When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water,the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics.In the relevant research on reducing the navig...When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water,the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics.In the relevant research on reducing the navigation resistance of amphibious vehicles by adjusting the angle of the anti-wave plate,there is a lack of scientific selection of parameters and reasonable research of simulation results by using mathematical methods,and the influence of the center of gravity position on navigation characteristics is not considered at the same time.To study the influence of the combinations of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity on the resistance reduction characteristics,a numerical calculation model of the amphibious unmanned vehicle was established by using the theory of computational fluid dynamics,and the experimental data verified the correctness of the numerical model.Based on this numerical model,the navigation characteristics of the amphibious unmanned vehicle were studied when the center of gravity was located at different positions,and the orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the parameters of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity.The results show that through the parameter optimization analysis based on the orthogonal experimental method,the combination of the optimal angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity is obtained.And the numerical simulation result of resistance is consistent with the predicted optimal solution.Compared with the maximum navigational resistance,the parameter optimization reduces the navigational resistance of the amphibious unmanned vehicle by 24%.展开更多
As a new bionic algorithm,Spider Monkey Optimization(SMO)has been widely used in various complex optimization problems in recent years.However,the new space exploration power of SMO is limited and the diversity of the...As a new bionic algorithm,Spider Monkey Optimization(SMO)has been widely used in various complex optimization problems in recent years.However,the new space exploration power of SMO is limited and the diversity of the population in SMO is not abundant.Thus,this paper focuses on how to reconstruct SMO to improve its performance,and a novel spider monkey optimization algorithm with opposition-based learning and orthogonal experimental design(SMO^(3))is developed.A position updatingmethod based on the historical optimal domain and particle swarmfor Local Leader Phase(LLP)andGlobal Leader Phase(GLP)is presented to improve the diversity of the population of SMO.Moreover,an opposition-based learning strategy based on self-extremum is proposed to avoid suffering from premature convergence and getting stuck at locally optimal values.Also,a local worst individual elimination method based on orthogonal experimental design is used for helping the SMO algorithm eliminate the poor individuals in time.Furthermore,an extended SMO^(3)named CSMO^(3)is investigated to deal with constrained optimization problems.The proposed algorithm is applied to both unconstrained and constrained functions which include the CEC2006 benchmark set and three engineering problems.Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than three well-known SMO algorithms and other evolutionary algorithms in unconstrained and constrained problems.展开更多
Security monitoring system of coal mines is indispensable to ensure the safe and efficient production of colliery. Due to the special and narrow underground field of the coal mine, the electromagnetic interference can...Security monitoring system of coal mines is indispensable to ensure the safe and efficient production of colliery. Due to the special and narrow underground field of the coal mine, the electromagnetic interference can cause a series of misstatements and false positives on the monitoring system, which will severely hamper the safe production of coal industry. In this paper, first, the frequency characteristics of the interference source on the power line are extracted when equipment runs normally. Then the finite difference time domain method is introduced to analyze the effects of the electromagnetic interference parameters on the security monitoring signal line. And the interference voltage of the two terminal sides on the single line is taken as evaluating indexes. Finally, the electromagnetic interference parameters are optimized by orthogonal experimental design based on the MATLAB simulation on the normal operation of equipment.展开更多
Cavitation is one of the most important performance of centrifugal pumps. However, the current optimization works of centrifugal pump are mostly focusing on hydraulic efficiency only, which may result in poor cavitati...Cavitation is one of the most important performance of centrifugal pumps. However, the current optimization works of centrifugal pump are mostly focusing on hydraulic efficiency only, which may result in poor cavitation performance. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate solution to improve cavitation performance with acceptable efficiency. In this paper, to improve the cavitation performance of a centrifugal pump with a vaned diffuser, the influence of impeller geometric parameters on the cavitation of the pump is investigated using the orthogonal design of experiment (DOE) based on computational fluid dynamics. The impeller inlet diameter D1, inlet incidence angle Aft, and blade wrap angle ~0 are selected as the main impeller geometric parameters and the orthogonal experiment of L9(3"3) is performed. Three-dimensional steady simulations for cavitation are conducted by using constant gas mass fraction model with second-order upwind, and the predicated cavitation performance is validated by laboratory experiment. The optimization results are obtained by the range analysis method to improve cavitation performance without obvious decreasing the efficiency of the centrifugal pump. The internal flow of the pump is analyzed in order to identify the flow behavior that can affect cavitation performance. The results show that D1 has the greatest influence on the pump cavitation and the final optimized impeller provides better flow distribution at blade leading edge. The final optimized impeller accomplishes better cavitation and hydraulic performance and the NPSHR decreases by 0.63m compared with the original one. The presented work supplies a feasible route in engineering practice to optimize a centrifugal pump impeller for better cavitation performance.展开更多
