Screening of Long Cowpea[Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.ssp.sesquipedialis]Varieties in Autumn in Hunan and Comparison of Various Comprehensive Evaluation Methods

[Objectives]The paper was to screen new varieties of long cowpea that are suitable for autumn cultivation in Hunan,as well as to develop a comprehensive evaluation method to assess their adaptability and performance.[Methods]A total of 48 long cowpea varieties were introduced,and a range of comprehensive evaluation methods was employed to assess these varieties through the collection and analysis of field data.[Results]The square Euclidean distance of 14 allowed for the classification of all varieties into eight distinct groups.Groups II,III,and V belong to the autumn dominant group within this region,while groups I and VIII belong to the intermediate group.Additionally,groups IV,VI,and VII belong to the autumn inferior group in this area.Through a comparative analysis of various comprehensive evaluation methods,it was determined that the common factor comprehensive evaluation,grey correlation method,and fuzzy evaluation method were appropriate for application in the selection of long cowpea varieties.Furthermore,the evaluation outcomes were largely consistent with the cluster pedigree diagram.[Conclusions]Through comprehensive index method,ten varieties demonstrating superior performance in autumn cultivation have been identified,including C20,C42,C29,C40,C3,C14,C18,C25,C15,and C47.The selected varieties exhibit several advantageous traits,such as a reduced growth duration,a lower position of initial flower nodes,a decreased number of branches,predominantly green young pods,elongated pod strips,thicker pod structures,an increased number of pods per plant,and higher overall yields.These characteristics render them particularly valuable for extensive cultivation.

Screening Methods for Waterlogging Tolerance at Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedling Stage

Waterlogging strongly affects agronomic performance of maize （Zea mays L.）. In order to investigate the suitable selection criteria of waterflooding tolerant genotypes, and identify the most susceptible stage and the best continuous treatment time to waterlogging, 20 common maize inbred lines were subjected to successive artificial waterflooding at seedling stage, and waterlogging tolerance coefficient （WTC） was used to screen waterflooding tolerant genotypes. In addition, peroxidase （POD） activities and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents were measured for 6 of 20 lines. The results showed that the second leaf stage （V2） was the most susceptible stage, and 6 d after waterflooding was the best continuous treatment time. Dry weight （DW） of both shoots and roots of all lines were significantly reduced at 6 d time-point of waterlogging, compared to control. POD activities and MDA contents were negatively and significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficient was -0.9686 （P 〈 0.0001）. According to the results, WTC of shoot DW can be used for practical screening as a suitable index, which is significantly different from control and waterlogged plants happened 6 d earlier. Furthermore, leaf chlorosis, MDA content and POD activities could also be used as reference index for material screening. The implications of the results for waterlogging-tolerant material screening and waterlogging-tolerant breeding have been discussed in maize.

Mass scale screening of common arboviral infections by an affordable,cost effective RT-PCR method

Objective:To develop a rapid,cost effective RT-PCR method for the mass scale diagnosis of such diseases at the vireraia stage to find out the actual disease burden in that area.Methods:For this purpose,cases with the history of only short febrile illness were considered.Thus 157 samples with the history of dengue/chikungunya like illness and only 58 samples with a history of acute encephalitis syndrome(AES)were selected.Results:Out of 157 samples,42 and 74 were detected as dengue and chikungunya,respectively and out of 58 AES cases only 23 could be detected as Japanese encephalitis by this RT-PCR method.Conclusions:This cost effective RT-PCR method can detect the total positive cases that remain undetected by EL1SA method.Moreover,this method is capable to detect the viral RNA from patients'sera even after the appearance of IgM antibody at one fifth costs as compared with the other commercially available kits.

Screening Method for Transgenic Maize with Kanamycin Resistance

[Objective]The paper was to establish simple and effective method to screen marker gene in maize with kanamycin resistance.[Method]Using inbred line "Chang 7-2" and hybrid "Zhengdan 958" of maize as test materials,their seeds were soaked with different concentrations and volumes of kanamycin for3 and 4 d,respectively,the rate of albino seedlings and average seedling height after sowing for10 d were investigated.[Result]The rate of albino seedlings not only was related to kanamycin concentration,but also had relationship with solution volume during soaking process.The difference between inbred line and hybrid was no significant.When 100 ml of kanamycin solution with concentration of 200 mg/L was used to soak seeds for 3 d,the rate of albino seedlings basically could reach 100%.When 100 ml of kanamycin solution with concentration of 100 mg/L was used to soak 20 seeds for 3 d to carry out resistance screening,the accuracy was up to 84.8% after verifying the screening test of T1 transgenic maize plants.[Conclusion]The method was feasible,which could be used as a simple method for screening transgenic gene maize with kanamycin resistance.

