Rare neurological diseases,while individually are rare,collectively impact millions globally,leading to diverse and often severe neurological symptoms.Often attributed to genetic mutations that disrupt protein functio...Rare neurological diseases,while individually are rare,collectively impact millions globally,leading to diverse and often severe neurological symptoms.Often attributed to genetic mutations that disrupt protein function or structure,understanding their genetic basis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapies.To investigate the underlying pathogenesis of these conditions,researchers often use non-mammalian model organisms,such as Drosophila(fruit flies),which is valued for their genetic manipulability,cost-efficiency,and preservation of genes and biological functions across evolutionary time.Genetic tools available in Drosophila,including CRISPR-Cas9,offer a means to manipulate gene expression,allowing for a deep exploration of the genetic underpinnings of rare neurological diseases.Drosophila boasts a versatile genetic toolkit,rapid generation turnover,and ease of large-scale experimentation,making it an invaluable resource for identifying potential drug candidates.Researchers can expose flies carrying disease-associated mutations to various compounds,rapidly pinpointing promising therapeutic agents for further investigation in mammalian models and,ultimately,clinical trials.In this comprehensive review,we explore rare neurological diseases where fly research has significantly contributed to our understanding of their genetic basis,pathophysiology,and potential therapeutic implications.We discuss rare diseases associated with both neuron-expressed and glial-expressed genes.Specific cases include mutations in CDK19 resulting in epilepsy and developmental delay,mutations in TIAM1 leading to a neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and language delay,and mutations in IRF2BPL causing seizures,a neurodevelopmental disorder with regression,loss of speech,and abnormal movements.And we explore mutations in EMC1 related to cerebellar atrophy,visual impairment,psychomotor retardation,and gain-of-function mutations in ACOX1 causing Mitchell syndrome.Loss-of-function mutations in ACOX1 result in ACOX1 deficiency,characterized by very-long-chain fatty acid accumulation and glial degeneration.Notably,this review highlights how modeling these diseases in Drosophila has provided valuable insights into their pathophysiology,offering a platform for the rapid identification of potential therapeutic interventions.Rare neurological diseases involve a wide range of expression systems,and sometimes common phenotypes can be found among different genes that cause abnormalities in neurons or glia.Furthermore,mutations within the same gene may result in varying functional outcomes,such as complete loss of function,partial loss of function,or gain-of-function mutations.The phenotypes observed in patients can differ significantly,underscoring the complexity of these conditions.In conclusion,Drosophila represents an indispensable and cost-effective tool for investigating rare neurological diseases.By facilitating the modeling of these conditions,Drosophila contributes to a deeper understanding of their genetic basis,pathophysiology,and potential therapies.This approach accelerates the discovery of promising drug candidates,ultimately benefiting patients affected by these complex and understudied diseases.展开更多
A low-viscosity emulsion of crude oil in water can be believed to be the bulk of a flow regime in a pipeline.To differentiate which crude oil would and which would not counter the blockage of flow due to gas hydrate f...A low-viscosity emulsion of crude oil in water can be believed to be the bulk of a flow regime in a pipeline.To differentiate which crude oil would and which would not counter the blockage of flow due to gas hydrate formation in flow channels,varying amount of crude oil in water emulsion without any other extraneous additives has undergone methane gas hydrate formation in an autoclave cell.Crude oil was able to thermodynamically inhibit the gas hydrate formation as observed from its hydrate stability zone.The normalized rate of hydrate formation in the emulsion has been calculated from an illustrative chemical affinity model,which showed a decrease in the methane consumption(decreased normalized rate constant) with an increase in the oil content in the emulsion.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) of the emulsion and characteristic properties of the crude oil have been used to find the chemical component that could be pivotal in selfinhibitory characteristic of the crude oil collected from Ankleshwar,India,against a situation of clogged flow due to formation of gas hydrate and establish flow assurance.展开更多
A better understanding of genetic bases of growth regulation is essential for bivalve breeding,which is helpful to improve the yield of the commercially important bivalves.While previous studies have identified some c...A better understanding of genetic bases of growth regulation is essential for bivalve breeding,which is helpful to improve the yield of the commercially important bivalves.While previous studies have identified some candidate genes accounting for variation in growth-related traits through genotype-phenotype association analyses,seldom of them have verified the functions of these putative,growth-related genes beyond the genomic level due to the difficulty of culturing commercial bivalves under laboratory conditions.Fortunately,dwarf surf clam Mulinia lateralis can serve as a model organism for studying marine bivalves given its short generation time,the feasibility of being grown under experimental conditions and the availability of genetic and biological information.Using dwarf surf clam as a model bivalve,we characterize E2F3,a gene that has been found to account for variation in growth in scallops by a previous genome-wide association study,and verify its function in growth regulation through RNA interference(RNAi)experiments.For the first time,E2F3 in dwarf surf clam,which is termed as MulE2F3,is characterized.The results reveal that dwarf surf clams with MulE2F3 knocked down exhibit a reduction in both shell size and soft-tissue weight,indicating the functions of MulE2F3 in positively regulating bivalve growth.More importantly,we demonstrate how dwarf surf clam can be used as a model organism to investigate gene functions in commercial bivalves,shedding light on genetic causes for variation in growth to enhance the efficiency of bivalve farming.展开更多
People continue to recognize the important role of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases,and there is an urgent need to clarify the mechanism of Chinese medicine.Because of the multi-target and multi-component...People continue to recognize the important role of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases,and there is an urgent need to clarify the mechanism of Chinese medicine.Because of the multi-target and multi-component characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine,it is difficult to elaborate from a single perspective.As a high-quality animal model,Caenorhabditis elegans with the characteristics of small size and fast reproduction,has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine activity experiments.In this article,Caenorhabditis elegans,as model organisms used to screen the active components of traditional Chinese medicine were reviewed.展开更多