The inverse heat conduction method is one of methods to identify the casting simulation parameters. A new inverse method was presented according to the Tikhonov regularization theory. One appropriate regularized funct...The inverse heat conduction method is one of methods to identify the casting simulation parameters. A new inverse method was presented according to the Tikhonov regularization theory. One appropriate regularized functional was established, and the functional was solved by the sensitivity coefficient and Newtonaphson iteration method. Moreover, the orthogonal experimental design was used to estimate the appropriate initial value and variation domain of each variable to decrease the number of iteration and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. It illustrated a detailed case of AlSiTMg sand mold casting and the temperature measurement experiment was done. The physical properties of sand mold and the interracial heat transfer coefficient were identified at the meantime. The results indicated that the new regularization method was efficient in overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse heat conduction problem and improving the stability and accuracy of the solutions.展开更多
In order to improve the properties of the nickel?zinc battery and study the effects of the additives on performance of zinc electrode, 3 levels and 4 factors (acetylene black, Bi2O3, PbO, Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O coated...In order to improve the properties of the nickel?zinc battery and study the effects of the additives on performance of zinc electrode, 3 levels and 4 factors (acetylene black, Bi2O3, PbO, Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O coated by La(OH)3 ) that affect the zinc electrode were tested with orthogonal design experiments. The charge?discharge experiments of zinc electrode made up of only zinc oxide were done in 20% KOH solution to investigate the function of the additive. In order to better understand the discharge capability attenuation of electrode, the ratios of zinc to calcium in the worst sample and the best sample of the orthogonal design test were analyzed. The samples were characterized by charge?discharge cycling, phase structure analysis, cyclic voltammetry and X-ray diffraction. Experimental evidences indicate that the optimum ratio of electrode additive is as follows: 0.02 g acetylene black, 0.5 g Bi2O3, 0.3 g PbO and 0.2 g Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O coated with La(OH)3 in 5 g sample.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal technology for en- zymolysis of jeUyfish brain protein by bromefain. [Method] Effects of enzymolysis temperature, the amount of added enzyme, solid/liquid ratio,...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal technology for en- zymolysis of jeUyfish brain protein by bromefain. [Method] Effects of enzymolysis temperature, the amount of added enzyme, solid/liquid ratio, enzymolysis time and pH on the enzymolysis of total protein were investigated through single factor ex- periments, and some technical parameters were optimized by orthogonal experi- ments. [Result] The results revealed that enzymolysis temperature of 55℃, the amount of added enzyme of 4 000 U/g, solid/liquid ratio of 1:4, the amount of added enzyme time for 5 h and pH 7 were the optimal combination of parameters for the enzymolysis; the average degree of hydrolysis obtained from the verification tests was 36.9%, indicating that the optimized results of the orthogonal experiment were credible. [Conclusion] This study provides the optimized conditions reliable theo- retical foundation and technical support for the exploitation and utilization of jellyfish resources as medicines or functional food in China.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the PCR amplification conditions for random ssDNA pool in SELEX technology. [Method] L16(45) orthogonal experimental design was adopted for optimization of five important fac...[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the PCR amplification conditions for random ssDNA pool in SELEX technology. [Method] L16(45) orthogonal experimental design was adopted for optimization of five important factors affecting PCR reaction system for random single-stranded DNA pool including Mg2+ concentration, dNTP concentration, amount of Taq DNA polymerase, primer concentration and amount of random single-stranded DNA pool at four levels. Meanwhile, the annealing temperature and number of PCR reaction cycles were optimized to establish the optimal reaction system and PCR procedure. [Result] The optimal combination of PCR reaction system for random ssDNA pool was obtained, with a total system volume of 20 μl containing 2.0 μl of 10 × Buffer, 0.5 ng of random ssDNA pool, 2.5 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.25 mmol/L dNTP Mixture, 0.6 μmol/L upstream and downstream primers and 1.5 U of Taq DNA polymerase; the optimal annealing temperature was 68 ℃ and the optimal number of cycles was 12. Under the above conditions, clear and stable bands with high specificity for random ssDNA pool were amplified. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for selection of parameters with higher specificity in SELEX technology.展开更多
The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerod...The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads:the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system(consequently the contact relations),the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.展开更多
The plasma-MIG welding torch was developed.5A06 aluminum alloys with V-grooves were welded in a single pass in the plasma-MIG welding process and the joints were examined by X-ray diffractometry analysis and mechanica...The plasma-MIG welding torch was developed.5A06 aluminum alloys with V-grooves were welded in a single pass in the plasma-MIG welding process and the joints were examined by X-ray diffractometry analysis and mechanical tests.The orthogonal experimental design was used to study the influence of plasma-MIG welding parameters on the aluminum weld porosity.The mixed orthogonal matrix L16(4 4×2 3) and analysis of variance (ANOVA)technique were employed to optimize the welding parameters.The experimental results indicate that the effect of plasma gas flow rate is dominant,the secondary factors are MIG welding voltage,welding speed,wire feed rate and plasma current in turn.Confirmation experiments were conducted under optimum conditions and there was almost no porosity in the welded joints,thus good mechanical performance joints were obtained.展开更多
