Geological characteristics and the origin of ore-forming materials of(Laozhaiwan gold deposit, Yunnan Province

"Golden triangle"area bordered on Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi was one of the most important Carlin-type gold deposits concentration areas.Deep understanding of Carlin-type gold deposits in Guizhou and Guangxi Province had reached through several decades studies,but geological environment was very complex in the southeastern Yunnan,and Carlin-type gold deposits produced in the southeastern Yunnan were different from that of America,few studies were taken there.Based on a large number of field work,studies on the geological characteristics combining with geochemistry characteristics were taken,and analysis the genesis of Laozhaiwan gold deposit.The types of alteration in Laozhaiwan gold deposit were mainly silicification and pyritization,and Gold grade was high when silicification and pyritization were both occurred.It could be caculated that fluid density(g/cm3)varied from 0.7 to 4.9,salinity varied from 0.76%to 0.95%and ore-forming pressure(Pa)varied from 1.81×105 to 49.96×105 according to fluid inclusion test results,showed that Laozhaiwan gold deposit was hypabyssal hydrothermal deposit in low temperature and low salinity.According to composition of fluid inclusion analysis,combining with H-O isotope,made theδD-δ18O figure,showed that the fluid of the deposit rooted in formation water and mixed with meteoric waters later.

Rb-Sr Dating of Pyrite and Quartz Fluid Inclusions and Origin of Ore-forming Materials of the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Northeast Jiangxi Province, South China

The Jinshan gold deposit is located in the Northeast Jiangxi province,South China,which related to the ductile shear zone.It contains two ore types,i.e.the alteration-type ore and the goldbearing quartz vein ore.Rb-Sr age dating is applied to both gold-bearing pyrite in the alteration-type ore and fluid inclusion in the gold-bearing quartz vein to make clear the time of the gold mineralization of the Jinshan deposit.Analytical results of this study yielded that the age of the alteration-type ore bodies is about 838±110Ma,with an initial 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7045±0.0020.However,the age of the gold-bearing quartz vein-type ore is about 379±49Ma,and the initial 87Sr/86Sr is 0.7138±0.0011.Based on the age data from this work and many previous studies,the authors consider that the Jinshan gold deposit is a product of multi-staged mineralization,which may include the Jinninian,Caledonian,Hercynian,and Yanshanian Periods.Among them,the Jinninian Period and the Hercynian Period might be the two most important ore-forming periods for Jinshan deposit.The Jinninian Period is the main stage for the formation of alteration-type ore bodies,while the Hercynian Period is the major time for ore bodies of gold-bearing quartz vein type.The initial values of the 87Sr/86Sr from this study,as well as the previous isotope and trace element studies,indicate that the ore-forming materials mainly derived from the metamorphic wall rocks,and the ore-forming fluids mainly originated from the deep metamorphic water.

Metallogenic Age and Ore-forming Material Sources of the Dahongshan Fe-Cu Deposit,Yunnan Province:Insights from Molybdenite Re-Os Dating and H-O-S-Pb Isotopes

The Dahongshan Fe-Cu(-Au)deposit is a superlarge deposit in the Kangdian metallogenic belt,southwestern China,comprising approximately 458 Mt of Fe ores(40%Fe)and 1.35 Mt Cu.Two main types of Fe-Cu(-Au)mineralization are present in the Dahongshan deposit:(1)early submarine volcanic exhalation and sedimentary mineralization characterized by strata-bound fine-grained magnetite and banded Fe-Cu sulfide(pyrite and chalcopyrite)hosted in the Na-rich metavolcanic rocks;(2)late hydrothermal(-vein)type mineralization characterized by Fe-Cu sulfide veins in the hosted strata or massive coarse-grained magnetite orebodies controlled by faults.While previous studies have focused primarily on the early submarine volcanic and sedimentary mineralization of the deposit,data related to late hydrothermal mineralization is lacking.In order to establish the metallogenic age and ore-forming material source of the late hydrothermal(-vein)type mineralization,this paper reports the Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the late hydrothermal vein Fe-Cu orebody and H,O,S,and Pb isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal quartz-sulfide veins.The primary aim of this study was to establish the metallogenic age and ore-forming material source of the hydrothermal type orebody.Results show that the molybdenite separated from quartz-sulfide veins has a Re-Os isochron age of 831±11 Ma,indicating that the Dahongshan Fe-Cu deposit experienced hydrothermal superimposed mineralization in Neoproterozoic.The molybdenite has a Re concentration of 99.7-382.4 ppm,indicating that the Re of the hydrothermal vein ores were primarily derived from the mantle.The δ^(34)S values of sulfides from the hydrothermal ores are 2‰-8‰ showing multi-peak tower distribution,suggesting that S in the ore-forming period was primarily derived from magma and partially from calcareous sedimentary rock.Furthermore,the abundance of radioactive Pb increased significantly from ore-bearing strata to layered and hydrothermal vein ores,which may be related to the later hydrothermal transformation.The composition of H and O isotopes within the hydrothermal quartz indicates that the ore-forming fluid is a mixture of magmatic water and a small quantity of water.These results further indicate that the late hydrothermal orebodies were formed by the Neoproterozoic magmatic hydrothermal event,which might be related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.Mantle derived magmatic hydrothermal fluid extracted ore-forming materials from the metavolcanic rocks of Dahongshan Group and formed the hydrothermal(-vein)type Fe-Cu orebodies by filling and metasomatism.