Model organisms have long been important in biology and medicine due to their specific characteristics. Amphibians, especially Xenopus, play key roles in answering fundamental questions on developmental biology, regen...Model organisms have long been important in biology and medicine due to their specific characteristics. Amphibians, especially Xenopus, play key roles in answering fundamental questions on developmental biology, regeneration, genetics, and toxicology due to their large and abundant eggs, as well as their versatile embryos, which can be readily manipulated and developed in vivo. Furthermore, amphibians have also proven to be of considerable benefit in human disease research due to their conserved cellular developmental and genomic organization. This review gives a brief introduction on the progress and limitations of these animal models in biology and human disease research, and discusses the potential and challenge of Microhyla fissipes as a new model organism.展开更多
The improvement of soil productivity depends on a rational input of water and nutrients, optimal field management, and the increase of basic soil productivity(BSP). In this study, BSP is defined as the productive ca...The improvement of soil productivity depends on a rational input of water and nutrients, optimal field management, and the increase of basic soil productivity(BSP). In this study, BSP is defined as the productive capacity of a farmland soil with its own physical and chemical properties for a specific crop season under local field management. Based on 19-yr data of the long-term agronomic experiments(1989–2008) on a fluvo-aquic soil in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer(DSSAT ver. 4.0) crop growth model was used to simulate yields by BSP of winter wheat(Triticum aestivium L.) and summer maize(Zea mays L.) to examine the relationship between BSP and soil organic carbon(SOC) under long-term fertilization. Five treatments were included:(1) no fertilization(control),(2) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(NPK),(3) NPK plus manure(NPKM),(4) 1.5 times of NPKM(1.5NPKM), and(5) NPK plus straw(NPKS). After 19 yr of treatments, the SOC stock increased 16.7, 44.2, 69.9, and 25.2% under the NPK, NPKM, 1.5NPKM, and NPKS, respectively, compared to the initial value. Among various nutrient factors affecting contribution percentage of BSP to winter wheat and summer maize, SOC was a major affecting factor for BSP in the fluvo-aquic soil. There were significant positive correlations between SOC stock and yields by BSP of winter wheat and summer maize(P〈0.01), and yields by BSP of winter wheat and summer maize increased 154 and 132 kg ha^(–1) when SOC stock increased 1 t C ha^(–1). Thus, increased SOC accumulation is a crucial way for increasing BSP in fluvo-aquic soil. The manure or straw combined application with chemical fertilizers significantly enhanced BSP compared to the application of chemical fertilizers alone.展开更多
This paper first introduces the basic connotation of China’s whole-process engineering consulting.Immediately,analyze the organization model,service procurement model and charging standards of foreign whole-process e...This paper first introduces the basic connotation of China’s whole-process engineering consulting.Immediately,analyze the organization model,service procurement model and charging standards of foreign whole-process engineering consulting(international terminology full-life cycle engineering consultant).Second,discuss the government’s role in the development of engineering consulting from two aspects:service management and market access.Finally,combined with the above analysis,the specific problems faced in the implementation process of the whole process engineering consulting are compared.Provide relevant suggestions on how companies and individuals respond to industry development trends.展开更多
The adsorb model of formic acid on NaX derived from TPD was discussed. It was showed that the adsorb sites were various exposed framework O2- centers bearing different basic intensity and spatial resistance. The h-pea...The adsorb model of formic acid on NaX derived from TPD was discussed. It was showed that the adsorb sites were various exposed framework O2- centers bearing different basic intensity and spatial resistance. The h-peak was attributed to O2- near S-III in supercage and l-peak to O2- near S-II in beta-cage of faujusite zeolite. The model can explain the experimental results. Meanwhile, a relative standard of basic intensity based on TPD of formic acid was founded.展开更多
The technology of three-dimensional(3D)printing emerged in the late 1970s and has since undergone considerable development to find numerous applications in mechanical engineering,industrial design,and biomedicine.In b...The technology of three-dimensional(3D)printing emerged in the late 1970s and has since undergone considerable development to find numerous applications in mechanical engineering,industrial design,and biomedicine.In biomedical science,several studies have initially found that 3D printing technology can play an important role in the treatment of diseases in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.For example,3D printing technology has been applied to create detailed anatomical models of disease organs for preoperative personalized surgical strategies,surgical simulation,intraoperative navigation,medical training,and patient education.Moreover,cancer models have been created using 3D printing technology for the research and selection of chemotherapy drugs.With the aim to clarify the development and application of 3D printing technology in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery,we introduce seven common types of 3D printing technology and review the status of research and application of 3D printing technology in the field of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.展开更多