An integer linear bilevel programming problem is firstly transformed into a binary linear bilevel programming problem, and then converted into a single-level binary implicit programming. An orthogonal genetic algorith...An integer linear bilevel programming problem is firstly transformed into a binary linear bilevel programming problem, and then converted into a single-level binary implicit programming. An orthogonal genetic algorithm is developed for solving the binary linear implicit programming problem based on the orthogonal design. The orthogonal design with the factor analysis, an experimental design method is applied to the genetic algorithm to make the algorithm more robust, statistical y sound and quickly convergent. A crossover operator formed by the orthogonal array and the factor analysis is presented. First, this crossover operator can generate a smal but representative sample of points as offspring. After al of the better genes of these offspring are selected, a best combination among these offspring is then generated. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to increase the expression level of immun- odominant membrane protein gene (Imp) of phytoplasmas in E. coil BL21 (DE3). [Method] On the basis of orthogonal experiment, effects of diffe...[Objective] This study aimed to increase the expression level of immun- odominant membrane protein gene (Imp) of phytoplasmas in E. coil BL21 (DE3). [Method] On the basis of orthogonal experiment, effects of different culture conditions on recombinant bacteria E. coil BL21-pET-28a(+)-Imp were investigated. Based on the obtained optimal culture condition, effects of different induction conditions on the ex- pression level of Imp protein were explored. The expression level of Imp fusion pro- tein was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and Gene Tools software. [Result] The re- sults showed that the optimal conditions for culture were at 37℃, pH 7.0, with liq- uid volume of 20% and oscillation speed of 200 r/min, for induction were at 37℃ for 6 h, with initial OD600 of about 1.5 and IPTG final concentration of 0.1 mmol/L. [Conclusion] The expression level of Imp achieved 70.98 mg/L under the optimal conditions. Optimized conditions for expression of Imp fusion protein in E. coil were determined.展开更多
A quadratic bilevel programming problem is transformed into a single level complementarity slackness problem by applying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT) conditions.To cope with the complementarity constraints,a binary encod...A quadratic bilevel programming problem is transformed into a single level complementarity slackness problem by applying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT) conditions.To cope with the complementarity constraints,a binary encoding scheme is adopted for KKT multipliers,and then the complementarity slackness problem is simplified to successive quadratic programming problems,which can be solved by many algorithms available.Based on 0-1 binary encoding,an orthogonal genetic algorithm,in which the orthogonal experimental design with both two-level orthogonal array and factor analysis is used as crossover operator,is proposed.Numerical experiments on 10 benchmark examples show that the orthogonal genetic algorithm can find global optimal solutions of quadratic bilevel programming problems with high accuracy in a small number of iterations.展开更多
For the purpose of reducing the volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage variation, the process in injection molding of aspheric plastic lens was simulated, and several process parameters which include holding pr...For the purpose of reducing the volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage variation, the process in injection molding of aspheric plastic lens was simulated, and several process parameters which include holding pressure, melt temperature, mold temperature, fill time, holding pressure time and cooling time were optimized by using an orthogonal experimental design method. Finally, the optimum process parameters and the influence degree of process parameters on the average volumetric shrinkage and the volumetric shrinkage variation are obtained.展开更多
Aiming at the independent development of tracked vehicles,it is urgent to improve its mobility,passability and ride comfort,a new type of flexible road wheel with a“wheel-hinge-hub”combined structure is proposed in ...Aiming at the independent development of tracked vehicles,it is urgent to improve its mobility,passability and ride comfort,a new type of flexible road wheel with a“wheel-hinge-hub”combined structure is proposed in this study.The vibration model characteristics of the flexible road wheel were studied by the combination of numerical simulation and experiments.The superelasticity of rubber is obtained through uniaxial tensile experiment of the material and a detail three-dimensional nolinear finite element model of the flexible road wheel is established through finite element software ABAQUS.The free vibration equation of the flexible road wheel is solved by Lanczos vector direct superposition method,and its predicted modes and natural frequencies are compared with experimental results,which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the established finite element model.On this basis,the effects of various key structural or material factors on the natural frequencies of the flexible road wheel are studied using orthogonal experimental design method.Besides,the vibration modal characteristics of the flexible road wheel are also compared with those of the rigid road wheel.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the vibration and noise reduction of flexible road wheel.展开更多
The purification and separation of durene from the mixture containing durene isomers were studied.Since the boiling points of tetramethyl benzene isomers are very close but their melting points are of great difference...The purification and separation of durene from the mixture containing durene isomers were studied.Since the boiling points of tetramethyl benzene isomers are very close but their melting points are of great differences,static melt crystallization was applied to separate and purify durene from its isomers.Crystallization experiments were carried out under various operating conditions.The effects of cooling rate,crystallization temperature,sweating temperature and sweating time on the yield and purity of crystal were investigated.Orthogonal experimental design method was adopted to analyze the factors that may affect the yield of durene.Under the optimal crystallization conditions,the purity of durene could reach as high as 99.06%with the yield of 75.3%through one crystallization process.By fitting purification data based on sweating time in isothermal operations,the purification rate coefficient was obtained.展开更多
