Interorgan communication in neurogenic heterotopic ossification: the role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles

Brain-derived extracellular vesicles participate in interorgan communication after traumatic brain injury by transporting pathogens to initiate secondary injury.Inflammasome-related proteins encapsulated in brain-derived extracellular vesicles can cross the blood‒brain barrier to reach distal tissues.These proteins initiate inflammatory dysfunction,such as neurogenic heterotopic ossification.This recurrent condition is highly debilitating to patients because of its relatively unknown pathogenesis and the lack of effective prophylactic intervention strategies.Accordingly,a rat model of neurogenic heterotopic ossification induced by combined traumatic brain injury and achillotenotomy was developed to address these two issues.Histological examination of the injured tendon revealed the coexistence of ectopic calcification and fibroblast pyroptosis.The relationships among brain-derived extracellular vesicles,fibroblast pyroptosis and ectopic calcification were further investigated in vitro and in vivo.Intravenous injection of the pyroptosis inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk reversed the development of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in vivo.The present work highlights the role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of neurogenic heterotopic ossification and offers a potential strategy for preventing neurogenic heterotopic ossification after traumatic brain injury.

Endochondral ossification of hindlimbs in embryonic development of Japanese Quail(Coturnix japonica)

The endochondral ossification of hindlimb is essential to a bird’s ability to stand,walk and fly.Most hindlimb is ossified in the embryos before hatching in precocial birds.However,the molecular mechanisms of hindlimb ossification in birds is still unclear.Therefore,we tried to examine the process of hindlimb ossification and its molecular regulation by using an animal model—Japanese Quail(Coturnix japonica).We selected four critical stages(Embryo Day:E6,E8,E12 and E16) of skeletal development of embryonic quails for hindlimb skeleton staining to show the process of endochondral ossification and to examine the molecular regulation of endochondral osteogenesis by RNA-Seq analysis.The results showed that ossification became increased with embryonic development and most hindlimb was ossified before hatching.RNA-Seq analysis revealed that various signaling pathways were involved with endochondral ossification with thyroid hormone signaling and WNT signaling pathway particularly enriched.Moreover,the expression levels of 42 genes were continuously upregulated and 14 genes were continuously downregulated from E6 to E16.The present study might provide new insights into complex molecular mechanisms in regulation of endochondral ossification.

Piezo1 expression in chondrocytes controls endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis development

Piezo proteins are mechanically activated ion channels,which are required for mechanosensing functions in a variety of cell types.While we and others have previously demonstrated that the expression of Piezo1 in osteoblast lineage cells is essential for boneanabolic processes,there was only suggestive evidence indicating a role of Piezo1 and/or Piezo2 in cartilage.Here we addressed the question if and how chondrocyte expression of the mechanosensitive proteins Piezo1 or Piezo2 controls physiological endochondral ossification and pathological osteoarthritis(OA)development.Mice with chondrocyte-specific inactivation of Piezo1(Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre)),but not of Piezo2,developed a near absence of trabecular bone below the chondrogenic growth plate postnatally.Moreover,all Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) animals displayed multiple fractures of rib bones at 7 days of age,which were located close to the growth plates.While skeletal growth was only mildly affected in these mice,OA pathologies were markedly less pronounced compared to littermate controls at 60 weeks of age.Likewise,when OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection,only the chondrocyte inactivation of Piezo1,not of Piezo2,resulted in attenuated articular cartilage degeneration.Importantly,osteophyte formation and maturation were also reduced in Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) mice.We further observed increased Piezo1 protein abundance in cartilaginous zones of human osteophytes.Finally,we identified Ptgs2 and Ccn2 as potentially relevant Piezo1 downstream genes in chondrocytes.Collectively,our data do not only demonstrate that Piezo1 is a critical regulator of physiological and pathological endochondral ossification processes,but also suggest that Piezo1 antagonists may be established as a novel approach to limit osteophyte formation in OA.