In this paper, the online Weather Research and Forecasting and Chemistry (WRF/CHEM) model, coupled with urban canopy (UCM) and biogenic-emission models, is used to explore impacts of urban expansion on secondary o...In this paper, the online Weather Research and Forecasting and Chemistry (WRF/CHEM) model, coupled with urban canopy (UCM) and biogenic-emission models, is used to explore impacts of urban expansion on secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation. Two scenarios of urban maps are used in WRF/CHEM to represent early 1990s (pre-urbanization) and current urban distribution in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Month-long simulation results using the above land-use scenarios for March 2001 show: (1) urbanization can increase monthly averaged temperatures by about 0.63 ℃, decrease monthly averaged 10-m wind speeds by 38%, increase monthly averaged boundary-layer depths by 80 m, and decrease monthly aver- aged water mixing ratio by 0.2g/kg. (2) Changes in meteorological conditions can result in detectable concentration changes of NOx, VOC, O3 and NO3 radicals. Urbanization decreases surface NOx and VOC concentrations by a maximum of 4 ppbv and 1.5 ppbv, respectively. Surface O3 and NO3 radical concentrations over major cities increase by about 2-4 ppbv and 4-12 pptv, respectively; areas with increasing O3 and NO3 radical concentrations generally coincide with the areas of temperature increase and wind speed reduction where NOx and VOC decrease. (3) Urbanization can induce 9% increase of SOA in Foshan, Zhongshan and west Guangzhou and 3% decrease in Shenzhen and Dongguan. Over PRD major cities, SOA from Aitken mode reduces by 30% but with more than 70% SOA from accumulate mode. Urbanization has stronger influence on SOA formation from Aitken mode. (4) Over the PRD, 55-65% SOA comes from aromatics precursors. Urbanization has strongest influence on aromatics precursors to produce SOA (14% increase), while there is less influence on alkane precursors. Alkene precursors have negative contribution to SOA formation under urbanization situation.展开更多
At present, robot embedded systems have some common problems such as closure and poor dynamic evolution. Aiming at resolving this situation, our paper focuses on improvements to the robot embedded system and sets up a...At present, robot embedded systems have some common problems such as closure and poor dynamic evolution. Aiming at resolving this situation, our paper focuses on improvements to the robot embedded system and sets up a new robot system architecture, and we propose a syncretic mechanism of a robot and SoftMan (SM). In the syncretic system, the structural organization of the SoftMan group and its modes are particularly important in establishing the task coordination mechanism. This paper, therefore, proposes a coordination organization model based on the SoftMan group, and studies in detail the process of task allocation for resource contention, which facilitates a rational allocation of system resources. During our research, we introduced Resource Requirement Length Algorithm (RRLA) to calculate the resource requirements of the task and a resource conformity degree allocation algorithm of Resource Conformity Degree Algorithm (RCDA) for resource contention. Finally, a comparative evaluation of RCDA with five other frequently used task allocation algorithms shows that RCDA has higher success and accuracy rates with good stability and reliability.展开更多
This paper describes a method based on an energy minimizing deformable model applied to the 3D biomechanical modeling of a set of organs considered as regions of interest (ROI) for radiotherapy. The initial model cons...This paper describes a method based on an energy minimizing deformable model applied to the 3D biomechanical modeling of a set of organs considered as regions of interest (ROI) for radiotherapy. The initial model consists of a quadratic surface that is deformed to the exact contour of the ROI by means of the physical properties of a mass-spring system. The exact contour of each ROI is first obtained using a geodesic active contour model. The ROI is then parameterized by the vibration modes resulting from the deformation process. Once each structure has been defined, the method provides a 3D global model including the whole set of ROIs. This model allows one to describe statistically the most significant variations among its structures. Statistical ROI variations among a set of patients or through time can be analyzed. Experimental results are presented using the pelvic zone to simulate anatomical variations among structures and its application in radiotherapy treatment planning.展开更多
With the rapid development of digital earth,smart city,and digital twin technology,the demands of three-dimensional model data’s application is getting higher and higher.These data tend to be multi-objectification,mu...With the rapid development of digital earth,smart city,and digital twin technology,the demands of three-dimensional model data’s application is getting higher and higher.These data tend to be multi-objectification,multi-type,multi-scale,complex spatial relationship,and large amount,which brings great challenges to the efficient organization of them.This paper mainly studies the organization of three-dimensional model data,and the main contributions are as follows:1)A integer coding method of three dimensional multi-scale grid is proposed,which can reduce the four-dimensional(spatial dimension and scale dimension)space into one-dimensional,and has better space and scale clustering characteristics by comparing with various types of grid coding.2)The binary algebra calculation method is proposed to realize the basic spatial relationship calculation of three-dimensional grid,which has higher spatial relationship computing ability than 3D-Geohash method;3)The multi-scale integer coding method is applied to the data organization of three-dimensional city model,and the experiment results show that:it is more efficient and stable than the threedimensional R-tree index and Geohash coding method in the establishment of index and the query of three dimensional space.展开更多
Unified representation of spatial earth data is an essential scientific issue.The analysis and mining of interdisciplinary spatial earth data resources can help discover hidden scientific knowledge,and even reveal the...Unified representation of spatial earth data is an essential scientific issue.The analysis and mining of interdisciplinary spatial earth data resources can help discover hidden scientific knowledge,and even reveal the intrinsic relationship among different disciplines.However,the different description methods and inner structures among interdisciplinary spatial earth data bring significant chal-lenges to unified data management and collaborative analysis in earth environment research.To address this issue,this paper pro-poses a unified representation method for interdisciplinary spatial earth data.First,this paper establishes a general metadata model and realizes the unified description of interdisciplinary data.Second,an entity data organization model is presented,which can realize the unified organization of entity data with different inner structures.Finally,we introduce the Spatial Earth Data Format(SEDF),a data format based on HDF5 for implementing the data organization model of interdisciplinary spatial earth data.Data representation experiments and validation are conducted to verify the availability and practicability of the proposed data representa-tion method.The results suggest the powerful ability to represent spatial earth data efficiently and ensure data integrity,which is convenient for data management and application.展开更多
