Optimization of Extraction Process of Prunellae Spica Compound by Orthogonal Test

[Objectives] The study aimed to optimize the extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound to provide an experimental basis for the development and utilization of the compound. [Methods]Through orthogonal test,the optimal extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound was chosen by using the yield of dry paste and ursolic acid content as evaluation indicators. [Results]The optimal extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound is as follows: solvent dosage was 16 times,and extraction frequency was 3 times,while extraction time was 1 h.[Conclusions]The extraction process of Prunellae Spica compound was stable and feasible,and this study can provide a theoretical basis for further preparation of the compound.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Zihua Qinghuo Capsule by Orthogonal Test

With quercetin content and yield of dry extract as investigation indices, three factors, amount of water added, decoction time and decoction times were investigated by an orthogonal test, so as to select the optimal water extraction process for Zihua Qinghuo Capsule. The determined extraction process was adding 8 times of water in five herbs including Viola philippica and decocting for 2 times, 1.5 h each time. Pilot scale test demonstrated that the selected process is stable and feasible, and could provide reliable reference for practical production.

Optimization of Compound Coptis Ointment Extraction through the Integration of Pharmacodynamic Indices and Orthogonal Test

[Objectives]To determine the optimal reflux extraction process conditions for Compound Coptis Ointment.[Methods]The study employed the orthogonal experimental design method and drug-sensitive disc agar diffusion method to evaluate the extraction rate,berberine hydrochloride content,and bacteriostatic ring diameter of the extract as comprehensive indices,and optimized the extraction process conditions of Compound Coptis Ointment using ethanol reflux.[Results]Based on the results of comprehensive indices,the optimal reflux extraction conditions for Compound Coptis Ointment were determined to be soaking in 1.5 times the amount of 70%ethanol for 2 h,followed by two extractions with 6 times the amount of 70%ethanol for 1 h each time.Three verification tests were conducted under the optimal process conditions.The yield of the extract was 28.32%±0.53%,the content of berberine hydrochloride was 4.68%±0.45%,and the diameter of the bacteriostatic ring was(2.5±0.2)cm.[Conclusions]The extract had higher drug content and exhibited better antibacterial effects.The optimized extraction process is simple,stable,and reliable,and can be effectively used to optimize the extraction process of Compound Coptis Ointment.

Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction of lignan compounds from Fructus Forsythiae by orthogonal design

Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated. Optimum extracting parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments as follows: pH value of solvent at first extraction is 5.5-6.0, that at the second extraction is 7-8; microwave power is 700 W; mass ratio of Fructus Forsythiae to water is 1-12; irradiation time is 10 min, and extracting times is two. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of lignans reaches 0.364%. Compared with the conventional extraction methods, the MASBE process has the advantages of high extraction rate, high extraction selectivity.

Study on Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia

[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia and provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of V. rotundifolia. [ Method ] With the extraction temperature, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and ethanol concentration as various factors, the content of total flavonoids as an indicator, the extraction technology of total flavonoids from V. rotundifolia was optimized by orthogonal experiment. [ Result] The optimal combination of extraction conditions was extraction temperature 70℃, extraction time 1 h, solid-liquid ratio 1： 12, ethanol concentration 70%. [Condusion] The optimized extraction technology was simple and efficient for extracting total flavonoids from V. rotundifolia.

Optimization of Processing Technology for Roasted Licorice with Water by Orthogonal Method

[Objectives]To optimize the processing technology for roasted licorice with water.[Methods]Through the orthogonal experimental design,taking the water added,moistening time,frying temperature and frying time as the factors,and the content of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhizic acid as the evaluation index,the processing technology for roasted licorice with water was optimized.[Results]The best processing technology of licorice was as follows:Pure licorice slices were mixed with water and moistened for 3 h,and then fried at 160℃for 6 min.20 kg of water was added to every 100 kg of licorice.[Conclusions]The best processing technology for roasted licorice with water was established,laying a foundation for the research and application of roasted licorice with water and its preparation.