High formability Mg-Zn-Gd wire facilitates ACL reconstruction via its swift degradation to accelerate intra-tunnel endochondral ossification

After reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL),unsatisfactory bone tendon interface healing may often induce tunnel enlargement at the early healing stage.With good biological features and high formability,Magnesium-Zinc-Gadolinium(ZG21)wires are developed to bunch the tendon graft for matching the bone tunnel during transplantation.Microstructure,tensile strength,degradation,and cytotoxicity of ZG21 wire are evaluated.The rabbit model is used for assessing the biological effects of ZG21 wire by Micro-CT,histology,and mechanical test.The SEM/EDS,immunochemistry,and in vitro assessments are performed to investigate the underlying mechanism.Material tests demonstrate the high formability of ZG21 wire as surgical suture.Micro-CT shows ZG21 wire degradation accelerates tunnel bone formation,and histologically with earlier and more fibrocartilage regeneration at the healing interface.The mechanical test shows higher ultimate load in the ZG21 group.The SEM/EDS presents ZG21 wire degradation triggered calcium phosphate(Ca-P)deposition.IHC results demonstrate upregulation of Wnt3a,BMP2,and VEGF at the early phase and TGFβ3 and Type II collagen at the late phase of healing.In vitro tests also confirmed the Ca-P in the metal extract could elevate the expression of Wnt3a,βcatenin,ocn and opn to stimulate osteogenesis.Ex vivo tests of clinical samples indicated suturing with ZG21 wire did not weaken the ultimate loading of human tendon tissue.In conclusion,the ZG21 wire is feasible for tendon graft bunching.Its degradation products accelerated intra-tunnel endochondral ossification at the early healing stage and therefore enhanced bone-tendon interface healing in ACL reconstruction.

DAPK2 promotes autophagy to accelerate the progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament through the mTORC1 complex

Background:Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL)is a prevalent condition in orthopedics.While death-associated protein kinase 2(DAPK2)is known to play roles in cellular apoptosis and autophagy,its specific contributions to the advancement of OPLL are not well understood.Methods:Ligament fibroblasts were harvested from patients diagnosed with OPLL.Techniques such as real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot analysis were employed to assess DAPK2 levels in both ligament tissues and cultured fibroblasts.The extent of osteogenic differentiation in these cells was evaluated using an alizarin red S(ARS)staining.Additionally,the expression of ossification markers and autophagy markers was quantified.The autophagic activity was further analyzed through LC3 immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).An in vivo heterotopic bone formation assay was conducted in mice to assess the role of DAPK2 in ossification.Results:Elevated DAPK2 expression was confirmed in both OPLL patient tissues and derived fibroblasts,in contrast to non-OPLL controls.Silencing of DAPK2 significantly curtailed osteogenic differentiation and autophagy in these fibroblasts,evidenced by decreased levels of LC3,and Beclin1,and reduced autophagosome formation.Additionally,DAPK2 was found to inhibit the mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)complex’s activity.In vivo studies demonstrated that DAPK2 facilitates ossification,and this effect could be counteracted by the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin.Conclusion:DAPK2 enhances autophagy and osteogenic processes in OPLL through modulation of the mTORC1 pathway.

Heterotopic mesenteric ossification caused by trauma:A case report

BACKGROUND Heterotopic mesenteric ossification(HMO)is a clinically rare condition characterized by the formation of bone tissue in the mesentery.The worldwide reporting of such cases is limited to just over 70 instances in the medical literature.The etiology of HMO remains unclear,but the disease is possibly induced by mechanical trauma,ischemia,or intra-left lower quadrant abdominal infection,leading to the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts.Here,we present a rare case of HMO that occurred in a 34-year-old male,who presented with left lower quadrant abdominal pain.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 34-year-old male patient who presented with left lower abdominal pain following trauma to the left lower abdomen.He subsequently underwent surgical treatment,and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was HMO.CONCLUSION We believe that although there is limited literature and research on HMO,when patients with a history of trauma or surgery to the left lower abdomen present with corresponding imaging findings,clinicians should be vigilant in distinguishing this condition and promptly selecting appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Catheter-Assisted Interlaminar Approach for Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection in Patient with Cervical Stenosis Caused by Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Case Report

We present the case of a 64-year-old man with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) experiencing chronic neck pain and radiculopathy for 6 months. A catheter-assisted interlaminar Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection (CESI) was performed under fluoroscopic guidance, targeting the affected C2-C6 levels. Significant improvement was observed after this procedure, with decreased pain scores (visual analogue scale (VAS) 8 to 2) and improved mobility. This technique not only enhances the effectiveness of CESI but also reduces the likelihood of complications such as stroke or epidural hematoma and thus provides an alternative treatment option for patients with multiple stenotic levels who are unsuitable for surgery or are unresponsive to conservative therapy such as medication or physical therapy.