Rare Earth Elements Geochemistry of Laowan Gold Deposit in Henan Province: Trace to Source of Ore-Forming Materials

The compositions of REE in quartz and pyrite from the main stage of the Laowan gold deposit in Henan Province and that in quartz from Laowan granite were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry （ICP-MS） to trace the source of ore-forming materials. Meanwhile, the REE compositions of the deposit ore, granite and metamorphic wall rock were also considered for comparative studies in detail. The range of ∑REE of quartz and pyrite from the deposit ores is 4.18 × 10^-6- 30.91 × 10^-6, the average of ∑REE is 13.39 × 10^-6, and the average of ∑REE of quartz in the Laowan granite is 6.68 × 10^-6. There is no distinct difference of REE parameters between the deposit ore quartz and granite quartz. The quartz in gold deposit has the same REE particular parameters as quartzes from Laowan granite, such as δEu, δCe, （La/Yb）N and （La/Sm）N, partition degree of LREE to HREE, especially, the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, but no similarity to those from metamorphic wall rock, which shows that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid is mainly the fluid coming from the Laowan granite magma, rather than metamorphic fluid. Meanwhile, comparison studies on REE features between minerals from the deposit ores and related geological bodies in the deposit show that REE characteristics of minerals can serve as an indicator of ore-forming fluid properties and sources, while the REE characteristics of the bulk samples （such as deposit ores, granites and wall rocks） can not trace the source of the ore-forming materials exactly.

Discussion on the Source of Ore-forming Materials of the Yinan Gold Deposit,Shandong

Based on the main characteristics of the tectonic -magmatic evolution of region and Tanlu fault zone,we have discussed ore-bearing magmatic rocks petrochemistry,strontium and lead isotope,and the source of ore-forming materials in Yinan skarn deposit in this paper.The petrochemical features show that the ore-bearing magmatic rocks are calc-alkaline rocks of sub-alkaline series formed during

Geochemical Tracing of Ore-forming Material Sources of Carlin-type Gold Deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Triangle Area --A Case Study of the Application of the Combined Silicon Isotopes Geochemistry and Siliceous Cathodoluminescence Analysis

Abstract This paper deals with characteristics of silicon isotope compositions and siliceous cathodoluminescence of host rocks, ores and hydrothermal silicified quartz of the Carlin-type ore deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi triangle area. The study shows that primary silicified quartz is nonluminescent but quartz in host rocks and secondary silicified quartz are luminescent by the action of cathode rays. Correspondingly, silicon isotope compositions of host rocks, ores and hydro6thermal quartz veins are clearly distinguished. In strata from the Middle Triassic to the “Dachang” host bed, δ30Si of the host rocks ranges from 0.0% ?0.3%, while that of primary ore-forming silicified fluids from ?0.1% to ?0.4%; in the Upper Permian and Lower Carboniferous strata and Indosinian diabase host beds, δ30Si of the host rocks is from ?0.1% to ?0.2% and that of the primary silicified quartz veins from 0.3 % ?0.5 %. This pattern demonstrates the following geochemical mineralization process, primary ore-forming siliceous fluids migrated upwards quickly along the main passages of deep-seated faults from mantle to crust and entered secondary faults where gold deposits were eventually formed as a result of permeation and replacement of the siliceous ore-forming fluids into different ore-bearing strata. This gives important evidence for the fact that ore-forming fluids of this type of gold deposits were mainly derived from upper mantle differentiation and shows good prospects for deep gold deposits and geochemical background for large and superlarge gold deposits.