The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial f...The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial findings suggest that Process Design Pattern may have the potential to intuitively support ICT based lean construction. We initiated a 'Process Archeology' in order to reveal the requirements for tools that can support the planning, simulation and control of lean construction methods. First findings show that existing tools provide only limited support and therefore, we started to develop new methodologies and technologies to overcome these shortcomings. Through the introduction of Process Design Patterns, we intent to establish process thinking in the interdisciplinary POP design. Optimized construction processes may be synthesized with semi-automatic methods by applying Process Design Patterns on building structures. By providing process templates that integrate problem solution and expert knowledge, Process Design Patterns may have the potential to ensure high quality process models.展开更多
Liver is one of the largest internal organs in the body and its importance for metabolism, detoxification and homeostasis has been well established. In this review, we summarized recent progresses in studying liver in...Liver is one of the largest internal organs in the body and its importance for metabolism, detoxification and homeostasis has been well established. In this review, we summarized recent progresses in studying liver initiation and development during embryogenesis using zebrafish as a model system. We mainly focused on topics related to the specification of hepatoblasts from endoderm, the formation and growth of liver bud, the differentiation of hepatocytes and bile duct cells from hepatoblasts, and finally the role of mesodermal signals in controlling liver development in zebrafish.展开更多
A number of developed countries are rapidly turning into super-aged societies.Consequently,the demand for reduced surgical invasiveness and enhanced efficiency in the medical field has increased due to the need to red...A number of developed countries are rapidly turning into super-aged societies.Consequently,the demand for reduced surgical invasiveness and enhanced efficiency in the medical field has increased due to the need to reduce the physical burden on older patients and shorten their recovery period.Intelligent surgical robot systems offer high precision,high safety,and reduced invasiveness.This paper presents a review of current intelligent surgical robot systems.The history of robots and three types of intelligent surgical robots are discussed.The problems with current surgical robot systems are then analyzed.Several aspects that should be considered in designing new surgical systems are discussed in detail.The paper ends with a summary of the work and a discussion of future prospects for surgical robot development.展开更多
Model organisms such as Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and rice(Oryza sativa)have proven essential for efficient scientific discovery and development of new methods.With the diversity of plant lineages,some importan...Model organisms such as Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and rice(Oryza sativa)have proven essential for efficient scientific discovery and development of new methods.With the diversity of plant lineages,some important processes such as C4 photosynthesis are not found in either Arabidopsis or rice,so new model species are needed.Due to their small diploid genomes,short life cycles,self-pollination,small adult statures and prolific seed production,domesticated foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and its wild ancestor,green foxtail(S.viridis),have recently been proposed as novel model species for functional genomics of the Panicoideae,especially for study of C4 photosynthesis.This review outlines the development of these species as model organisms,and discusses current challenges and future potential of a Setaria model.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important regulators in gene expression.The dysregulation of miRNA expression is widely reported in the transformation from physiological to pathological states of cells.A large number of differen...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important regulators in gene expression.The dysregulation of miRNA expression is widely reported in the transformation from physiological to pathological states of cells.A large number of differentially expressed miRNAs(DEMs)have been identified in various human cancers by using high-throughput technologies,such as microarray and miRNAseq.Through mining of published studies with high-throughput experiment information,the database of DEMs in human cancers(dbDEMC)was constructed with the aim of providing a systematic resource for the storage and query of the DEMs.Here we report an update of the dbDEMC to version 3.0,which contains two-fold more data entries than the second version and now includes also data from mice and rats.The dbDEMC 3.0 contains 3268 unique DEMs in 40 different cancer types.The current datasets for differential expression analysis have expanded to 9 generalized categories.Moreover,the current release integrates functional annotations of DEMs obtained by using experimentally validated targets.The annotations can be of great benefit to the intensive analysis of the roles of DEMs in cancer.In summary,dbDEMC 3.0 provides a valuable resource for characterizing molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms of DEMs in human cancers.The dbDEMC 3.0 is freely accessible at https://www.biosino.org/dbDEMC.展开更多
Based on the analysis of element geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC),this study investigates the main factors controlling organic matter(OM)enrichment,reconstructs the evolution process of the sedimentary envir...Based on the analysis of element geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC),this study investigates the main factors controlling organic matter(OM)enrichment,reconstructs the evolution process of the sedimentary environment,and proposes a dynamic OM enrichment model of the Jurassic Da’anzhai(D)Formation,Sichuan Basin.The results indicate that the Sichuan Basin was generally dominated by a warm and oxidizing sedimentary environment,but with some peculiarities,such as a hotter climate in the D1 member and more anoxic lake water in the D2a member.The sedimentary evolution of the Da’anzhai Formation can be divided into a fluctuating sedimentary stage,a stable sedimentary stage and a reef-building stage.The D2a member showed the strongest hypoxia,the weakest weathering,the largest amount of terrestrial inputs,and the highest TOC content.The TOC is positively correlated with reducing conditions and terrestrial inputs,negatively correlated with weathering.Based on these findings,it is suggested that the global climate in the Early Jurassic period had a complex regional effect and the global oceanic anoxic events of the Toarcian did not spread to the Sichuan Basin.Thus,the anoxic deep water,high terrestrial inputs,and weak weathering were conducive to rapid deposition and preservation of lacustrine OM.展开更多
基金supported by Warren Alpert Foundation and Houston Methodist Academic Institute Laboratory Operating Fund(to HLC).