The study on raising of strong tomato seedlings in high-temperature season is of great practical significance,because high-temperature condition in summer and autumn causes excessive growth of tomato seedlings easily....The study on raising of strong tomato seedlings in high-temperature season is of great practical significance,because high-temperature condition in summer and autumn causes excessive growth of tomato seedlings easily. ‘Fenniya'variety was selected as an experimental material,an orthogonal experiment was designed with rhizospheric temperature( A),light intensity( B) and nutrient salt concentration( C) as three factors which were designed with three levels,so as to study the effects of different treatments on root activity,strong seedling index,hypocotyl length and average internode length. The results showed that the most important factor for tomato seedling's root activity,hypocotyl length and internode length was nutrient salt concentration. In terms of effect on seedling index,substrate temperature should be reduced properly,to avoid excessive shading. It was primarily determined that the effects of three factors on the raising of strong tomato seedlings ranked as factor C,factor B and factor A from high to low; and the screened optimal seedling raising conditions were the rhizospheric temperature at( 3 + 1)℃,the shading rate of( 50 + 5) % and the EC value of( 5. 0 + 0. 5) mS/cm.展开更多
Structure and electrochemical properties of (La, Ce, Pr, Nd)_2MgNi_9 hydrogen storage alloys were investigated through orthogonal design experiments, and the alloys were obtained through induction melting followed by ...Structure and electrochemical properties of (La, Ce, Pr, Nd)_2MgNi_9 hydrogen storage alloys were investigated through orthogonal design experiments, and the alloys were obtained through induction melting followed by annealing treatment. The structure of main phase in alloys belongs to PuNi_3-type with a space group R3m. Rare earth elements, as a substitute of lanthanum, have a significant effect on phase structure of alloys, elements of cerium and neodymium are beneficial to the formation of Gd_2Co_7-type phase with a space group P 6_3/mmc. Rare earth elements can decrease the unit cell volume of main phase of alloys dramatically, and increase the axis ratio. The results of electrochemical experiment showed that the discharge capacity of alloy electrodes ranged from 342.97 to 380.68 mAh·g -1, and elements of cerium and neodymium can reduce the discharge capacity of alloy electrodes significantly. Compared to the electrode of La_2MgNi_9 alloy, the substitution of lanthanum by rare earth elements did not improve the cyclic stability of alloy electrodes due to the anisotropic structure change of unit cell. While rare-earth elements can improve the high rate dischargeability of alloy electrodes, the high rate dischargeability of alloy electrodes could reach the maximum when the unit cell volume of PuNi_3-type structure was about 0532 nm.展开更多
Background:To facilitate the preparation of traditional Chinese medicines they are pre-mashed,i.e.,mashed in advance.However,storage conditions for pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines are based on subjective judg...Background:To facilitate the preparation of traditional Chinese medicines they are pre-mashed,i.e.,mashed in advance.However,storage conditions for pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines are based on subjective judgments of pharmacists,and the best storage conditions have not generally been determined.Semen Zizyphi Spinosae is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,and it is usually used after it is fried.The medicine needs to be mashed in a timely manner to ensure its effectiveness.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides a limit for its aflatoxin content.Methods:The orthogonal experimental design method optimizes the best plan for pre-mashed fried Semen Zizyphi Spinosae.Experimental conditions were defined using the L^(9)(3^(4))orthogonal design table.Four factors and three levels were used to study storage conditions.The four factors and three levels are as follows:storage temperature(10°C,20°C,and 30°C),storage humidity(45%,60%,and 75%),storage times(10,20 and 30 days),and particle sizes for the powder(coarsest,coarse and medium powders).The contents of jujuboside A,spinosin,aflatoxin B1,total aflatoxins(aflatoxins B1,B2,G1,and G2),moisture,total ash,acid value,and saponification values were measured.Results:The results demonstrated that the highest jujuboside A and spinosin contents were obtained using a storage temperature of 20°C,a storage humidity of 75%,a storage time of 10 days,and with a coarse powder particle size.Aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins(aflatoxins B1,B2,G1 and G2)were not detected under these conditions.Conclusion:There is no requirement for traditional Chinese medicines to be pre-mashed.This study evaluated various storage conditions for pre-mashed fried Semen Zizyphi Spinosae,and considered the influence of four factors on the contents of jujuboside A,spinolin and aflatoxin for quality control to provide a reference for other pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines.展开更多
A new multi-species particle swarm optimization with a two-level hierarchical topology and the orthogonal learning strategy(OMSPSO) is proposed, which enhances the global search ability of particles and increases thei...A new multi-species particle swarm optimization with a two-level hierarchical topology and the orthogonal learning strategy(OMSPSO) is proposed, which enhances the global search ability of particles and increases their convergence rates. The numerical results on 10 benchmark functions demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. Then, the proposed algorithm is presented to design a butterfly-shaped microstrip patch antenna. Combined with the HFSS solver, a butterfly-shaped patch antenna with a bandwidth of about 40.1% is designed by using the proposed OMSPSO. The return loss of the butterfly-shaped antenna is greater than 10 d B between 4.15 and 6.36 GHz. The antenna can serve simultaneously for the high-speed wireless computer networks(5.15–5.35 GHz) and the RFID systems(5.8 GHz).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174154).