Early Screening of Rice Varieties with High Essential Amino Acids by Aseptic Seedling Method

With 5 rice varieties( Yifeng 3321,Yifeng 3315,Yifeng 3317,Yifeng 45,Yifeng 14-24) as the experimental objects,the aseptic seedling method was used to culture the rice seeds,and the HPLC was used to determine the content of amino acids in aseptic rice seedlings as well as the total content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids and the content of protein. And the content of protein and amino acids in the polished rice of 5 varieties was detected,and the analysis of variance was performed for screening of the varieties containing high essential amino acids. The rice with high essential amino acids could be produced to meet people's rice quality requirements. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences( F = 39. 262,p = 0. 01) in the content of essential amino acids among 5 kinds of rice varieties. By the Duncan's multiple comparison,the differences among rice varieties were calculated to obtain screening results. The aseptic seedlings:Yifeng 3321(7. 268),Yifeng 3315(6. 395),Yifeng 3317(5. 698),Yifeng 45(5. 567),Yifeng 14-24(5. 190). Rice: Yifeng 3321(2.998),Yifeng 14-24(2. 627),Yifeng 3317(2. 611),Yifeng 3315(2. 503),Yifeng 45(2. 281). Based on the estimated human daily requirement of essential amino acids and amino acids requirement pattern,it was found that the polished rice of 5 varieties was up to standard.The variety with the highest content of essential amino acids was Yifeng 3317(3830 mg/100g),followed by Yifeng 3321(3770 mg/100 g).The results showed that the high quality rice variety in this experiment was Yifeng 3321.

Selecting the Technology of Sodium Silicate Modified Poplar with the Highest Performance by Fuzzy Orthogonal Method

Sodium silicate modification can improve the overall performance of wood.The modification process has a great influence on the properties of modified wood.In this study,a new method was introduced to analyze the wood modification process,and the properties of modified wood were studied.Poplar wood was modified with sodium silicate by vacuum-pressure impregnation.After screening using single-factor experiments,an orthogonal experiment was carried out with solution concentration,impregnation time,impregnation pressure,and the cycle times as experimental factors.The modified poplar with the best properties was selected by fuzzy mathematics and characterized by SEM,FT-IR,XRD and TG.The results showed that some lignin and hemicellulose were removed from the wood due to the alkaline action of sodium silicate,and the orderly crystal area of poplar became disorderly,resulting in the reduction of crystallinity of the modified poplar wood.FT-IR analysis showed that sodium silicate was hydrolyzed to form polysilicic acid in wood,and structural analysis revealed the formation of Si-O-Si and Si-O-C,indicating that sodium silicate reacted with fibers on the wood cell wall.TG-DTG curves showed that the final residual mass of modified poplar wood increased from 25%to 67%,and the temperature of the maximum loss rate decreased from 343℃ to 276℃.The heat release and smoke release of modified poplar wood decreased obviously.This kind of material with high strength and fire resistance can be used in the outdoor building and indoor furniture.

Study on a noninvasive method for rapid screening Human Serum albumin injectables by Raman spectroscopy

Human serum albumin(HSA)injectable product is a severely afflicted area on drug safety due to its high price and restricted supply.Raman spectroscopy performances high specificity on HSA detection and it is even possible to determine HSA injectable products noninvasively.In this study,we developed a noninvasive rapid screening method for of HSA injectable products by using portable Raman spectrometer.Qualitative models were established by using principal component analysis combined with classical least squares(PCA-CLS)algorithm,while quanti-tative model was established by using partial least squares(PLS)algorithm.Model transfer in different instruments of both the same and different apparatus modules was further discussed in this paper.A total of 34 HSA injectable samples collected from markets were used for verification.The identification results showed 100%accuracy and the predicted concentrations of those identified as true HSA were consistent with their labeled concentrations.The quantitative results also indicated that model transfer was excellent in the same apparatus modules of Raman spectrometer at all concentration levels,and still good enough in the different apparatus modules although the relative standard deviation(RSD)value showed a little increasing trend at low HSA concentration level.In conclusion,the method was proved to be feasible and efficient for screening HSA injections,especially on its screening speed and the consideration of glass containers.Moreover,with inspiring results on the model transfer,the method could be used as a universal screening mean to different Raman instruments.