文摘Rare neurological diseases,while individually are rare,collectively impact millions globally,leading to diverse and often severe neurological symptoms.Often attributed to genetic mutations that disrupt protein function or structure,understanding their genetic basis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapies.To investigate the underlying pathogenesis of these conditions,researchers often use non-mammalian model organisms,such as Drosophila(fruit flies),which is valued for their genetic manipulability,cost-efficiency,and preservation of genes and biological functions across evolutionary time.Genetic tools available in Drosophila,including CRISPR-Cas9,offer a means to manipulate gene expression,allowing for a deep exploration of the genetic underpinnings of rare neurological diseases.Drosophila boasts a versatile genetic toolkit,rapid generation turnover,and ease of large-scale experimentation,making it an invaluable resource for identifying potential drug candidates.Researchers can expose flies carrying disease-associated mutations to various compounds,rapidly pinpointing promising therapeutic agents for further investigation in mammalian models and,ultimately,clinical trials.In this comprehensive review,we explore rare neurological diseases where fly research has significantly contributed to our understanding of their genetic basis,pathophysiology,and potential therapeutic implications.We discuss rare diseases associated with both neuron-expressed and glial-expressed genes.Specific cases include mutations in CDK19 resulting in epilepsy and developmental delay,mutations in TIAM1 leading to a neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and language delay,and mutations in IRF2BPL causing seizures,a neurodevelopmental disorder with regression,loss of speech,and abnormal movements.And we explore mutations in EMC1 related to cerebellar atrophy,visual impairment,psychomotor retardation,and gain-of-function mutations in ACOX1 causing Mitchell syndrome.Loss-of-function mutations in ACOX1 result in ACOX1 deficiency,characterized by very-long-chain fatty acid accumulation and glial degeneration.Notably,this review highlights how modeling these diseases in Drosophila has provided valuable insights into their pathophysiology,offering a platform for the rapid identification of potential therapeutic interventions.Rare neurological diseases involve a wide range of expression systems,and sometimes common phenotypes can be found among different genes that cause abnormalities in neurons or glia.Furthermore,mutations within the same gene may result in varying functional outcomes,such as complete loss of function,partial loss of function,or gain-of-function mutations.The phenotypes observed in patients can differ significantly,underscoring the complexity of these conditions.In conclusion,Drosophila represents an indispensable and cost-effective tool for investigating rare neurological diseases.By facilitating the modeling of these conditions,Drosophila contributes to a deeper understanding of their genetic basis,pathophysiology,and potential therapies.This approach accelerates the discovery of promising drug candidates,ultimately benefiting patients affected by these complex and understudied diseases.
基金the financial assistance provided by University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, under Special Assistance Program (SAP) to the Department of Petroleum Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India
文摘A low-viscosity emulsion of crude oil in water can be believed to be the bulk of a flow regime in a pipeline.To differentiate which crude oil would and which would not counter the blockage of flow due to gas hydrate formation in flow channels,varying amount of crude oil in water emulsion without any other extraneous additives has undergone methane gas hydrate formation in an autoclave cell.Crude oil was able to thermodynamically inhibit the gas hydrate formation as observed from its hydrate stability zone.The normalized rate of hydrate formation in the emulsion has been calculated from an illustrative chemical affinity model,which showed a decrease in the methane consumption(decreased normalized rate constant) with an increase in the oil content in the emulsion.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) of the emulsion and characteristic properties of the crude oil have been used to find the chemical component that could be pivotal in selfinhibitory characteristic of the crude oil collected from Ankleshwar,India,against a situation of clogged flow due to formation of gas hydrate and establish flow assurance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2106231)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2400303)the Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(No.2022 TZXD003).
文摘A better understanding of genetic bases of growth regulation is essential for bivalve breeding,which is helpful to improve the yield of the commercially important bivalves.While previous studies have identified some candidate genes accounting for variation in growth-related traits through genotype-phenotype association analyses,seldom of them have verified the functions of these putative,growth-related genes beyond the genomic level due to the difficulty of culturing commercial bivalves under laboratory conditions.Fortunately,dwarf surf clam Mulinia lateralis can serve as a model organism for studying marine bivalves given its short generation time,the feasibility of being grown under experimental conditions and the availability of genetic and biological information.Using dwarf surf clam as a model bivalve,we characterize E2F3,a gene that has been found to account for variation in growth in scallops by a previous genome-wide association study,and verify its function in growth regulation through RNA interference(RNAi)experiments.For the first time,E2F3 in dwarf surf clam,which is termed as MulE2F3,is characterized.The results reveal that dwarf surf clams with MulE2F3 knocked down exhibit a reduction in both shell size and soft-tissue weight,indicating the functions of MulE2F3 in positively regulating bivalve growth.More importantly,we demonstrate how dwarf surf clam can be used as a model organism to investigate gene functions in commercial bivalves,shedding light on genetic causes for variation in growth to enhance the efficiency of bivalve farming.
