Artificially ground freezing (AGF) is one of the main methods to establish temporary support for shaft sinking in unstable water bearing strata. Domde (1915) formula based on frozen soil strength has widely been used ...Artificially ground freezing (AGF) is one of the main methods to establish temporary support for shaft sinking in unstable water bearing strata. Domde (1915) formula based on frozen soil strength has widely been used for designing freezing wall thickness. However, it can not ensure the stability of freezing wall, nor guarantee the safety of shaft construction as frozen depth increases in unstable water bearing strata. F A. Auld (1985, 1988)[1,2] presented a design method of freezing wall, which is on the basis of strength and stability, together with deformation of freezing wall. This paper, according to the practice in China, describes a "time -space" related design method for deep freezing wall. The method is based on "time-space" concept, which includes influence of excavation rate of advance, unsupported length of freezing wall and the sump state on inward deformation of freezing wall, and the allowable pipe deformation caused by inward deformation of freezing wall. Finally, successful application of this method to the large scale coal mine-Jining No. 2 Mine[3] in Shandong Province of China is presented. It saved much investment compared with F. A. Auld’s design for the same mine.展开更多
San Jiao is one of the most controversial concepts in traditional Chinese medicine.With the changes of history,the concept of San Jiao was developed into another concept,"Location San Jiao",on the basis of&q...San Jiao is one of the most controversial concepts in traditional Chinese medicine.With the changes of history,the concept of San Jiao was developed into another concept,"Location San Jiao",on the basis of"Liu Fu San Jiao".However,the appearance of"Location San Jiao"makes the concept of San Jiao more complicated and controversial.This paper will explore from the origin of"Location San Jiao",analyze the origin of its argument,and discuss the problems in it,so as to preliminarily clarify the connotation of San Jiao conception.Through investigation,it is found that the"Location San Jiao"is actually the dissimilation of"Liu Fu San Jiao",and the three parts of"Liu Fu San Jiao"should be divided by functional features rather than anatomical structure.展开更多
Since 1990s,ecotourism has gradually become a hot subject in tourism and geography studies.But most of the existing literature on ecotourism in China discusses only one or several aspects and is short of systematic ex...Since 1990s,ecotourism has gradually become a hot subject in tourism and geography studies.But most of the existing literature on ecotourism in China discusses only one or several aspects and is short of systematic exposition.Based on a great deal of literature home and abroad,this paper tries to discuss ecotourism systematically.After comparing ecotourism with other similar concept,such as adventure tourism,nature tourism,and reviewing all kinds of definitions on ecotourism,we noticed that if we want to precisely define ecotourism,we must correctly deal with the relationship between ecotourism providers,ecotourists,residents of ecotourism destination and environment.Then,we discuss whether ecotourism is a type of tourism,or a model.At the emergence of ecotourism,whether from the side of ecotourism providers or from the side of ecotourists,ecotourism is a type of tourism.But with the development of ecotourism practices,especially after the emergence of sustainable development theory,researchers are gradually convinced that with the appearance of ecotourism,a new form of tourist development model is shoped.This new model incompletely equals to sustainable tourism development,but it does make effort in this direction.At last,we explain how to apply the concept of ecotourism to the practice of China.Ecotourism begins to emerge when tourism develops to some stage.It is metaphysical by all means to apply the foreign concept of ecotourism mechanically in spite of the existing phase of tourism development in China.But regardless of the tourism development trend,ignoring the world ecotourism market is not correct,either.The right approach is to adopt the reasonable kernel of the foreign ecotourism concept which is compatible with the reality in China,based on the correct analyses of the Chinese tourism reality.展开更多