Extraction and Content Determination of Shikimic Acid in Pinus elliottii Engelm

[Objective] The aim was to provide scientific basis for development and utilization of Pinus elliottii Engelm resources.[Method] The extraction process of shikimic acid in Pinus elliottii Engelm was studied,and the content of shikimic acid was determined by HPLC.The HPLC conditions were as follows;Alltima NH2 （5 μm,4.6 mm × 150 mm） column separation;the mobile phase was acetonitrile-2%H3PO4 （90：10）;the flowing velocity was 1 ml/min;test wavelength was 213 nm,the width of belt was 16 nm;reference wavelength was 300 nm,the width of belt was 80 nm.[Result] By the single factor and orthogonal tests,the optimum conditions were found as follows：ethanol concentration 60%,extraction temperature 75 ℃,solid-liquid ratio 1：25,extraction time 2.5 h.The extraction rate of shikimic acid was 1.49%.[Conclusion] Shikimic acid in Pinus elliottii Engelm could be used as a new resource to develop and utilize.

基于多指标权重综合评分和正交试验的调经养巢膏提取工艺优选

目的优选调经养巢膏的提取工艺。方法以加水倍数、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,以阿魏酸、金丝桃苷、松果菊苷、丹酚酸B、淫羊藿苷的溶出量和出膏率为评价指标,分别采用层次分析(AHP)法、CRITIC法及AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定各指标的权重系数,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验优选提取工艺。结果优选工艺为复方中药加水煎煮3次,第1次加7倍量水室温浸泡40 min后,煎煮60 min,第2,3次各加5倍量水,煎煮50 min。3次验证试验测得浓缩液中阿魏酸、金丝桃苷、松果菊苷、丹酚酸B、淫羊藿苷的平均溶出量分别为0.0691,0.1307,0.8739,0.8645,0.2175 mg/mL,平均出膏率为40.35%,综合评分为93.35。结论优选工艺科学可行、稳定可控,可为后期调经养巢膏的开发利用提供参考。

正交试验法优化复方药王茶总黄酮提取工艺

目的探讨复方药王茶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法以总黄酮的含量为指标,通过单因素试验和正交实验相结合,以水为溶媒采用回流提取法,应用L 9(34)正交试验考察药材配伍比例、料液比、提取时间和提取次数对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果影响复方药王茶中总黄酮提取条件的因素主次顺序为,D提取次数>A药材配比>B料液比>C提取时间,优化的最佳提取工艺为药王茶与薄荷配比2∶1,料液比1∶8,回流提取3次,每次60 min。结论通过正交设计试验优选得到的复方药王茶中总黄酮提取工艺条件稳定、可靠,简单、总黄酮得率高、方法可行,为复方药王茶的开发应用提供了实验依据。

基于正交试验的套管换热器注气传热优化设计

为研究微孔注气技术应用在套管式换热器中的传热特性,采用正交试验法设计实验,选定注气孔数量(24—60个)、壳程流速(0.07—0.25 m/s)和流体温差(20—50℃)3个因素的4个水平进行数值模拟分析,用努塞尔数作为评价指标,确定出最优水平组合,并对套管式换热器注气传热优化实验进行深入分析。结果表明:气泡在液体的上浮过程中,充分干扰了原本较为稳定的流动状态,加强了液体的传热效果,相比无注气,壳程注气换热性能提高了9.45%—50.54%;壳程流速是影响换热性能的显著参数,其次是注气孔数量,最后是流体温差;换热器最优水平组合为A_(1)B_(4)C_(1),即注气孔数量为60个,壳程流速为0.25 m/s,流体温差为20℃,在该条件下计算得出的努塞尔数为134.79。

商洛香菇和羊肚菌多糖提取工艺探究

[目的]探索商洛香菇和羊肚菌中多糖的提取工艺。[方法]以商南县香菇和羊肚菌为原料,采用超声波辅助热水浸提法对多糖进行提取。通过单因素试验,对比料液比、超声时间、超声温度和热水浸提温度对香菇和羊肚菌多糖提取率的影响,借助正交试验,得出超声波辅助热水浸提法提取香菇和羊肚菌多糖的最佳提取工艺。[结果]在料液比1∶60,超声时间30 min,超声温度40℃,浸提温度60℃的条件下,香菇多糖提取率最高;在料液比1∶50,超声时间20 min,超声温度40℃,浸提温度50℃的条件下,羊肚菌多糖提取率最高。[结论]超声波辅助热水浸提法提取香菇和羊肚菌多糖是一种可行有效、节约、经济的提取方法。

