(left, above) Designed by Cao Xianghui, Beijing Institute of Design THE general appearance of the picture is made up of three arms which are colored yellow, white and black, which represent women of different races. T...(left, above) Designed by Cao Xianghui, Beijing Institute of Design THE general appearance of the picture is made up of three arms which are colored yellow, white and black, which represent women of different races. The arms hold each other tightly, making the Chinese character nu, which means woman. The earth shown in the middle of the embrace represents the unity of the women of the world. The patterns on the sleeves represent Asia, Africa and Europe, the different cultures and traditions of the world which enriches the color of展开更多
On January 28, 1991, the Chinese Government wrote to the United Nations, offering to host the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women. In March 1992, the 36th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women grateful...On January 28, 1991, the Chinese Government wrote to the United Nations, offering to host the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women. In March 1992, the 36th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women gratefully accepted the invitation of the Chinese government and decided to schedule the conference for September 4-15, 1995, in Beijing. The theme of the conference is to seek equality, development and peace through action. The secondary subjects include issues of employment, education and health. At that time, all the member countries of the United Nations will send the high-level gorernmental delegation to attend the conference. Meanwhile, the Non-Government Organizations Forum will be held as a subsidiary plenary to the conference. The year 1995 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, the 2Oth anniversary of the UN International Women’s Year and the lOth anniversary of the adoption of the Nairobi Strategy. This conference is an important event in UN women’s affairs展开更多
It is already five years since the 10-year-old experimental law on the organization of villagers committees adopted in November 1987 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress was made permanent, end...It is already five years since the 10-year-old experimental law on the organization of villagers committees adopted in November 1987 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress was made permanent, ending an intense political debate about how much independence villagers committees should be given to manage village affairs and to what extent villagers should be allowed to choose their leaders. It is five years in which the implementation of villagers autonomy as defined by the law proceeded the fastest and the achievements were the most fruitful. Local laws Over the past five years, all places展开更多
Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 24...Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 249). The review aims to explore the development strategies of the standards, which will exhibit the considerable impact on the economy, trade and exchanges, and cooperation in the area of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods ISO/TC 249 standards were searched on the ISO website, and their title, proposed time, current stage, scope, and classification were obtained for further summarization. Gephi was utilized to portray the co-occurrence network graph of the ISO/TC 249 standards subject.Results In ISO/TC 249, there were 116 standards, including 81 published standards and 35 developing standards by April 30, 2022. Two withdrawal standards were published after revision, which were not counted in the total standards. The number of published standards has been increasing since the first standard was published in 2014, whose title was “Sterile acupuncture needles for single use”. Among these standards, 17.24%(20/116) standards were in review, 56.03%(65/116) in publication, 3.45%(4/116) in approval, 5.17%(6/116) in enquiry,3.45%(4/116) in committee, and 14.66%(17/116) in preparation, respectively. With 116 standards, most of the research focused on the medicament, as its classification of the International Classification for Standards(ICS) showed the proportion reaching 49.54%. The network analysis data revealed that the top five most frequent words were “materials” “root” “requirements” “products” and “system”, after removing the noise data, such as prepositions,conjunctions, and pronouns. Additionally, the word “system” co-exists with the terms “computerized” “coding” “image” “tongue” and “analysis”;the word “requirement” co-exists with“manufacturing” “decoction” “process” and “materials”;whereas the word “devices” coexists with “pulse” “electric” “skin” and “measurement”.Conclusion With the increased diversification and complexity of problems, the development of standards is also oriented to multidisciplinary fields to cultivate the interdisciplinary talents, and especially the international standardization talents of compound TCM. Multi-angle analysis, formulation, and demonstration of standards, in line with industry needs in different disciplines, enhance the availability of standards and the ability to serve the industry.展开更多
Objective: To review the current situation and progress of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) international standards, standard projects and proposals in International Organization for Standardization(ISO)/technic...Objective: To review the current situation and progress of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) international standards, standard projects and proposals in International Organization for Standardization(ISO)/technical committee(TC) 249. Methods: ISO/TC 249 standards and standard projects on the ISO website were searched and new standard proposals information were collected from ISO/TC 249 National Mirror Committee in China. Then all the available data were summarized in 5 closely related items, including proposed time, proposed country, assigned working group(WG), current stage and classification. Results: In ISO/TC 249, there were 2 international standards, 18 standard projects and 24 new standard proposals proposed in 2014. These 44 standard subjects increased year by year since 2011. Twenty-nine of them were proposed by China, 15 were assigned to WG 4, 36 were in preliminary and preparatory stage and 8 were categorized into 4 fields, 7 groups and sub-groups based on International Classification Standards. Conclusion: A rapid and steady development of international standardization in TCM can be observed in ISO/TC 249.展开更多