文摘When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water,the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics.In the relevant research on reducing the navigation resistance of amphibious vehicles by adjusting the angle of the anti-wave plate,there is a lack of scientific selection of parameters and reasonable research of simulation results by using mathematical methods,and the influence of the center of gravity position on navigation characteristics is not considered at the same time.To study the influence of the combinations of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity on the resistance reduction characteristics,a numerical calculation model of the amphibious unmanned vehicle was established by using the theory of computational fluid dynamics,and the experimental data verified the correctness of the numerical model.Based on this numerical model,the navigation characteristics of the amphibious unmanned vehicle were studied when the center of gravity was located at different positions,and the orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the parameters of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity.The results show that through the parameter optimization analysis based on the orthogonal experimental method,the combination of the optimal angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity is obtained.And the numerical simulation result of resistance is consistent with the predicted optimal solution.Compared with the maximum navigational resistance,the parameter optimization reduces the navigational resistance of the amphibious unmanned vehicle by 24%.
基金supported by the First Batch of Teaching Reform Projects of Zhejiang Higher Education“14th Five-Year Plan”(jg20220434)Special Scientific Research Project for Space Debris and Near-Earth Asteroid Defense(KJSP2020020202)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LGG19F030010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61703183).
文摘As a new bionic algorithm,Spider Monkey Optimization(SMO)has been widely used in various complex optimization problems in recent years.However,the new space exploration power of SMO is limited and the diversity of the population in SMO is not abundant.Thus,this paper focuses on how to reconstruct SMO to improve its performance,and a novel spider monkey optimization algorithm with opposition-based learning and orthogonal experimental design(SMO^(3))is developed.A position updatingmethod based on the historical optimal domain and particle swarmfor Local Leader Phase(LLP)andGlobal Leader Phase(GLP)is presented to improve the diversity of the population of SMO.Moreover,an opposition-based learning strategy based on self-extremum is proposed to avoid suffering from premature convergence and getting stuck at locally optimal values.Also,a local worst individual elimination method based on orthogonal experimental design is used for helping the SMO algorithm eliminate the poor individuals in time.Furthermore,an extended SMO^(3)named CSMO^(3)is investigated to deal with constrained optimization problems.The proposed algorithm is applied to both unconstrained and constrained functions which include the CEC2006 benchmark set and three engineering problems.Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than three well-known SMO algorithms and other evolutionary algorithms in unconstrained and constrained problems.
文摘Security monitoring system of coal mines is indispensable to ensure the safe and efficient production of colliery. Due to the special and narrow underground field of the coal mine, the electromagnetic interference can cause a series of misstatements and false positives on the monitoring system, which will severely hamper the safe production of coal industry. In this paper, first, the frequency characteristics of the interference source on the power line are extracted when equipment runs normally. Then the finite difference time domain method is introduced to analyze the effects of the electromagnetic interference parameters on the security monitoring signal line. And the interference voltage of the two terminal sides on the single line is taken as evaluating indexes. Finally, the electromagnetic interference parameters are optimized by orthogonal experimental design based on the MATLAB simulation on the normal operation of equipment.
基金Supported by National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China(Grant No.2014BAB08B01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51409123)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.BK20140554)Training Project for Young Core Teacher of Jiangsu University,China
文摘Cavitation is one of the most important performance of centrifugal pumps. However, the current optimization works of centrifugal pump are mostly focusing on hydraulic efficiency only, which may result in poor cavitation performance. Therefore, it is necessary to find an appropriate solution to improve cavitation performance with acceptable efficiency. In this paper, to improve the cavitation performance of a centrifugal pump with a vaned diffuser, the influence of impeller geometric parameters on the cavitation of the pump is investigated using the orthogonal design of experiment (DOE) based on computational fluid dynamics. The impeller inlet diameter D1, inlet incidence angle Aft, and blade wrap angle ~0 are selected as the main impeller geometric parameters and the orthogonal experiment of L9(3"3) is performed. Three-dimensional steady simulations for cavitation are conducted by using constant gas mass fraction model with second-order upwind, and the predicated cavitation performance is validated by laboratory experiment. The optimization results are obtained by the range analysis method to improve cavitation performance without obvious decreasing the efficiency of the centrifugal pump. The internal flow of the pump is analyzed in order to identify the flow behavior that can affect cavitation performance. The results show that D1 has the greatest influence on the pump cavitation and the final optimized impeller provides better flow distribution at blade leading edge. The final optimized impeller accomplishes better cavitation and hydraulic performance and the NPSHR decreases by 0.63m compared with the original one. The presented work supplies a feasible route in engineering practice to optimize a centrifugal pump impeller for better cavitation performance.