Clinical pathological characteristics of“crawling-type”gastric adenocarcinoma cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a significant health problem worldwide,and early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for improving patient outcomes.Crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma is a rare subtype of GC that has unique histopathological and clinical characteristics,and its diagnosis and management can be challenging.This pathological type of GC is also rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the case of a patient who underwent ordinary endoscopy,na-rrow-band imaging,and endoscopic ultrasonography intending to determine the extent of tumor invasion and upper abdominal enhanced computed tomography and whether there was tumor metastasis.Then,endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed.After pathological and immunohistochemical examination,the pathological diagnosis was crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma.This is a very rare and special pathological type of tumor.This case highlights the importance of using advanced endoscopic techniques and pathological examination in diagnosing and managing gastric crawling-type adenocarcinoma.Moreover,the findings underscore the need for continued research and clinical experience in this rare subtype of GC to improve patient outcomes.CONCLUSION The“crawling-type”GC is a rare and specific tumor pathology.It is difficult to identify and diagnose gliomas via endoscopy.The tumor is ill-defined,with a flat appearance and indistinct borders due to the lack of contrast against the background mucosa.Pathology revealed that the tumor cells were hand-like,so the patient has diagnosed with“crawling-type”gastric adenocarcinoma.

Self-assembly of tau fragments as a key pathologic event in tauopathies

Tau protein is encoded by the microtubuleassociated protein tau(MAPT)gene and stabilizes microtubules in the neurons.Tau has unique biophysical properties that make it both highly water-soluble and positively charged.Although tau is an intrinsically disordered protein lacking defined secondary structures,it can acquire highly organized-sheet structures and stack into a filamentous inclusion such as a paired helical filament(PHF).

Soluble alpha-synuclein post-translational modifications:unexpected regulators of pathological alpha-synuclein amplification

The build-up of misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)in the central nervous system is the pathological hallmark of a number of neurodegenerative diseases that are known asα-synucleinopathies.These include Parkinson’s disease(PD),Parkinson’s disease with dementia(PDD),dementia with Lewy body(LB),multiple system atrophy(MSA),and a subset of Alzheimer’s disease.Growing evidence underscores that the intercellular transmission and amplification of pathologicalα-syn are critical processes underlying the progression ofα-synucleinopathies(Peng et al.,2020),and as such,the study of these processes could lead to the identification of promising therapeutics to mitigate disease progression.Most previous studies have focused solely on pathological seeds in relation to disease progression.

Identification of pathological characteristics in pulmonary tuberculosis using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography

The low detection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical practice leads to a high rate of missed diagnosis for pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB).As a noninvasive,high-resolution,real-time imaging technology,polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography(PS-OCT)may be feasible for the rapid identification of pathological feature.This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using PS-OCT to identify pathological features of PTB.In the experiments,PTB samples containing some surrounding lung tissues were imaged using PS-OCT.It is demonstrated that PS-OCT images showed good consistency with the corresponding pathological images and were able to identify PTB-related characteristic pathological regions.We think PS-OCT can serve as an effective supplement for the diagnosis of PTB,enabling rapid and accurate diagnosis,and aiding in the understanding of the pathological characteristics and pathophysiological processes of PTB.