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry Characteristics of Laowan Gold Deposit in Henan Province: Trace to Source of Ore-Forming Materials

The compositions of REE in quartz and pyrite from main mineralized stage of the Laowan gold deposit in Henan province and that of quartz from Laowan granite were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass-Spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The REE of deposit ore of the Laowan gold deposit, wall-rock and Laowan granite also were studied to trace the source of metallogenic materials in Laowan gold deposit in detail. The range of ∑ REE in quartz and pyrite from gold deposit is 4.18 × 10^-6 - 30.91 × 10^-6, average of 13.39 × 10^-6, 6.68 × 10^-6 of the Laowan granite quartz, obviously lower to REE concentration of deposit, granite and wall-rock. The value of （La/ Yb）N and （La/Sm）N of ore minerals from the gold deposit is 13.23 and 4.17 respectively. The differences in REE parameters, such as δEu, δCe and diffusion degree in REE from light to heavy, among deposit ore minerals and granite mineral are weak. Especially, there are no differences between the chondrite-normalised REE curves of minerals from gold deposit and those of quartzs in Laowan granite, no similarity to wall-rock＇, which shows that ore-forming hydrothermal fluid mainly came from magma fluid resulting from the Laowan granite magma, metamorphic fluid in few. The results also show that REE characteristics of ore minerals in deposit are effective for disclosing oreforming fluid quality comparing with deposit ore＇REE compositions.

Ore-forming fluid characteristics and ore-forming materials source of the Tudimiaogou – Yindongshan lead-zinc polymetallic orefield, west Henan

1 Introduction The Tudimiaogou-Yindongshan lead-zinc polymetallic orefield is located in the Tudimiaogou-Weimoshi lead and zinc silver polymetallic metallogenic belt.The belt is an important part of southwestern Henan lead and zinc

Ore-Forming Material Sources of the Shizishan Pb-Zn Deposit in Western Hunan Province,China

Objective The Shizishan Pb-Zn deposit is located in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block,and its Pb-Zn orebodies are mainly hosted in the Lower Cambrian Qingxudong Formation limestone.Previous researches have investigated the geological characteristics,geochemistry and fluid inclusions of this deposit.

Origin of Negative Imaginary Part of Effective Permittivity of Passive Materials

The anti-resonant phenomenon of effective electromagnetic parameters of metamaterials has aroused controversy due to negative imaginary permittivity or permeability. It is experimentally found that the negative imaginary permittivity can occur for the natural passive materials near the Fabry Perot resonances. We reveal the nature of negative imaginary permittivity, which is correlated with the magnetoelectric coupling. The anti-resonance of permittivity is a non-inherent feature for passive materials, while it can be inherent for devices or metamaterials. Our finding validates that the negative imaginary part of effective permittivity does not contradict the second law of thermodynamics for metamaterials owing to the magnetoelectric coupling.

Development and Application of a High-Volume Recycled Powder Solidifying Material for Waterworks Sludge

Recycled powder(RP)is produced as a by-product during the process of recycling construction and demolition(C&D)wastes,presenting a low additional value.Using RP-based solidifying material can not only improve its utilization efficiency,but also reduce the cost of commercial solidifying materials.To date,this is the best solidifying material utilized to dispose the original waterworks sludge(OWS)with high moisture contents(60%),and the product could be used to fabricate non-fired bricks.This has become a new environment-friendly technology of“using waste to treat waste”.In this paper,the influence of different particle sizes and dosages of RP on the prepared solidifying material was studied.Besides,unconfined compression strength(UCS),volume stability,chemical composition,and heat of hydration,pore structure of the solidifying material were characterized.Then,non-fired bricks were prepared by using the solidifying material,recycled aggregate,and original waterworks sludge.The UCS and softing coefficient(SC)of the non-fired bricks were evaluated.As a result,the 28-day UCS of the solidifying material with optimal(M30)was 35.40 MPa,which could reach 84.37%of Portland cement(PC).The addition of RP increased the volume stability of the solidifying material.The addition of a large amount of RP reduced the heat flux and cumulative heat release of the solidifying material,while its porosity increased.The UCS of non-fired brick(NF20)in 28 days was 15.19 MPa and the SC after 28 days was 78.35%.In conclusion,the preparation of solidifying material using RP could be a promising approach and has a great potential in disposal of original waterworks sludge.