文摘The inverse heat conduction method is one of methods to identify the casting simulation parameters. A new inverse method was presented according to the Tikhonov regularization theory. One appropriate regularized functional was established, and the functional was solved by the sensitivity coefficient and Newtonaphson iteration method. Moreover, the orthogonal experimental design was used to estimate the appropriate initial value and variation domain of each variable to decrease the number of iteration and improve the identification accuracy and efficiency. It illustrated a detailed case of AlSiTMg sand mold casting and the temperature measurement experiment was done. The physical properties of sand mold and the interracial heat transfer coefficient were identified at the meantime. The results indicated that the new regularization method was efficient in overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse heat conduction problem and improving the stability and accuracy of the solutions.
文摘In order to improve the properties of the nickel?zinc battery and study the effects of the additives on performance of zinc electrode, 3 levels and 4 factors (acetylene black, Bi2O3, PbO, Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O coated by La(OH)3 ) that affect the zinc electrode were tested with orthogonal design experiments. The charge?discharge experiments of zinc electrode made up of only zinc oxide were done in 20% KOH solution to investigate the function of the additive. In order to better understand the discharge capability attenuation of electrode, the ratios of zinc to calcium in the worst sample and the best sample of the orthogonal design test were analyzed. The samples were characterized by charge?discharge cycling, phase structure analysis, cyclic voltammetry and X-ray diffraction. Experimental evidences indicate that the optimum ratio of electrode additive is as follows: 0.02 g acetylene black, 0.5 g Bi2O3, 0.3 g PbO and 0.2 g Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O coated with La(OH)3 in 5 g sample.
基金Supported by the Talents Introduction Project of Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology(2112rc0104)the Special Fund for the Integration of Production,Education and Research for the 2011 Key Science&Technology Projects in Maoming City(2011A01004)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal technology for en- zymolysis of jeUyfish brain protein by bromefain. [Method] Effects of enzymolysis temperature, the amount of added enzyme, solid/liquid ratio, enzymolysis time and pH on the enzymolysis of total protein were investigated through single factor ex- periments, and some technical parameters were optimized by orthogonal experi- ments. [Result] The results revealed that enzymolysis temperature of 55℃, the amount of added enzyme of 4 000 U/g, solid/liquid ratio of 1:4, the amount of added enzyme time for 5 h and pH 7 were the optimal combination of parameters for the enzymolysis; the average degree of hydrolysis obtained from the verification tests was 36.9%, indicating that the optimized results of the orthogonal experiment were credible. [Conclusion] This study provides the optimized conditions reliable theo- retical foundation and technical support for the exploitation and utilization of jellyfish resources as medicines or functional food in China.
基金Supported by Central University Basic Research Operating Expenses Special Fund(XDJK2011C026)Southwest University Doctoral Fund(09BSR04)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the PCR amplification conditions for random ssDNA pool in SELEX technology. [Method] L16(45) orthogonal experimental design was adopted for optimization of five important factors affecting PCR reaction system for random single-stranded DNA pool including Mg2+ concentration, dNTP concentration, amount of Taq DNA polymerase, primer concentration and amount of random single-stranded DNA pool at four levels. Meanwhile, the annealing temperature and number of PCR reaction cycles were optimized to establish the optimal reaction system and PCR procedure. [Result] The optimal combination of PCR reaction system for random ssDNA pool was obtained, with a total system volume of 20 μl containing 2.0 μl of 10 × Buffer, 0.5 ng of random ssDNA pool, 2.5 mmol/L Mg2+, 0.25 mmol/L dNTP Mixture, 0.6 μmol/L upstream and downstream primers and 1.5 U of Taq DNA polymerase; the optimal annealing temperature was 68 ℃ and the optimal number of cycles was 12. Under the above conditions, clear and stable bands with high specificity for random ssDNA pool were amplified. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for selection of parameters with higher specificity in SELEX technology.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(2011CB711100 and 2014CB046801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11072246 and51490673)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJCX2-EW-L01)
文摘The influences of steady aerodynamic loads on hunting stability of high-speed railway vehicles were investigated in this study.A mechanism is suggested to explain the change of hunting behavior due to actions of aerodynamic loads:the aerodynamic loads can change the position of vehicle system(consequently the contact relations),the wheel/rail normal contact forces,the gravitational restoring forces/moments and the creep forces/moments.A mathematical model for hunting stability incorporating such influences was developed.A computer program capable of incorporating the effects of aerodynamic loads based on the model was written,and the critical speeds were calculated using this program.The dependences of linear and nonlinear critical speeds on suspension parameters considering aerodynamic loads were analyzed by using the orthogonal test method,the results were also compared with the situations without aerodynamic loads.It is shown that the most dominant factors a ff ecting linear and nonlinear critical speeds are different whether the aerodynamic loads considered or not.The damping of yaw damper is the most dominant influencing factor for linear critical speeds,while the damping of lateral damper is most dominant for nonlinear ones.When the influences of aerodynamic loads are considered,the linear critical speeds decrease with the rise of cross wind velocity,whereas it is not the case for the nonlinear critical speeds.The variation trends of critical speeds with suspension parameters can be significantly changed by aerodynamic loads.Combined actions of aerodynamic loads and suspension parameters also a ff ect the critical speeds.The effects of such joint action are more obvious for nonlinear critical speeds.