文摘(left, above) Designed by Cao Xianghui, Beijing Institute of Design THE general appearance of the picture is made up of three arms which are colored yellow, white and black, which represent women of different races. The arms hold each other tightly, making the Chinese character nu, which means woman. The earth shown in the middle of the embrace represents the unity of the women of the world. The patterns on the sleeves represent Asia, Africa and Europe, the different cultures and traditions of the world which enriches the color of
文摘On January 28, 1991, the Chinese Government wrote to the United Nations, offering to host the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women. In March 1992, the 36th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women gratefully accepted the invitation of the Chinese government and decided to schedule the conference for September 4-15, 1995, in Beijing. The theme of the conference is to seek equality, development and peace through action. The secondary subjects include issues of employment, education and health. At that time, all the member countries of the United Nations will send the high-level gorernmental delegation to attend the conference. Meanwhile, the Non-Government Organizations Forum will be held as a subsidiary plenary to the conference. The year 1995 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, the 2Oth anniversary of the UN International Women’s Year and the lOth anniversary of the adoption of the Nairobi Strategy. This conference is an important event in UN women’s affairs
文摘It is already five years since the 10-year-old experimental law on the organization of villagers committees adopted in November 1987 by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress was made permanent, ending an intense political debate about how much independence villagers committees should be given to manage village affairs and to what extent villagers should be allowed to choose their leaders. It is five years in which the implementation of villagers autonomy as defined by the law proceeded the fastest and the achievements were the most fruitful. Local laws Over the past five years, all places
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1707606)Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2022MS500)+1 种基金Chengdu Science and Technology Department Project(2019-YF09-00185-SN)Xinglin Scholar Research Promotion Project of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (MPRC2021022)。
文摘Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 249). The review aims to explore the development strategies of the standards, which will exhibit the considerable impact on the economy, trade and exchanges, and cooperation in the area of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods ISO/TC 249 standards were searched on the ISO website, and their title, proposed time, current stage, scope, and classification were obtained for further summarization. Gephi was utilized to portray the co-occurrence network graph of the ISO/TC 249 standards subject.Results In ISO/TC 249, there were 116 standards, including 81 published standards and 35 developing standards by April 30, 2022. Two withdrawal standards were published after revision, which were not counted in the total standards. The number of published standards has been increasing since the first standard was published in 2014, whose title was “Sterile acupuncture needles for single use”. Among these standards, 17.24%(20/116) standards were in review, 56.03%(65/116) in publication, 3.45%(4/116) in approval, 5.17%(6/116) in enquiry,3.45%(4/116) in committee, and 14.66%(17/116) in preparation, respectively. With 116 standards, most of the research focused on the medicament, as its classification of the International Classification for Standards(ICS) showed the proportion reaching 49.54%. The network analysis data revealed that the top five most frequent words were “materials” “root” “requirements” “products” and “system”, after removing the noise data, such as prepositions,conjunctions, and pronouns. Additionally, the word “system” co-exists with the terms “computerized” “coding” “image” “tongue” and “analysis”;the word “requirement” co-exists with“manufacturing” “decoction” “process” and “materials”;whereas the word “devices” coexists with “pulse” “electric” “skin” and “measurement”.Conclusion With the increased diversification and complexity of problems, the development of standards is also oriented to multidisciplinary fields to cultivate the interdisciplinary talents, and especially the international standardization talents of compound TCM. Multi-angle analysis, formulation, and demonstration of standards, in line with industry needs in different disciplines, enhance the availability of standards and the ability to serve the industry.
基金Supported by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese medicine of China(No.ZZYZK2013-Guohesi A)China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.Z0243,No.Z0411)
文摘Objective: To review the current situation and progress of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) international standards, standard projects and proposals in International Organization for Standardization(ISO)/technical committee(TC) 249. Methods: ISO/TC 249 standards and standard projects on the ISO website were searched and new standard proposals information were collected from ISO/TC 249 National Mirror Committee in China. Then all the available data were summarized in 5 closely related items, including proposed time, proposed country, assigned working group(WG), current stage and classification. Results: In ISO/TC 249, there were 2 international standards, 18 standard projects and 24 new standard proposals proposed in 2014. These 44 standard subjects increased year by year since 2011. Twenty-nine of them were proposed by China, 15 were assigned to WG 4, 36 were in preliminary and preparatory stage and 8 were categorized into 4 fields, 7 groups and sub-groups based on International Classification Standards. Conclusion: A rapid and steady development of international standardization in TCM can be observed in ISO/TC 249.