Covering corneal stromal lenticule for macular hole in pathological myopia

AIM:To evaluate the clinical effect of a new surgery technique(covering corneal stromal lenticule,CSL)for macular hole(MH)in pathological myopia.METHODS:This was a prospective non-randomized series case study.Fourteen eyes of 14 patients whose axial length were more than 29 mm and suffered from MH and macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)were included in this study.All cases were treated with 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling,covering CSL and C_(3)F_(8) gas tamponade.These cases were followed for 6mo,and the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),healing status of MH,the reattached rate of retinal detachment(RD),and reoperation rate were analyzed.RESULTS:All cases were successfully performed the surgery and the postoperative follow-up was completed.After surgery,MHs were healed in all 14 eyes(100%,14/14)after assessed by optical coherence tomography.The reattachment of retina was achieved in all 6 eyes(100%,6/6)with MHRD.BCVA was improved in 12 eyes(85.71%,12/14),and had no significant change in 2 eyes(14.29%,2/14).The overall mean BCVA was improved from 1.80±0.77 to 0.82±0.46 logMAR(F=10.46,P<0.01).No serious complications occurred in all cases.CONCLUSION:The new surgery technique(covering CSL)has high reattached rate of RD and high healing rate of MH in pathological myopia in the preliminary study.And it can effectively improve the visual function of patients.This new technique offers meaningful new ideas for treating refractory MH in pathological myopia.

Multi-class classification of pathological myopia based on fundus photography

Pathological myopia(PM)is a severe ocular disease leading to blindness.As a traditional noninvasive diagnostic method,fundus color photography(FCP)is widely used in detecting PM due to its highfidelity and precision.However,manual examination of fundus photographs for PM is time-consuming and prone to high error rates.Existing automated detection technologies have yet to study the detailed classification in diagnosing different stages of PM lesions.In this paper,we proposed an intelligent system which utilized Resnet101 technology to multi-categorically diagnose PM by classifying FCPs with different stages of lesions.The system subdivided different stages of PM into eight subcategories,aiming to enhance the precision and efficiency of the diagnostic process.It achieved an average accuracy rate of 98.86%in detection of PM,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 98.96%.For the eight subcategories of PM,the detection accuracy reached 99.63%,with an AUC of 99.98%.Compared with other widely used multi-class models such as VGG16,Vision Transformer(VIT),EfficientNet,this system demonstrates higher accuracy and AUC.This artificial intelligence system is designed to be easily integrated into existing clinical diagnostic tools,providing an efficient solution for large-scale PM screening.

Endoscopic and pathological features of neoplastic transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps:Retrospective study of 4010 cases

BACKGROUND Hyperplastic polyps,which represent 30%-93%of all gastric epithelial polyps,are the second most common type of gastric polyps after fundic gland polyps.They were previously considered to have no risk of neoplastic transformation.Recently,an increasing number of cases of gastric hyperplastic polyps(GHPs)combined with neoplastic changes have been reported;however,the specific mechanism underlying their transformation has not been thoroughly explored.AIM To investigate the clinical,endoscopic,and pathological characteristics of the neoplastic transformation of GHPs and explore the risk factors.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 4010 cases of GHPs diagnosed by gastroscopy and pathological examination at the hospital from 2005 to 2021.In total,3874,119,and 17 cases were in the group without intraepithelial neoplasia(IN),with low-grade IN,and with high-grade IN,respectively.The data analysis examined the association of endoscopic and pathological features with risk factors for neoplastic transformation.Factors with significant differences were entered into univariate logistic regression,followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed diameter,multiple polyp presence,redness,rough surface,lobulation,erosion,Yamada classification,location,and gastric mucosa were risk factors for neoplastic transformation.Multivariate analysis showed that age>65 years[odds ratio(OR)=1.789;95%confidence interval(CI):1.227-2.609;P=0.003],male sex(OR=1.680;95%CI:1.158-2.438;P=0.006),multiple polyps(OR=1.851;95%CI:1.230-2.784;P=0.003),pedunculated or semi-pedunculated shape(OR=2.722;95%CI:1.689-4.388;P<0.001),and polyp diameter were significantly associated with GHPs that demonstrated neoplastic transformation.Compared with chronic superficial gastritis,autoimmune gastritis,atrophic gastritis,and gastritis with IN were independent risk factors for neoplastic transformation[(OR=2.672;95%CI:1.559-4.579;P<0.001),(OR=1.876;95%CI:1.134-3.103;P=0.014),and(OR=5.299;95%CI:3.173–8.849;P<0.001),respectively].CONCLUSION Male sex,age>65 years,multiple polyps,pedunculated or semi-pedunculated shape,polyp size>1 cm,and specific background gastric mucosa are key indicators for predicting neoplastic transformation of GHPs.