基金This work was financially supported by Scientific Research Fund Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0960)Science Foundation of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(GGJJ2021105).
文摘People continue to recognize the important role of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases,and there is an urgent need to clarify the mechanism of Chinese medicine.Because of the multi-target and multi-component characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine,it is difficult to elaborate from a single perspective.As a high-quality animal model,Caenorhabditis elegans with the characteristics of small size and fast reproduction,has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine activity experiments.In this article,Caenorhabditis elegans,as model organisms used to screen the active components of traditional Chinese medicine were reviewed.
基金supported by a grant from the Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-L13)2015 Western Light Talent Culture Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y6C3021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471964)
文摘Model organisms have long been important in biology and medicine due to their specific characteristics. Amphibians, especially Xenopus, play key roles in answering fundamental questions on developmental biology, regeneration, genetics, and toxicology due to their large and abundant eggs, as well as their versatile embryos, which can be readily manipulated and developed in vivo. Furthermore, amphibians have also proven to be of considerable benefit in human disease research due to their conserved cellular developmental and genomic organization. This review gives a brief introduction on the progress and limitations of these animal models in biology and human disease research, and discusses the potential and challenge of Microhyla fissipes as a new model organism.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB100501)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2015BAD22B03)+1 种基金the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2013AA102901)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201203077)
文摘The improvement of soil productivity depends on a rational input of water and nutrients, optimal field management, and the increase of basic soil productivity(BSP). In this study, BSP is defined as the productive capacity of a farmland soil with its own physical and chemical properties for a specific crop season under local field management. Based on 19-yr data of the long-term agronomic experiments(1989–2008) on a fluvo-aquic soil in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, the decision support system for agrotechnology transfer(DSSAT ver. 4.0) crop growth model was used to simulate yields by BSP of winter wheat(Triticum aestivium L.) and summer maize(Zea mays L.) to examine the relationship between BSP and soil organic carbon(SOC) under long-term fertilization. Five treatments were included:(1) no fertilization(control),(2) nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers(NPK),(3) NPK plus manure(NPKM),(4) 1.5 times of NPKM(1.5NPKM), and(5) NPK plus straw(NPKS). After 19 yr of treatments, the SOC stock increased 16.7, 44.2, 69.9, and 25.2% under the NPK, NPKM, 1.5NPKM, and NPKS, respectively, compared to the initial value. Among various nutrient factors affecting contribution percentage of BSP to winter wheat and summer maize, SOC was a major affecting factor for BSP in the fluvo-aquic soil. There were significant positive correlations between SOC stock and yields by BSP of winter wheat and summer maize(P〈0.01), and yields by BSP of winter wheat and summer maize increased 154 and 132 kg ha^(–1) when SOC stock increased 1 t C ha^(–1). Thus, increased SOC accumulation is a crucial way for increasing BSP in fluvo-aquic soil. The manure or straw combined application with chemical fertilizers significantly enhanced BSP compared to the application of chemical fertilizers alone.
文摘This paper first introduces the basic connotation of China’s whole-process engineering consulting.Immediately,analyze the organization model,service procurement model and charging standards of foreign whole-process engineering consulting(international terminology full-life cycle engineering consultant).Second,discuss the government’s role in the development of engineering consulting from two aspects:service management and market access.Finally,combined with the above analysis,the specific problems faced in the implementation process of the whole process engineering consulting are compared.Provide relevant suggestions on how companies and individuals respond to industry development trends.
文摘The adsorb model of formic acid on NaX derived from TPD was discussed. It was showed that the adsorb sites were various exposed framework O2- centers bearing different basic intensity and spatial resistance. The h-peak was attributed to O2- near S-III in supercage and l-peak to O2- near S-II in beta-cage of faujusite zeolite. The model can explain the experimental results. Meanwhile, a relative standard of basic intensity based on TPD of formic acid was founded.
基金This work was was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82270599 and 81902431).