A high-throughput screening method for breeding Aspergillus niger with 12C6+ ion beam-improved cellulase

In this study,a high-throughput screening method was established through the 24-square deep-well microliter plate(MTP) fermentation and micro-plate detection for large-scale screening of the mutants.It was suitable for screening a large number of mutants and improving the breeding efficiency after heavy-ion beam irradiation.Seventeen strains showed higher cellulase activity compared with the initial strain after the screening of plate and MTP fermentation.The filter paper activity and β-glucosidase activity of Aspergillus niger H11201 had increased 38.74 and 63.23%separately compared with A.niger H11 by shaking flask fermentation,and it was genetically stable after being passaged to nine generations.The results indicate that the high-throughput screening method can be used for the quick breeding of A.niger with high cellulase activity.

SSR Primer Screening for Marchantia convoluta by SAM Method

[Objectives] This study was conducted to study SSR primers in wild Marchantia convoluta by SAM method. [Methods] The M. convoluta genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method,and the SSR primers for M. convoluta were selected through digestion,ligation,suppression PCR,pre-amplification,SAM method and PCR. [Results] The improved CTAB method extracted a high purity of DNA; the SAM PCR method gave clear bands; and 100 positive clones were sequenced,obtaining 86 sequences. [Conclusions] The SSR molecular markers could be used for analyzing the genetic diversity of M. convoluta.

Comparison of North American Seismic Screening Methods Applied to School Buildings

An ongoing project at McGill University is aimed at developing an adapted seismic screening method for schools in the province of Qu6bec, Canada. As part of this project the ＂FEMA 154 Rapid Visual Screening of Buildings for Potential Seismic Hazard＂ and the ＂NRC92 Manual for Screening of Buildings for Seismic Investigation＂ were used to assess 102 school buildings located in the city of Montr6al. Results for both methods are in reasonable agreement, with 65% of the buildings requiring a detailed evaluation according to FEMAI54 and 50% according to NRC92. Findings highlighted the particular characteristics of educational facilities： they are low rise buildings with high incidence of structural irregularities. Accounting for them in the screening phase is essential, and is better achieved by NRC92. However, this method is largely based on expert opinion, which makes it difficult to update, while FEMA154 uses a rational methodology for calculating vulnerability scores based on the capacity spectrum approach. The FEMA154 analytical procedure allows updating and adapting the method to its use outside its intended scope.

Electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)as a Method for Screening Species of Passiflora Using Seed Proteins as Molecular Markers

Brazil is the center of diversity and dispersion of species of the genus Passiflora.Two species of passion fruit Passiflora tenuifila BRS VT(passiflora garlic)and another of Passiflora setacea BRS PC were used in this study.The plants were grown on the Embrapa Cerrados experimental farm.The fruits were washed,minimally cut and their constituents separated.Both species differed in the proportion of wet mass between husk,seed,and pulp.As expected,both species had a higher proportion of husks and seeds and a lower amount of pulp.A semi-purification procedure for the proteins present in the seeds and husks was described and the molecular aspects were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).The quantification of soluble proteins was performed using the Bradford method.The analysis of the soluble protein extracted from the seeds and husks showed that these values are up to 70 times higher for the seeds of P.tenuifila and 28.5 times for P.setacea,in the husks.It was verified that both species present a similar protein profile,observed by the intense and diverse bands found in the polyacrylamide gel,mainly in the range of 32 to 19 kDa.This work opens up an unexplored field of tracking bioactive proteins and/or peptides including forms of nanostructure systems that protect other bioactive molecules.The objective of this work was to present an analytical procedure to semi-purify seed proteins of two Passiflora species and use electrophoresis as an analysis tool for further screening of their protein profiles and selection of a molecular marker to differentiate them.

Isolating cDNA clones from rice induced by Magnaporthe grisea using PCR based differential screening method

The differential hybridization technique hasbeen widely used to identify genes that are dif-ferentially expressed.However,this approachhas several drawbacks.First,the screeningprocedures are rather labor-intensive and time-consuming.Second,the amount of phageDNAs transferred onto the two filters may notbe equivalent,which leads to an inaccurate se-lection of a positive clone.Third,isolation ofphage DNA is slow and cumbersome.Here,aPCR based differential screening method that

A Cell Screening Algorithm Integrating Genetic and Numerical Differentiation

The consistency of the cell has a significant impact on battery capacity,endurance,overall performance,safety,and service life extension.However,it is challenging to identify cells with high consistency and no loss of battery energy.This paper presents a cell screening algorithm that integrates genetic and numerical differentiation techniques.Initially,a mathematical model for battery consistency is established,and a multi-step charging strategy is proposed to satisfy the demands of fast charging technology.Subsequently,the genetic algorithm simulates biological evolution to efficiently search for superior cell combinations within a short time while evaluating capacity,voltage consistency,and charge/discharge efficiency.Finally,through experimental validation and comparative analysis with similar algorithms,our proposed method demonstrates notable advantages in terms of both search efficiency and performance.

