Transcription factors(TFs)play essential roles in transcriptional reprogramming during activation of plant immune responses to pathogens.OsSPL10(SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like10)is an important TF regulating t...Transcription factors(TFs)play essential roles in transcriptional reprogramming during activation of plant immune responses to pathogens.OsSPL10(SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like10)is an important TF regulating trichome development and salt tolerance in rice.Here we report that knockout of OsSPL10 reduces whereas its overexpression enhances rice resistance to blast disease.OsSPL10 positively regulates chitin-induced immune responses including reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst and callose deposition.We show that OsSPL10 physically associates with OsJAmyb,an important TF involved in jasmonic acid(JA)signaling,and positively regulates its protein stability.We then prove that OsJAmyb positively regulates resistance to blast.Our results reveal a molecular module consisting of OsSPL10 and OsJAmyb that positively regulates blast resistance.展开更多
Wild soybean(Glycine soja),a relative of cultivated soybean,shows high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.We identified and characterized a wild soybean transcription factor gene,GsWRKY40,that promotes p...Wild soybean(Glycine soja),a relative of cultivated soybean,shows high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.We identified and characterized a wild soybean transcription factor gene,GsWRKY40,that promotes plant salt stress.GsWRKY40 was highly expressed in wild soybean roots and was up-regulated by salt treatment.GsWRKY40 was localized in nucleus and demonstrated DNA-binding activities but without transcriptional activation.Mutation and overexpression of GsWRKY40 altered salt tolerance of Arabidopsis plants.To understand the molecular mechanism of GsWRKY40 in regulating plant salt resistance,we screened a cDNA library and identified a GsWRKY40 interacting protein GsbHLH92 by using yeast two-hybrid approach.The physical interaction of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP),GST pull-down,and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)techniques.Intriguingly,co-overexpression of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 resulted in higher salt tolerance and lower ROS levels than overexpression of GsWRKY40 or GsbHLH92 in composite soybean plants,suggesting that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 may synergistically regulate plant salt resistance through inhibiting ROS production.qRT-PCR data indicated that the expression level of GmSPOD1 gene encoding peroxidase was cooperatively regulated by GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92,which was confirmed by using a dual luciferase report system and yeast one-hybrid experiment.Our study reveals a pathway that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 collaboratively up-regulate plant salt resistance through impeding GmSPOD1 expression and reducing ROS levels,providing a novel perspective on the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.展开更多
Drought stress impairs crop growth and development.BEL1-like family transcription factors may be involved in plant response to drought stress,but little is known of the molecular mechanism by which these proteins regu...Drought stress impairs crop growth and development.BEL1-like family transcription factors may be involved in plant response to drought stress,but little is known of the molecular mechanism by which these proteins regulate plant response and defense to drought stress.Here we show that the BEL1-like transcription factor GhBLH5-A05 functions in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)response and defense to drought stress.Expression of GhBLH5-A05 in cotton was induced by drought stress.Overexpression of GhBLH5-A05 in both Arabidopsis and cotton increased drought tolerance,whereas silencing GhBLH5-A05 in cotton resulted in elevated sensitivity to drought stress.GhBLH5-A05 binds to cis elements in the promoters of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05 to activate the expression of these genes.GhBLH5-A05 interacted with the KNOX transcription factor GhKNAT6-A03.Co-expression of GhBLH5-A05 and GhKNAT6-A03 increased the transcription of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.We conclude that GhBLH5-A05 acts as a regulatory factor with GhKNAT6-A03 functioning in cotton response to drought stress by activating the expression of the drought-responsive genes GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.展开更多
WRKY transcription factors,transcriptional regulators unique to plants,play an important role in defense response to pathogen infection.However,the resistance mechanisms of WRKY genes in sugarcane remain unclear.In th...WRKY transcription factors,transcriptional regulators unique to plants,play an important role in defense response to pathogen infection.However,the resistance mechanisms of WRKY genes in sugarcane remain unclear.In the present study,gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed that WRKY gene family in sugarcane was extensively involved in the response to biotic stress and in defense response.We identified gene ScWRKY4,a classⅡc member of the WRKY gene family,in sugarcane cultivar ROC22.This gene was induced by salicylic acid(SA)and methyl jasmonate(MeJA)stress.Interestingly,expression of ScWRKY4 was down-regulated in smut-resistant sugarcane cultivars but up-regulated in smutsusceptible sugarcane cultivars infected with Sporisorium scitamineum.Moreover,stable overexpression of the ScWRKY4 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced susceptibility to Fusarium solani var.coeruleum and caused down-regulated expression of immune marker-related genes.Transcriptome analysis indicated suppressed expression of most JAZ genes in the signal transduction pathway.ScWRKY4 interacted with ScJAZ13 to repress its expression.We thus hypothesized that the ScWRKY4 gene was involved in the regulatory network of plant disease resistance,most likely through the JA signaling pathway.The present study depicting the molecular involvement of ScWRKY4 in sugarcane disease resistance lays a foundation for future investigation.展开更多