文摘The technology of three-dimensional(3D)printing emerged in the late 1970s and has since undergone considerable development to find numerous applications in mechanical engineering,industrial design,and biomedicine.In biomedical science,several studies have initially found that 3D printing technology can play an important role in the treatment of diseases in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.For example,3D printing technology has been applied to create detailed anatomical models of disease organs for preoperative personalized surgical strategies,surgical simulation,intraoperative navigation,medical training,and patient education.Moreover,cancer models have been created using 3D printing technology for the research and selection of chemotherapy drugs.With the aim to clarify the development and application of 3D printing technology in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery,we introduce seven common types of 3D printing technology and review the status of research and application of 3D printing technology in the field of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40875076 and U0833001)
文摘In this paper, the online Weather Research and Forecasting and Chemistry (WRF/CHEM) model, coupled with urban canopy (UCM) and biogenic-emission models, is used to explore impacts of urban expansion on secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation. Two scenarios of urban maps are used in WRF/CHEM to represent early 1990s (pre-urbanization) and current urban distribution in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Month-long simulation results using the above land-use scenarios for March 2001 show: (1) urbanization can increase monthly averaged temperatures by about 0.63 ℃, decrease monthly averaged 10-m wind speeds by 38%, increase monthly averaged boundary-layer depths by 80 m, and decrease monthly aver- aged water mixing ratio by 0.2g/kg. (2) Changes in meteorological conditions can result in detectable concentration changes of NOx, VOC, O3 and NO3 radicals. Urbanization decreases surface NOx and VOC concentrations by a maximum of 4 ppbv and 1.5 ppbv, respectively. Surface O3 and NO3 radical concentrations over major cities increase by about 2-4 ppbv and 4-12 pptv, respectively; areas with increasing O3 and NO3 radical concentrations generally coincide with the areas of temperature increase and wind speed reduction where NOx and VOC decrease. (3) Urbanization can induce 9% increase of SOA in Foshan, Zhongshan and west Guangzhou and 3% decrease in Shenzhen and Dongguan. Over PRD major cities, SOA from Aitken mode reduces by 30% but with more than 70% SOA from accumulate mode. Urbanization has stronger influence on SOA formation from Aitken mode. (4) Over the PRD, 55-65% SOA comes from aromatics precursors. Urbanization has strongest influence on aromatics precursors to produce SOA (14% increase), while there is less influence on alkane precursors. Alkene precursors have negative contribution to SOA formation under urbanization situation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61404069)the National High-Tech Research and Develpment(863)Program of China(No.2015AA015403)
文摘At present, robot embedded systems have some common problems such as closure and poor dynamic evolution. Aiming at resolving this situation, our paper focuses on improvements to the robot embedded system and sets up a new robot system architecture, and we propose a syncretic mechanism of a robot and SoftMan (SM). In the syncretic system, the structural organization of the SoftMan group and its modes are particularly important in establishing the task coordination mechanism. This paper, therefore, proposes a coordination organization model based on the SoftMan group, and studies in detail the process of task allocation for resource contention, which facilitates a rational allocation of system resources. During our research, we introduced Resource Requirement Length Algorithm (RRLA) to calculate the resource requirements of the task and a resource conformity degree allocation algorithm of Resource Conformity Degree Algorithm (RCDA) for resource contention. Finally, a comparative evaluation of RCDA with five other frequently used task allocation algorithms shows that RCDA has higher success and accuracy rates with good stability and reliability.
基金Project partially supported by the VI FP and VII FP of the European Commission through MAESTRO and ENVISIONprojects (Nos. IP CE503564 and SP CE241851)Spanish Junta de Comunidades de Castilla–La Mancha (Nos. PBC06-0019 and PI-2006/01.1)
文摘This paper describes a method based on an energy minimizing deformable model applied to the 3D biomechanical modeling of a set of organs considered as regions of interest (ROI) for radiotherapy. The initial model consists of a quadratic surface that is deformed to the exact contour of the ROI by means of the physical properties of a mass-spring system. The exact contour of each ROI is first obtained using a geodesic active contour model. The ROI is then parameterized by the vibration modes resulting from the deformation process. Once each structure has been defined, the method provides a 3D global model including the whole set of ROIs. This model allows one to describe statistically the most significant variations among its structures. Statistical ROI variations among a set of patients or through time can be analyzed. Experimental results are presented using the pelvic zone to simulate anatomical variations among structures and its application in radiotherapy treatment planning.
基金National Key R&D Program of China[Grant Number 2018YFB0505304]National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant Number 41671409].
文摘With the rapid development of digital earth,smart city,and digital twin technology,the demands of three-dimensional model data’s application is getting higher and higher.These data tend to be multi-objectification,multi-type,multi-scale,complex spatial relationship,and large amount,which brings great challenges to the efficient organization of them.This paper mainly studies the organization of three-dimensional model data,and the main contributions are as follows:1)A integer coding method of three dimensional multi-scale grid is proposed,which can reduce the four-dimensional(spatial dimension and scale dimension)space into one-dimensional,and has better space and scale clustering characteristics by comparing with various types of grid coding.2)The binary algebra calculation method is proposed to realize the basic spatial relationship calculation of three-dimensional grid,which has higher spatial relationship computing ability than 3D-Geohash method;3)The multi-scale integer coding method is applied to the data organization of three-dimensional city model,and the experiment results show that:it is more efficient and stable than the threedimensional R-tree index and Geohash coding method in the establishment of index and the query of three dimensional space.
基金This work was supported by Open Science-oriented Interoperable Global Earth Observation System of Systems(grant number 2019YFE0126400)Programme of Cooperation on the Analysis of Carbon Satellites Data(grant number 131211KYSB20180002).
文摘Unified representation of spatial earth data is an essential scientific issue.The analysis and mining of interdisciplinary spatial earth data resources can help discover hidden scientific knowledge,and even reveal the intrinsic relationship among different disciplines.However,the different description methods and inner structures among interdisciplinary spatial earth data bring significant chal-lenges to unified data management and collaborative analysis in earth environment research.To address this issue,this paper pro-poses a unified representation method for interdisciplinary spatial earth data.First,this paper establishes a general metadata model and realizes the unified description of interdisciplinary data.Second,an entity data organization model is presented,which can realize the unified organization of entity data with different inner structures.Finally,we introduce the Spatial Earth Data Format(SEDF),a data format based on HDF5 for implementing the data organization model of interdisciplinary spatial earth data.Data representation experiments and validation are conducted to verify the availability and practicability of the proposed data representa-tion method.The results suggest the powerful ability to represent spatial earth data efficiently and ensure data integrity,which is convenient for data management and application.