Identification of Tibetan Medical Material Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.

[Objectives]To explore morphological identification,macroscopical identification,microscopic identification,thin layer chromatography(TLC)identification of Tibetan medical material Dracocephalum tanguticum Maxim.,and provide experimental data for its identification and application.[Methods]The Tibetan medical material was identified by means of original plant,characters,powder,paraffin section and thin layer chromatography(TLC).[Results]Tibetan medical material D.tanguticum Maxim.was obviously distinguished in character identification and microscopic identification,and the TLC method was simple and feasible.[Conclusions]The results will provide the source work foundation for the formulation of the quality standard of Sichuan Province(draft)for Tibetan medicinal material"D.tanguticum Maxim."and the development of pharmaceutical preparations for medical institutions.

Origin of the Dashuigou Independent Tellurium Deposit at the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Based on the Abundances of Trace Elements in the Country Rocks

Through a detailed study of the abundances and spatial-temporal distribution patterns of Te,Bi,As,Se,Cu,Pb,Zn,Au,and Ag in the rock types of different geological epochs in the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit,and in combination with other research findings of previous researchers in this area,the authors conclude as follows:Abundances of the main ore-forming elements Te,Bi,As,Se,Au,and Ag are not high in the regional geological background,generally lower or close to their respective crustal Clark values,but almost all altered country rocks contain high levels of ore-forming elements.This indicates that the deposit’s ore-forming elements do not come from the country rocks.This also indicates that the geological thermal events that cause alteration and mineralization originate from depths and may be related to mantle plumes.Considering the distribution pattern of these ore-forming elements in the ore bodies’hanging wall and footwall,the metallogenic mechanism may be as follows:Mineralization is not achieved through lateral secretion in the horizontal or near horizontal direction,but rather through the upward movement and emplacement of deep ore-forming elements driven by geological processes such as mantle plumes.In addition,the migration of deep ore-forming elements is not achieved through dispersed infiltration between overlying rock particles,but through non widespread concentrated penetrating channels.This type of channel is likely to be the expansion structures where faults from different directions intersect,or where linear faults intersect with circular structures.

秦药形成的源流

道地药材是特定地域内品质优良且具有较高知名度的中药材,是我国传统优质药材的代表。秦药作为我国道地药材的重要组成部分,为保障人民健康、促进中医药事业发展作出了积极贡献。然而,目前有关秦药的概念、内涵、起源及其发展历程等尚不清晰。通过对相关文献资料进行系统梳理,厘清秦药的起源及发展脉络,并从广义和狭义两方面对秦药的概念进行探讨与界定,以期促进秦药资源的开发利用。

论文化起于何时

以往学界只有关于文化起源的论述而缺乏关于文化起点即文化起于何时的研究。既有的十类文化定义中,蕴含了三种潜在的文化起点观,即文化与人同时诞生,文化与生物同时诞生和文化在人之后诞生。前两种观点明显不对,后一种观点基本可以得到肯定,只是也没给出文化起于何时的具体时间。由于文化是人类创造力的果实,因而人类第一个创造物出现的时间就是文化的起点。人类创造物的种类甚多,出现的时间有先有后,不过最终可将所有的文化之物归为器物文化、符号文化和组织文化三大类。通过分别考察可知,最早出现的器物文化之物是300万年前直立人用工具制作的木棍、石斧,最早出现的符号文化之物是30万年前早期智人发明的声音语言,最早出现的组织文化之物是10万—7万年前晚期智人用制度创建的氏族社会。由此可知,器物文化在300万年前的起点,也就是人类文化的起点。

南郑区新集镇打磨沟建筑石料用白云岩矿床地质特征及成因研究

陕西省境内白云岩矿产资源储量丰富且矿种品类齐全,其中以建筑石料用白云岩、碱性熔剂和耐火材料用白云岩矿种居多。本文研究了陕西省南郑区新集镇打磨沟建筑石料用白云岩矿床的矿体特征和矿床成因,总结了找矿标志。研究结果表明:南郑区新集镇打磨沟白云岩矿床成矿规模较大,为浅海碳酸盐台地相沉积型白云岩矿床;其质量总体能满足建筑石料物理性能及化学成分Ⅱ级品的一般要求。研究结果可为本地区今后的建筑石料用白云岩矿的地质找矿提供参考。