Correlation and predictive value of pathological complete response and ultrasound characteristic parameters in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast

BACKGROUND Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent malignant tumors among women,significantly endangering their health and lives.While radical surgery has been a pivotal method for halting disease progression,it alone is insufficient for enhancing the quality of life for patients.AIM To investigate the correlation between ultrasound characteristic parameters of breast cancer lesions and clinical efficacy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC).METHODS Employing a case-control study design,this research involved 178 breast cancer patients treated with NAC at our hospital from July 2019 to June 2022.According to the Miller-Payne grading system,the pathological response,i.e.efficacy,of the NAC in the initial breast lesion after NAC was evaluated.Of these,59 patients achieved a pathological complete response(PCR),while 119 did not(non-PCR group).Ultrasound characteristics prior to NAC were compared between these groups,and the association of various factors with NAC efficacy was analyzed using univariate and multivariate approaches.RESULTS In the PCR group,the incidence of posterior echo attenuation,lesion diameter≥2.0 cm,and Alder blood flow grade≥II were significantly lower compared to the non-PCR group(P<0.05).The area under the curve values for predicting NAC efficacy using posterior echo attenuation,lesion diameter,and Alder grade were 0.604,0.603,and 0.583,respectively.Also,rates of pathological stage II,lymph node metastasis,vascular invasion,and positive Ki-67 expression were significantly lower in the PCR group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis identified posterior echo attenuation,lesion diameter≥2.0 cm,Alder blood flow grade≥II,pathological stage III,vascular invasion,and positive Ki-67 expression as independent predictors of poor response to NAC in breast cancer patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION While ultrasound characteristics such as posterior echo attenuation,lesion diameter≥2.0 cm,and Alder blood flow grade≥II exhibit limited predictive value for NAC efficacy,they are significantly associated with poor response to NAC in breast cancer patients.

Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor amplification correlates with adverse pathological features and poor clinical outcome in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene participates in multiple tumor biology and shows clinical potential for pharmacological manipulation in tumor treatment.MET amplification has been reported in CRC,but data are very limited.Investigating pathological values of MET in CRC may provide new therapeutic and genetic screening options in future clinical practice.AIM To determine the pathological significance of MET amplification in CRC and to propose a feasible screening strategy.METHODS A number of 205 newly diagnosed CRC patients undergoing surgical resection without any preoperative therapy at Shenzhen Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were recruited.All patients were without RAS/RAF mutation or microsatellite instability-high.MET amplification and c-MET protein expression were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and immunohistochemistry(IHC),respectively.Correlations between MET aberration and pathological features were detected using the chi-squared test.Progression free survival(PFS)during the two-year follow-up was detected using the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test.The results of MET FISH and IHC were com pared using one-way ANOVA.RESULTS Polysomy-induced MET amplification was observed in 14.4%of cases,and focal MET amplification was not detected.Polysomy-induced MET amplification was associated with a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis(LNM)(P<0.001)and higher tumor budding grade(P=0.02).In the survival analysis,significant difference was detected between patients with amplified-and non-amplified MET in a two-year follow-up after the first diagnosis(P=0.001).C-MET scores of 0,1+,2+,and 3+were observed in 1.4%,24.9%,54.7%,and 19.0%of tumors,respectively.C-MET overexpression correlated with higher frequency of LNM(P=0.002),but no significant difference of PFS was detected between patients with different protein levels.In terms of concordance between MET FISH and IHC results,MET copy number showed no difference in c-MET IHC 0/1+(3.35±0.18),2+(3.29±0.11)and 3+(3.58±0.22)cohorts,and the MET-to-CEP7 ratio showed no difference in three groups(1.09±0.02,1.10±0.01,and 1.09±0.03).CONCLUSION In CRC,focal MET amplification was a rare event.Polysomy-induced MET amplification correlated with adverse pathological characteristics and poor prognosis.IHC was a poor screening tool for MET amplification.