文摘The plasma-MIG welding torch was developed.5A06 aluminum alloys with V-grooves were welded in a single pass in the plasma-MIG welding process and the joints were examined by X-ray diffractometry analysis and mechanical tests.The orthogonal experimental design was used to study the influence of plasma-MIG welding parameters on the aluminum weld porosity.The mixed orthogonal matrix L16(4 4×2 3) and analysis of variance (ANOVA)technique were employed to optimize the welding parameters.The experimental results indicate that the effect of plasma gas flow rate is dominant,the secondary factors are MIG welding voltage,welding speed,wire feed rate and plasma current in turn.Confirmation experiments were conducted under optimum conditions and there was almost no porosity in the welded joints,thus good mechanical performance joints were obtained.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(K50511700004)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2013JM1022)
文摘An integer linear bilevel programming problem is firstly transformed into a binary linear bilevel programming problem, and then converted into a single-level binary implicit programming. An orthogonal genetic algorithm is developed for solving the binary linear implicit programming problem based on the orthogonal design. The orthogonal design with the factor analysis, an experimental design method is applied to the genetic algorithm to make the algorithm more robust, statistical y sound and quickly convergent. A crossover operator formed by the orthogonal array and the factor analysis is presented. First, this crossover operator can generate a smal but representative sample of points as offspring. After al of the better genes of these offspring are selected, a best combination among these offspring is then generated. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen City (JC200903180710A)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to increase the expression level of immun- odominant membrane protein gene (Imp) of phytoplasmas in E. coil BL21 (DE3). [Method] On the basis of orthogonal experiment, effects of different culture conditions on recombinant bacteria E. coil BL21-pET-28a(+)-Imp were investigated. Based on the obtained optimal culture condition, effects of different induction conditions on the ex- pression level of Imp protein were explored. The expression level of Imp fusion pro- tein was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and Gene Tools software. [Result] The re- sults showed that the optimal conditions for culture were at 37℃, pH 7.0, with liq- uid volume of 20% and oscillation speed of 200 r/min, for induction were at 37℃ for 6 h, with initial OD600 of about 1.5 and IPTG final concentration of 0.1 mmol/L. [Conclusion] The expression level of Imp achieved 70.98 mg/L under the optimal conditions. Optimized conditions for expression of Imp fusion protein in E. coil were determined.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60873099)
文摘A quadratic bilevel programming problem is transformed into a single level complementarity slackness problem by applying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT) conditions.To cope with the complementarity constraints,a binary encoding scheme is adopted for KKT multipliers,and then the complementarity slackness problem is simplified to successive quadratic programming problems,which can be solved by many algorithms available.Based on 0-1 binary encoding,an orthogonal genetic algorithm,in which the orthogonal experimental design with both two-level orthogonal array and factor analysis is used as crossover operator,is proposed.Numerical experiments on 10 benchmark examples show that the orthogonal genetic algorithm can find global optimal solutions of quadratic bilevel programming problems with high accuracy in a small number of iterations.
文摘For the purpose of reducing the volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage variation, the process in injection molding of aspheric plastic lens was simulated, and several process parameters which include holding pressure, melt temperature, mold temperature, fill time, holding pressure time and cooling time were optimized by using an orthogonal experimental design method. Finally, the optimum process parameters and the influence degree of process parameters on the average volumetric shrinkage and the volumetric shrinkage variation are obtained.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 11672127,51605215]the Advance Research Special Technology Project of Army Equipment[grant number AGA19001]+2 种基金the Army Research and Technology Project[grant number AQA19001],the Innovation Fund Project of China Aerospace 1st Academy[grant number CHC20001]the Special funded project of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[grant number 2019T120450]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number NP2020407].
文摘Aiming at the independent development of tracked vehicles,it is urgent to improve its mobility,passability and ride comfort,a new type of flexible road wheel with a“wheel-hinge-hub”combined structure is proposed in this study.The vibration model characteristics of the flexible road wheel were studied by the combination of numerical simulation and experiments.The superelasticity of rubber is obtained through uniaxial tensile experiment of the material and a detail three-dimensional nolinear finite element model of the flexible road wheel is established through finite element software ABAQUS.The free vibration equation of the flexible road wheel is solved by Lanczos vector direct superposition method,and its predicted modes and natural frequencies are compared with experimental results,which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the established finite element model.On this basis,the effects of various key structural or material factors on the natural frequencies of the flexible road wheel are studied using orthogonal experimental design method.Besides,the vibration modal characteristics of the flexible road wheel are also compared with those of the rigid road wheel.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the vibration and noise reduction of flexible road wheel.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21176172)Top Talents Program of Yunnan Province,China(2011HA010)
文摘The purification and separation of durene from the mixture containing durene isomers were studied.Since the boiling points of tetramethyl benzene isomers are very close but their melting points are of great differences,static melt crystallization was applied to separate and purify durene from its isomers.Crystallization experiments were carried out under various operating conditions.The effects of cooling rate,crystallization temperature,sweating temperature and sweating time on the yield and purity of crystal were investigated.Orthogonal experimental design method was adopted to analyze the factors that may affect the yield of durene.Under the optimal crystallization conditions,the purity of durene could reach as high as 99.06%with the yield of 75.3%through one crystallization process.By fitting purification data based on sweating time in isothermal operations,the purification rate coefficient was obtained.
