This interdisciplinary article excavates the history of the most important Russian language reform, which was approved by the Bolshevik Government Decrees more than a century ago, after the October Revolution of 1917....This interdisciplinary article excavates the history of the most important Russian language reform, which was approved by the Bolshevik Government Decrees more than a century ago, after the October Revolution of 1917. The orthographic reform was a linguistic and educational original effort （1） to promote a new simpler way of spelling of written informational materials, （2） to eliminate ＂double＂ letters and to present more constructive rules for spelling of certain grammar structures, and （3） to increase the population literacy in the Russian-speaking community. Indeed, the effective policy of language regulation was grounded in recommendations developed by special committees and commissions which represented the spelling reform movement in the imperial period of the 19th century and in the early 1900s. According to Russian linguists, language educationists, activists, and politicians, the proposed new rules could be implemented in a realistic way for the benefit of all learners, the language system, and the printing industry as well. The reform of Russian orthography was not an exercise in revolutionary violence or the Bolshevik＇ evil intentions, as some frustrated scholars condemned this reform. This article provides relevant legislative documents issued in 1917-1918, that reflected revolutionary transformations including orthography that became an issue of politics. The use of new orthographic rules had special implications for language learning practices in schools and changed costs of typing and printing.展开更多
经典估计信源个数的Akaike信息论准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)和最小描述长度(Minimum description length,MDL)方法需要特征分解,运算量较大且需要较多快拍数,为了便于工程实现,在传统的针对数据域Gram-Schmidt(GS)正交投...经典估计信源个数的Akaike信息论准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)和最小描述长度(Minimum description length,MDL)方法需要特征分解,运算量较大且需要较多快拍数,为了便于工程实现,在传统的针对数据域Gram-Schmidt(GS)正交投影算法估计信源个数的基础上,提出了一种对协方差矩阵进行GS正交化来估计信源个数新方法,并推导出这种算法的自适应门限。仿真结果表明,该算法和AIC及MDL算法相比,虽然估计性能有所下降,但性能下降幅度不大,且其运算量小、所需快拍数少;与传统GS算法相比,运算量增加不大,但估计性能有较大提高。展开更多
文摘This interdisciplinary article excavates the history of the most important Russian language reform, which was approved by the Bolshevik Government Decrees more than a century ago, after the October Revolution of 1917. The orthographic reform was a linguistic and educational original effort （1） to promote a new simpler way of spelling of written informational materials, （2） to eliminate ＂double＂ letters and to present more constructive rules for spelling of certain grammar structures, and （3） to increase the population literacy in the Russian-speaking community. Indeed, the effective policy of language regulation was grounded in recommendations developed by special committees and commissions which represented the spelling reform movement in the imperial period of the 19th century and in the early 1900s. According to Russian linguists, language educationists, activists, and politicians, the proposed new rules could be implemented in a realistic way for the benefit of all learners, the language system, and the printing industry as well. The reform of Russian orthography was not an exercise in revolutionary violence or the Bolshevik＇ evil intentions, as some frustrated scholars condemned this reform. This article provides relevant legislative documents issued in 1917-1918, that reflected revolutionary transformations including orthography that became an issue of politics. The use of new orthographic rules had special implications for language learning practices in schools and changed costs of typing and printing.
文摘经典估计信源个数的Akaike信息论准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)和最小描述长度(Minimum description length,MDL)方法需要特征分解,运算量较大且需要较多快拍数,为了便于工程实现,在传统的针对数据域Gram-Schmidt(GS)正交投影算法估计信源个数的基础上,提出了一种对协方差矩阵进行GS正交化来估计信源个数新方法,并推导出这种算法的自适应门限。仿真结果表明,该算法和AIC及MDL算法相比,虽然估计性能有所下降,但性能下降幅度不大,且其运算量小、所需快拍数少;与传统GS算法相比,运算量增加不大,但估计性能有较大提高。