文摘The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial findings suggest that Process Design Pattern may have the potential to intuitively support ICT based lean construction. We initiated a 'Process Archeology' in order to reveal the requirements for tools that can support the planning, simulation and control of lean construction methods. First findings show that existing tools provide only limited support and therefore, we started to develop new methodologies and technologies to overcome these shortcomings. Through the introduction of Process Design Patterns, we intent to establish process thinking in the interdisciplinary POP design. Optimized construction processes may be synthesized with semi-automatic methods by applying Process Design Patterns on building structures. By providing process templates that integrate problem solution and expert knowledge, Process Design Patterns may have the potential to ensure high quality process models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30825025)
文摘Liver is one of the largest internal organs in the body and its importance for metabolism, detoxification and homeostasis has been well established. In this review, we summarized recent progresses in studying liver initiation and development during embryogenesis using zebrafish as a model system. We mainly focused on topics related to the specification of hepatoblasts from endoderm, the formation and growth of liver bud, the differentiation of hepatocytes and bile duct cells from hepatoblasts, and finally the role of mesodermal signals in controlling liver development in zebrafish.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shenzhen Robot Research Program(No.U1613221)in part by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2017YFC0110500)+1 种基金in part by the Global Centers of Excellence Program“Global Robot Academia,”Waseda University,Tokyo,Japanand in part by the Program for Leading Graduate Schools,“Graduate Program for Embodiment Informatics”of the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology。
文摘A number of developed countries are rapidly turning into super-aged societies.Consequently,the demand for reduced surgical invasiveness and enhanced efficiency in the medical field has increased due to the need to reduce the physical burden on older patients and shorten their recovery period.Intelligent surgical robot systems offer high precision,high safety,and reduced invasiveness.This paper presents a review of current intelligent surgical robot systems.The history of robots and three types of intelligent surgical robots are discussed.The problems with current surgical robot systems are then analyzed.Several aspects that should be considered in designing new surgical systems are discussed in detail.The paper ends with a summary of the work and a discussion of future prospects for surgical robot development.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds of CAAS(2014ZL002)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2013AA102603)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171560,31301328)China Agricultural Research System(CARS07-12.5-A02).
文摘Model organisms such as Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and rice(Oryza sativa)have proven essential for efficient scientific discovery and development of new methods.With the diversity of plant lineages,some important processes such as C4 photosynthesis are not found in either Arabidopsis or rice,so new model species are needed.Due to their small diploid genomes,short life cycles,self-pollination,small adult statures and prolific seed production,domesticated foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and its wild ancestor,green foxtail(S.viridis),have recently been proposed as novel model species for functional genomics of the Panicoideae,especially for study of C4 photosynthesis.This review outlines the development of these species as model organisms,and discusses current challenges and future potential of a Setaria model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91959106, 31871255, 9173131081827901)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB38030100)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology (Grant No. 2017SHZDZX01)
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are important regulators in gene expression.The dysregulation of miRNA expression is widely reported in the transformation from physiological to pathological states of cells.A large number of differentially expressed miRNAs(DEMs)have been identified in various human cancers by using high-throughput technologies,such as microarray and miRNAseq.Through mining of published studies with high-throughput experiment information,the database of DEMs in human cancers(dbDEMC)was constructed with the aim of providing a systematic resource for the storage and query of the DEMs.Here we report an update of the dbDEMC to version 3.0,which contains two-fold more data entries than the second version and now includes also data from mice and rats.The dbDEMC 3.0 contains 3268 unique DEMs in 40 different cancer types.The current datasets for differential expression analysis have expanded to 9 generalized categories.Moreover,the current release integrates functional annotations of DEMs obtained by using experimentally validated targets.The annotations can be of great benefit to the intensive analysis of the roles of DEMs in cancer.In summary,dbDEMC 3.0 provides a valuable resource for characterizing molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms of DEMs in human cancers.The dbDEMC 3.0 is freely accessible at https://www.biosino.org/dbDEMC.
基金he Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance(NO.2020CX050000)the Research and Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Southwest Petroleum University(NO.2019cxyb005)。
文摘Based on the analysis of element geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC),this study investigates the main factors controlling organic matter(OM)enrichment,reconstructs the evolution process of the sedimentary environment,and proposes a dynamic OM enrichment model of the Jurassic Da’anzhai(D)Formation,Sichuan Basin.The results indicate that the Sichuan Basin was generally dominated by a warm and oxidizing sedimentary environment,but with some peculiarities,such as a hotter climate in the D1 member and more anoxic lake water in the D2a member.The sedimentary evolution of the Da’anzhai Formation can be divided into a fluctuating sedimentary stage,a stable sedimentary stage and a reef-building stage.The D2a member showed the strongest hypoxia,the weakest weathering,the largest amount of terrestrial inputs,and the highest TOC content.The TOC is positively correlated with reducing conditions and terrestrial inputs,negatively correlated with weathering.Based on these findings,it is suggested that the global climate in the Early Jurassic period had a complex regional effect and the global oceanic anoxic events of the Toarcian did not spread to the Sichuan Basin.Thus,the anoxic deep water,high terrestrial inputs,and weak weathering were conducive to rapid deposition and preservation of lacustrine OM.