为了解决基于传统关键词的文本聚类算法没有考虑特征关键词之间的相关性,而导致文本向量概念表达不够准确,提出基于概念向量的文本聚类算法TCBCV(Text Clustering Based on Concept Vector),采用HowNet的概念属性,并利用语义场密度和义...为了解决基于传统关键词的文本聚类算法没有考虑特征关键词之间的相关性,而导致文本向量概念表达不够准确,提出基于概念向量的文本聚类算法TCBCV(Text Clustering Based on Concept Vector),采用HowNet的概念属性,并利用语义场密度和义原在概念树的权值选取合适的义原作为关键词的概念,实现关键词到概念的映射,不仅增加了文本之间的语义关系,而且降低了向量维度,将其应用于文本聚类,能够提高文本聚类效果。实验结果表明,该算法在文本聚类的准确率和召回率上都得到了较大的提高。展开更多
文摘Artificially ground freezing (AGF) is one of the main methods to establish temporary support for shaft sinking in unstable water bearing strata. Domde (1915) formula based on frozen soil strength has widely been used for designing freezing wall thickness. However, it can not ensure the stability of freezing wall, nor guarantee the safety of shaft construction as frozen depth increases in unstable water bearing strata. F A. Auld (1985, 1988)[1,2] presented a design method of freezing wall, which is on the basis of strength and stability, together with deformation of freezing wall. This paper, according to the practice in China, describes a "time -space" related design method for deep freezing wall. The method is based on "time-space" concept, which includes influence of excavation rate of advance, unsupported length of freezing wall and the sump state on inward deformation of freezing wall, and the allowable pipe deformation caused by inward deformation of freezing wall. Finally, successful application of this method to the large scale coal mine-Jining No. 2 Mine[3] in Shandong Province of China is presented. It saved much investment compared with F. A. Auld’s design for the same mine.
文摘San Jiao is one of the most controversial concepts in traditional Chinese medicine.With the changes of history,the concept of San Jiao was developed into another concept,"Location San Jiao",on the basis of"Liu Fu San Jiao".However,the appearance of"Location San Jiao"makes the concept of San Jiao more complicated and controversial.This paper will explore from the origin of"Location San Jiao",analyze the origin of its argument,and discuss the problems in it,so as to preliminarily clarify the connotation of San Jiao conception.Through investigation,it is found that the"Location San Jiao"is actually the dissimilation of"Liu Fu San Jiao",and the three parts of"Liu Fu San Jiao"should be divided by functional features rather than anatomical structure.
文摘Since 1990s,ecotourism has gradually become a hot subject in tourism and geography studies.But most of the existing literature on ecotourism in China discusses only one or several aspects and is short of systematic exposition.Based on a great deal of literature home and abroad,this paper tries to discuss ecotourism systematically.After comparing ecotourism with other similar concept,such as adventure tourism,nature tourism,and reviewing all kinds of definitions on ecotourism,we noticed that if we want to precisely define ecotourism,we must correctly deal with the relationship between ecotourism providers,ecotourists,residents of ecotourism destination and environment.Then,we discuss whether ecotourism is a type of tourism,or a model.At the emergence of ecotourism,whether from the side of ecotourism providers or from the side of ecotourists,ecotourism is a type of tourism.But with the development of ecotourism practices,especially after the emergence of sustainable development theory,researchers are gradually convinced that with the appearance of ecotourism,a new form of tourist development model is shoped.This new model incompletely equals to sustainable tourism development,but it does make effort in this direction.At last,we explain how to apply the concept of ecotourism to the practice of China.Ecotourism begins to emerge when tourism develops to some stage.It is metaphysical by all means to apply the foreign concept of ecotourism mechanically in spite of the existing phase of tourism development in China.But regardless of the tourism development trend,ignoring the world ecotourism market is not correct,either.The right approach is to adopt the reasonable kernel of the foreign ecotourism concept which is compatible with the reality in China,based on the correct analyses of the Chinese tourism reality.
文摘为了解决基于传统关键词的文本聚类算法没有考虑特征关键词之间的相关性,而导致文本向量概念表达不够准确,提出基于概念向量的文本聚类算法TCBCV(Text Clustering Based on Concept Vector),采用HowNet的概念属性,并利用语义场密度和义原在概念树的权值选取合适的义原作为关键词的概念,实现关键词到概念的映射,不仅增加了文本之间的语义关系,而且降低了向量维度,将其应用于文本聚类,能够提高文本聚类效果。实验结果表明,该算法在文本聚类的准确率和召回率上都得到了较大的提高。