红酱理冲颗粒提取工艺及质量标准研究

目的:优选红酱理冲颗粒提取工艺,并建立其质量标准。方法:以栀子苷含量为评价指标,采用L 9(34)正交试验设计法优选红酱理冲颗粒最佳提取工艺;通过薄层色谱(TLC)法对制剂中饮片炒栀子、醋延胡索、川芎、当归、白芍、赤芍、牡丹皮进行薄层鉴别研究,通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对有效成分栀子苷进行含量测定。结果:最佳提取工艺为:全方饮片煎煮3次,第1次煎煮加药材总重的9.5倍量水,第2、3次加8倍量水,每次煎煮30 min;炒栀子,醋延胡索,川芎和当归双阴性,白芍、赤芍和牡丹皮三阴性的TLC图斑点清晰,阴性无干扰,耐用性良好;栀子苷在0.508~0.544 mg/mL范围内,进样量对数与峰面积对数线性良好,线性方程为y=0.0654 x-0.7106,r^(2)=0.9999;精密度、重复性、溶液稳定性结果的RSD<3%;平均回收率为99.72%(n=6),RSD为2.34%。结论:该制剂的提取工艺可行,建立的定性定量方法便捷、可靠,可作为红酱理冲颗粒的质量控制方法。

Separation of picolines by dissociation extraction

The separation of the by-product (The volume fraction of 3-picoline is 68.472 2% and 4-picoline 26. 517 6% .) in the synthesis of pyridine by dissociation extraction wasstudied. Six separation conditions of the dissociation extraction-the kind and the dosage ofextractant and organic solvent, the concentration of the extractant and separation temperature-wereinvestigated. Different levels of each factor were chosen to form an orthogonal test of six factorsand five levels. The results show that the volume ratio of 3-picoline and 4-picoline in organicphase is the highest when 24 mL picolines are separated at 0 t by 2. 0 mol/L p-toluenesulfonic andn-heptane whose dosages are 40 mL and 48 mL, respectively. The effect of the separation isconsiderably improved with repetition test. This process of dissociation extraction has commendablepotential for industrial exploitation.

Optimization of Smashing Tissue Extraction Technology of Schisandra chinensis Fruits by Orthogonal Test

Objective To optimize the extract technology of active lignins from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis. Methods The content of schizandrin, gomisin A, and deoxyschizandrin were selected as standards to evaluate the efficiency of smashing tissue extraction (STE). Solid-liquid ratio, extracting times, ethanol concentration, and extracting time were investigated through orthogonal test. Results The optimized conditions for STE were ten times amount of 80% EtOH, extracting for three times, and 2 min for each time. Conclusion STE could obtain relatively higher yield, simplicity of operation, and benefit for environment protection. It could be better choice for the extraction of S. chinensis.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Ajuga nipponensis extract by ultrasonic-assisted extraction

Objective: To investigate suitable condition for extraction of the active components from Ajuga nipponensis(A. nipponensis). Methods: Orthogonal experimental design was used to determine the optimal extraction parameters for ecdysterones and flavonoids. Finally, the hepatoprotective abilities of A. nipponensis extracts were evaluated by CCl_4-induced animal models. Results:Maximum yields of flavonoids(7.87±0.10) mg/g and ecdysterones(0.73±0.02) mg/g could be obtained when the extraction time was 50 min, the extraction temperature was 60 ℃, and the ratio of sample to 70%(v/v) ethanol was 1:20(w/w). The antioxidant property of A. nipponensis was correlated to the concentration of its extracts. At 5 mg/m L, A. nipponensisextract scavenged 84.8% of DPPH radical and had absorbance values of 2.43±0.04 reducing power. Upon CCl_4-induced liver injury, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased significantly after the mice were treated with A. nipponensis. Histological researches also explained that A. nipponensis reduced the extent of liver lesions induced by CCl_4. Conclusions: A. nipponensis exhibited potent antioxidant activity in chemical experimental models and hepatoprotective effect against CCl_4-induced liver damage.