基金Supported by Special Funding Project for the Construction of Henan Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(S2010-03)
文摘The study on raising of strong tomato seedlings in high-temperature season is of great practical significance,because high-temperature condition in summer and autumn causes excessive growth of tomato seedlings easily. ‘Fenniya'variety was selected as an experimental material,an orthogonal experiment was designed with rhizospheric temperature( A),light intensity( B) and nutrient salt concentration( C) as three factors which were designed with three levels,so as to study the effects of different treatments on root activity,strong seedling index,hypocotyl length and average internode length. The results showed that the most important factor for tomato seedling's root activity,hypocotyl length and internode length was nutrient salt concentration. In terms of effect on seedling index,substrate temperature should be reduced properly,to avoid excessive shading. It was primarily determined that the effects of three factors on the raising of strong tomato seedlings ranked as factor C,factor B and factor A from high to low; and the screened optimal seedling raising conditions were the rhizospheric temperature at( 3 + 1)℃,the shading rate of( 50 + 5) % and the EC value of( 5. 0 + 0. 5) mS/cm.
文摘Structure and electrochemical properties of (La, Ce, Pr, Nd)_2MgNi_9 hydrogen storage alloys were investigated through orthogonal design experiments, and the alloys were obtained through induction melting followed by annealing treatment. The structure of main phase in alloys belongs to PuNi_3-type with a space group R3m. Rare earth elements, as a substitute of lanthanum, have a significant effect on phase structure of alloys, elements of cerium and neodymium are beneficial to the formation of Gd_2Co_7-type phase with a space group P 6_3/mmc. Rare earth elements can decrease the unit cell volume of main phase of alloys dramatically, and increase the axis ratio. The results of electrochemical experiment showed that the discharge capacity of alloy electrodes ranged from 342.97 to 380.68 mAh·g -1, and elements of cerium and neodymium can reduce the discharge capacity of alloy electrodes significantly. Compared to the electrode of La_2MgNi_9 alloy, the substitution of lanthanum by rare earth elements did not improve the cyclic stability of alloy electrodes due to the anisotropic structure change of unit cell. While rare-earth elements can improve the high rate dischargeability of alloy electrodes, the high rate dischargeability of alloy electrodes could reach the maximum when the unit cell volume of PuNi_3-type structure was about 0532 nm.
基金This work was supported by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(No.20174Y0034)the Third batch of specialized subject construction of traditional Chinese medicine in Jiading District-Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2020-JDZYYZDXK-01).
文摘Background:To facilitate the preparation of traditional Chinese medicines they are pre-mashed,i.e.,mashed in advance.However,storage conditions for pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines are based on subjective judgments of pharmacists,and the best storage conditions have not generally been determined.Semen Zizyphi Spinosae is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine,and it is usually used after it is fried.The medicine needs to be mashed in a timely manner to ensure its effectiveness.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia provides a limit for its aflatoxin content.Methods:The orthogonal experimental design method optimizes the best plan for pre-mashed fried Semen Zizyphi Spinosae.Experimental conditions were defined using the L^(9)(3^(4))orthogonal design table.Four factors and three levels were used to study storage conditions.The four factors and three levels are as follows:storage temperature(10°C,20°C,and 30°C),storage humidity(45%,60%,and 75%),storage times(10,20 and 30 days),and particle sizes for the powder(coarsest,coarse and medium powders).The contents of jujuboside A,spinosin,aflatoxin B1,total aflatoxins(aflatoxins B1,B2,G1,and G2),moisture,total ash,acid value,and saponification values were measured.Results:The results demonstrated that the highest jujuboside A and spinosin contents were obtained using a storage temperature of 20°C,a storage humidity of 75%,a storage time of 10 days,and with a coarse powder particle size.Aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins(aflatoxins B1,B2,G1 and G2)were not detected under these conditions.Conclusion:There is no requirement for traditional Chinese medicines to be pre-mashed.This study evaluated various storage conditions for pre-mashed fried Semen Zizyphi Spinosae,and considered the influence of four factors on the contents of jujuboside A,spinolin and aflatoxin for quality control to provide a reference for other pre-mashed traditional Chinese medicines.
基金Project(61105067)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new multi-species particle swarm optimization with a two-level hierarchical topology and the orthogonal learning strategy(OMSPSO) is proposed, which enhances the global search ability of particles and increases their convergence rates. The numerical results on 10 benchmark functions demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. Then, the proposed algorithm is presented to design a butterfly-shaped microstrip patch antenna. Combined with the HFSS solver, a butterfly-shaped patch antenna with a bandwidth of about 40.1% is designed by using the proposed OMSPSO. The return loss of the butterfly-shaped antenna is greater than 10 d B between 4.15 and 6.36 GHz. The antenna can serve simultaneously for the high-speed wireless computer networks(5.15–5.35 GHz) and the RFID systems(5.8 GHz).