Optimizing casting parameters of steel ingot based on orthogonal method

The influence and signification of casting parameters on the solidification process of steel ingot were discussed based on the finite element method (FEM) results by orthogonal experiment method. The range analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and optimization project were used to investigate the FEM results. In order to decrease the ingot riser head and improve the utilization ratio of ingot, the casting parameters involved casting temperature, pouring velocity and interface heat transfer were optimized to decrease shrinkage pore and microporosity. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient between melt and heated board is a more sensitive factor. It is favor to decrease the shrinkage pore and microporosity under the conditions of low temperature, high pouring velocity and high heat transfer between melt and mold. If heat transfer in the ingot body is quicker than that in the riser, the position of shrinkage pore and microporosity will be closer to riser top. The results of optimization project show that few of shrinkage pore and microporosity reach into ingot body with the rational parameters, so the riser size can be reduced.

Factors influencing HPAM solution viscosity prepared by produced water using orthogonal method

The effect of temperature and metal ion components on the viscosity of HPAM solution was studied by means of orthogonal method.Five factors and 4 levels were considered for the orthogonal design.The five factors included temperature,contents of Na+,Mg2+,Ca2+ and S2-,and the four levels mainly considered the level of produced water components in main oilfields in China.The experiment results show that temperature is the most important factor to control HPAM solution viscosity prepared by produced water.The effect of ions was in order of Na+>S2->Mg2+>Ca2+.The mechanism of each factor influencing viscosity was also discussed.Based on the actual condition of Nanyang oilfield,the desulfurization was used to improve the solution viscosity,and satisfactory result was obtained.

Plasma shape optimization for EAST tokamak using orthogonal method

It is necessary to reduce the currents of poloidal field(PF) coils as small as possible, during the static equilibrium design procedure of Experimental Advanced Superconductive Tokamak(EAST). The quasi-snowflake(QSF) divertor configuration is studied in this paper. Starting from a standard QSF plasma equilibrium, a new QSF equilibrium with 300 kA total plasma current is designed. In order to reduce the currents of PF6 and PF14, the influence of plasma shape on PF coil current distribution is analyzed. A fixed boundary equilibrium solver based on a non-rigid plasma model is used to calculate the flux distribution and PF coil current distribution. Then the plasma shape parameters are studied by the orthogonal method. According to the result, the plasma shape is redefined, and the calculated equilibrium shows that the currents of PF6 and PF14 are reduced by 3.592 kA and 2.773 kA, respectively.

Modeling screening efficiency with vibrational parameters based on DEM 3D simulation

The efficiency of particle screening was studied over a range of vibrational parameters including amplitude, frequency and vibrational direction. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) was used to simulate the screening process. A functional relationship between efficiency and the parameters, both singly and combined, is established. The function is a complicated exponential. Optimal amplitude and frequency values are smaller for particles near the mesh and larger for other particles. The optimum vibration angle is 45° for nearly all kinds of particles. A transverse velocity, V⊥, was defined and V⊥=0.2 m/s was identified to be the most efficient operating point by both simulation and experimental observation. Comparison of these results with those reported by others is included.

Mutation-Screening in Xylanase-Producing Strains by Ion Implantation

With ion implantation (N+, energy 10 keV and dosage 1.56×1015 N+cm-2), a high xylanase-producing strain Aspergillus niger N212 was selected. Based on an orthogonal experiment, an optimal fermentation condition was designed for this high-yield strain. The suitable medium was composed of 8% corncob; 1.0% wheat bran; 0.1%TWEEN20; 0.5% (NH4)2SO4; 0.5%NaNO3; 0.5%FeSO4, 7.5 × 10-4; MnSO4·H2O, 2.5 × 10-4; ZnSO4, 2.0 × 10-4; CoCl2, 3.0 × 10-4. At present, under our experiment condition, xylanase activity of Aspergillus niger N212 reached a level of 600 IU/ml, almost increased by 100% in xylanase production and the time of yielding xylanase was largely reduced to 12 h at 28℃.