Study on Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum

[Objective] The aim was to study the optimum extraction process of polysaccharide from chrysanthemum.[Method] By dint of orthogonal and single-factor experiments,the influences of microwave efficiency,extraction time,and liquid ratio on the extraction rate of polysaccharides from chrysanthemum were studied.The optimum operation condition by microwave extraction method was determined and was compared with that by traditional extraction method.[Result] The optimum extraction conditions were:800 W,1:15(solid-liquid ratio),and 15 min.The polysaccharides extraction yield under such optimum condition was 5.59%.The extraction yield of impregnation was generally about 2.73%.[Conclusion] Compared with the traditional extraction method,the microwave extraction was simple,convenient,energy saving,and efficient,and was suitable for industrial extraction of polysaccharide.

The extraction of pigments from fresh Laminaria japonica

The pigments in Laminaria japonica was extracted with six organic solvents and analyzed in spectroscopy analysis. The extractions conditions were screened by an orthogonal test and the quantity of extracted pigments was determined spectroscopically. The results show that: (1) among the six organic solvents, acetone was the most effective one for the extraction; (2) the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of S/M (solvent volume/material weight) was 30 ml/g; fresh seaweed was extracted 2 times in 2h; (3) the average total content of pigments was 1.85 mg/g (calculated with dry L. japonica).

Study on the Technological Conditions of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ajuga ciliata Bunge (Fujian)

[Objectives]To determine the optimum technological conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Ajuga ciliata Bunge.[Methods]In this study,Ajuga ciliata Bunge was used as raw material,and an orthogonal experiment was designed based on the single factor experiment to investigate the effects of ultrasonic time,solid-liquid ratio,ultrasonic temperature and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of polysaccharides from A.ciliata Bunge(Fujian).Range analysis,variance analysis and SSR test of significant differences between groups were carried out with SPSS 20.0,and the test results were verified.[Results]Under the conditions of ultrasonic temperature of 85℃,ultrasonic time of 80 min,solid-liquid ratio of 1∶15 g/mL and ultrasonic power of 500 W,the yield of polysaccharides from A.ciliata Bunge(Fujian)was the best.[Conclusions]This study can provide theoretical basis for the application of A.ciliata Bunge(Fujian).

Compound fabrication technology of semi-solid billet of Al-Si alloy based on SIMA method

Based on SIMA, the Al-Si alloy semi-solid billets were successfully fabricated by means of strain inducement and isothermal treatment for AlSi9Mg poured in the range of near-liquidus. Through orthogonal test, the effects of combination action of near-liquidus casting, strain inducement and isothermal treatment on the morphology of primaryα-Al phase of AlSi9Mg close to eutectic point were investigated, and the optimal match relation between the processing parameters of solidification, deformation parameters of strain inducement, processing parameters of isothermal treatment and microstructure parameters of semi-solid alloy was established. The results indicate that compared with the single near-liquidus casting or SIMA, the microstructure of primaryα-Al phase in AlSi9Mg alloy prepared by compound fabrication process is more homogeneous, with more globular and finer particles, which has average grain size of 40-50 urn and shape factor of greater than 0.75. After holding at 605℃for 30-40 min under a certain cooling rate, increased deformation volume in SIMA benefits the refinement of the grain and the improvement of the morphology for primary phase.

Probability Simulation Optimization Approach Using Orthogonal Genetic Algorithm

In order to solve the complex optimization problem dealing with uncertain phenomenon effectively, this paper presents a probability simulation optimization approach using orthogonal genetic algorithm. This approach synthesizes the computer simulation technology, orthogonal genetic algorithm and statistical test method faultlessly, which can solve complex optimization problem effectively. In this paper, the author gives the correlative conception of probability simulation optimization and describes the probability simulation optimization approach using orthogonal genetic algorithm in detail. Theoretically speaking, it has a strong rationality and maneuverability that can apply probability method in solving the complex optimization problems with uncertain phenomenon. In demonstration, the optimization performance of this method is better than other traditional methods. Simulation resuh suggests that the approach referred to this paper is feasible, correct and valid.