Prediction of pathological complete response and prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is currently the third most common malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT)is standard for locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC).Except for pathological examination after resection,it is not known exactly whether LARC patients have achieved pathological complete response(pCR)before surgery.To date,there are no clear clinical indicators that can predict the efficacy of nCRT and patient outcomes.AIM To investigate the indicators that can predict pCR and long-term outcomes following nCRT in patients with LARC.METHODS Clinical data of 128 LARC patients admitted to our hospital between September 2013 and November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were categorized into pCR and non-pCR groups.Univariate analysis(using the χ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact test)and logistic multivariate regression analysis were used to study clinical predictors affecting pCR.The 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis,and differences in survival curves were assessed with the log-rank test.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)level,lymphocyte-monocyte ratio(LMR),time interval between neoadjuvant therapy completion and total mesorectal excision,and tumor size were correlated with pCR.Multivariate results showed that CEA≤5 ng/mL(P=0.039),LMR>2.73(P=0.023),and time interval>10 wk(P=0.039)were independent predictors for pCR.Survival analysis demonstrated that patients in the pCR group had significantly higher 5-year DFS rates(94.7%vs 59.7%,P=0.002)and 5-year OS rates(95.8%vs 80.1%,P=0.019)compared to the non-pCR group.Tumor deposits(TDs)were significantly correlated with shorter DFS(P=0.002)and OS(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Pretreatment CEA,LMR,and time interval contribute to predicting nCRT efficacy in LARC patients.Achieving pCR demonstrates longer DFS and OS.TDs correlate with poor prognosis.

Analysis of the Clinical Value of Immunohistochemical Testing in the Pathological Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of immunohistochemistry(IHC)detection in the pathological diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods:Eighty breast cancer patients admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were selected as study subjects.The samples were divided into a positive group(40 cases)and a negative group(40 cases)according to ER and PR test results.Immunohistochemistry was performed on all patients to compare the differences between the two groups in C-erbB-2 positive expression and axillary lymph node metastasis.Results:The positive expression rate of C-erbB-2 in the positive group(35.00%)was significantly lower than that in the negative group(80.00%),with a highly significant difference(P<0.001).The axillary lymph node metastasis rate in the positive group(40.00%)was significantly lower than that in the negative group(75.00%),with a significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:Immunohistochemical detection in breast cancer pathology enhances diagnostic accuracy,predicts prognosis,and supports personalized treatment by identifying ER,PR,and C-erbB-2.It is worth being widely adopted in clinical practice.

Research Progress on the Relationship between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Pathological Characteristics of Liver Cancer

Liver cancer is one of the main malignant tumors in the digestive system.Early detection and treatment have positive significance in improving patient prognosis and reducing mortality.MRI is the main method for liver cancer examination,which mainly uses computers to compare imaging of different energy regions of tumors,observe the density and signal changes of liver cancer,and the degree of tumor enhancement.In particular,various new MRI functional imaging technologies,such as diffusion-weighted imaging,perfusion weighted imaging,delayed imaging,liver cell specific contrast agent enhanced imaging,etc.,can be used at the molecular level Multiple aspects such as cell function provide clinicians with richer diagnostic information.Therefore,further comparative analysis of MRI manifestations and pathological results of liver cancer can help to gain a deeper understanding of the biological behavior of tumors and provide a basis for treatment decision-making and prognosis evaluation.

Focus on laboratory tests related to the pathological types of lupus nephritis to implement renal biopsy as early as possible:clinical and pathological analysis of 217 cases of single center lupus nephritis

Objective:To analyze the clinical and laboratory indices of patients with lupus nephritis(LN)of different pathological types and explore the related factors of LN pathological classification,it is helpful to grasp the timing of renal biopsy.Methods:The clinical manifestations,laboratory parameters and renal pathological types of LN patients in recent 20 years were analyzed retrospectively by SPSS 26.0 software.Results:In this study,the first three pathological types were V,IV,V+IV;latent nephritis was common in type II and V;nephritic syndrome was common in type V;nephrotic syndrome was common in type V+IV;chronic renal insufficiency group was mostly type IV;pathological types were correlated with serum creatinine,C3,albumin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(r=0.315,P<0.001),and serum creatinine was moderately correlated(r=0.315,P<0.001);AI,CI and SLEDAI scores were significantly different among LN patients of different pathological types.Conclusion:LN is closely related to clinical pathology,clinical manifestations,comprehensive analysis of laboratory indicators and SLEDAI score to make a preliminary prediction of LN pathological type,help to initially assess the severity of pathology,improve the timing of renal biopsy implementation,optimize the timing of treatment.