《山海经》夏启“右手操环”解码——佩玉环的史前巨人

论文以文学人类学的视角,利用四重证据法,探讨镇原县博物馆墓葬中,史前“巨人”佩玉环和《山海经》夏启“右手操环”的文化意义。史前巨人左手腕部的墨绿色玉环,将问题引向史前的玉环与葬俗文化间的关联。通过考察多个史前遗址考古新发现情况,认识到龙山文化时代较普遍的葬礼现象是将玉镯、玉环等套在墓主人右手或手臂上。这种奇特礼仪行为模式寄托着死者魂灵升天的幻想目标和动力。以此为基础,论文转向对《山海经》中“夏启右手操环”的叙事解读。通过考古发现与历史文献相结合的方式,发现该神话叙事与龙山文化时代右手戴玉环的葬俗吻合。玉环在史前文化中具有通神和象征永生不死的意义,关于夏代开国君王“右手操环”叙事之解码长期以来真相不明,如今得到史前玉环镯葬俗的考古真相之印证。玉环镯在神话传说与考古新发现之间的相互印证,彰显了四重证据法的“物证优先原则”在中华文明探源中的独特作用。

羌塘盆地双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩芳烃地球化学特征及意义

为认识羌塘盆地双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩有机质来源、沉积环境及成熟度,本研究采用抽提分离和气相色谱-质谱联用等技术分析了双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩中芳烃类化合物地球化学特征。结果表明,双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩中存在较高丰度的1,2,5-三甲基萘、9-甲基菲、惹烯、?及三芳甾烷系列化合物等,指示了高等植物的母质来源。三芴、二苯并噻吩及三芳甾烷系列化合物的分布特征指示索瓦组烃源岩沉积于还原环境。萘、菲、二苯并噻吩及三芳甾烷系列化合物等成熟度参数表明,羌塘盆地双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩已达到成熟阶段。综合有机质丰度及类型分析,认为羌塘盆地索瓦组烃源岩具有一定油气资源勘探价值。

论生成式人工智能之于教育的命运共同体

以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能因其强大的“生成”能力而备受教育领域广泛关注。然而,不断涌现的教育组织对ChatGPT的禁止与教育研究者对其振臂高呼形成了“卢德主义再兴起”与“技术决定复升温”的鲜明对比。无论逃避还是接纳,均需对生成式人工智能作为一种技术进行追本溯源。从辩证唯物主义视角讨论生成式人工智能之于教育的影响,不仅能助力教育者以“全景式”视角审视国家政策驱动的教育、科技、人才的三位一体,更能明晰生成式人工智能之于教育同一性与斗争性的对立统一。生成式人工智能之于教育的未来必将由“协同”走向“命运共同体”的“和谐”共生状态。教育观的轴心应向“人”之向度转变;技术观的人机之理应以“求同存异”谋求合作共赢;人才观的主体应“与时俱进”以更好凸显人之主体。教育观、技术观、人才观的三位一体共筑教育未来命运共同体,方能使生成式人工智能之于教育带来的“失衡”转向和谐“平衡”的未来发展。

西藏捌仟错深部卤水层电性结构特征及成因分析

为探测西藏捌仟错深部是否存在大面积的“卤源”,理清盐湖区深部卤水的分布特征、控制因素及物质来源,开展了1∶15000音频大地电磁探测,其中包含水域物理点12个,获得了深部纵向上“高-低-高-低”4层电阻率模型。结果显示在盐湖区南部发育一组正断裂,这组断裂既可作为储水构造也可作为导水通道,形成导卤断裂带。在断裂露头处的含卤喷泉印证了本文观点。通过整理分析9口钻井资料,圈定了盐湖下方浅部卤水层的范围,并且发现该范围与第一套连续性较好的低电阻率层对应,推测该层为富水有利层。最后,通过分析卤水的化学元素成分及含量,结合新近系岩浆活动及构造背景,认为捌仟错卤水物质来源与火山活动相关。研究结果表明了音频大地测深是研究深层卤水的重要方法,证明了水域音频大地电磁(audio magnetotelluric,AMT)的可行性和有效性。