Leaf adaxial-abaxial(ad-abaxial)polarity is crucial for leaf morphology and function,but the genetic machinery governing this process remains unclear.To uncover critical genes involved in leaf ad-abaxial patterning,we...Leaf adaxial-abaxial(ad-abaxial)polarity is crucial for leaf morphology and function,but the genetic machinery governing this process remains unclear.To uncover critical genes involved in leaf ad-abaxial patterning,we applied a combination of in silico prediction using machine learning(ML)and experimental analysis.A Random Forest model was trained using genes known to influence ad-abaxial polarity as ground truth.Gene expression data from various tissues and conditions as well as promoter regulation data derived from transcription factor chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)was used as input,enabling the prediction of novel ad-abaxial polarity-related genes and additional transcription factors.Parallel to this,available and newly-obtained transcriptome data enabled us to identify genes differentially expressed across leaf ad-abaxial sides.Based on these analyses,we obtained a set of 111 novel genes which are involved in leaf ad-abaxial specialization.To explore implications for vegetable crop breeding,we examined the conservation of expression patterns between Arabidopsis and Brassica rapa using single-cell transcriptomics.The results demonstrated the utility of our computational approach for predicting candidate genes in crop species.Our findings expand the understanding of the genetic networks governing leaf ad-abaxial differentiation in agriculturally important vegetables,enhancing comprehension of natural variation impacting leaf morphology and development,with demonstrable breeding applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas,patient prognosis remains dismal.Therefore,it is imperative to identify ...BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas,patient prognosis remains dismal.Therefore,it is imperative to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of glioma to effectively improve treatment outcomes.AIM To investigate the association between oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2(Olig2)expression and the outcomes of glioma patients.METHODS The PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies(published up to October 2023)that investigated the relationship between Olig2 expression and prognosis of glioma patients.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.Data analyses were performed using Stata Version 12.0 software.RESULTS A total of 1205 glioma patients from six studies were included in the metaanalysis.High Olig2 expression was associated with better outcomes in glioma patients[hazard ratio(HR):0.81;95%(confidence interval)CI:0.51-1.27;P=0.000].Furthermore,the results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that high expression of Olig2 was associated with poor overall survival in European patients(HR:1.34;95%CI:0.79-2.27)and better prognosis in Asian patients(HR:0.43;95%CI:0.22-0.84).The sensitivity analysis showed that no single study had a significant effect on pooled HR,and there was also no indication of publication bias according to the Egger’s and Begger’s P value test or funnel plot test.CONCLUSION High Olig2 expression may have a positive impact on the prognosis of glioma patients,and should be investigated further as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.展开更多
One of the main diseases that adversely impacts the global citrus industry is citrus bacterial canker(CBC),caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc).Response to CBC is a complex process,with both prote...One of the main diseases that adversely impacts the global citrus industry is citrus bacterial canker(CBC),caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc).Response to CBC is a complex process,with both proteinDNA as well as protein–protein interactions for the regulatory network.To detect such interactions in CBC resistant regulation,a citrus high-throughput screening system with 203 CBC-inducible transcription factors(TFs),were developed.Screening the upstream regulators of target by yeast-one hybrid(Y1H)methods was also performed.A regulatory module of CBC resistance was identified based on this system.One TF(CsDOF5.8)was explored due to its interactions with the 1-kb promoter fragment of CsPrx25,a resistant gene of CBC involved in reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis regulation.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),dual-LUC assays,as well as transient overexpression of CsDOF5.8,further validated the interactions and transcriptional regulation.The CsDOF5.8–CsPrx25 promoter interaction revealed a complex pathway that governs the regulation of CBC resistance via H2O2homeostasis.The high-throughput Y1H/Y2H screening system could be an efficient tool for studying regulatory pathways or network of CBC resistance regulation.In addition,it could highlight the potential of these candidate genes as targets for efforts to breed CBC-resistant citrus varieties.展开更多
Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecu...Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their development.This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor EB.Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal diseases.The review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal disorders.The impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing pathways.In vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal microvasculature.Additionally,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and atherogenesis.In retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in neovascularization.These cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering protection against retinal aging and diseases.The review emphasizes transcription factor EB as a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases.Therefore,it is imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence to confirm the efficacy of transcription factor EB modulation in retinal diseases while minimizing its risk of adverse effects.展开更多
Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role ...Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.展开更多
Allium senescens,is an important economic and ecological grassland plant with drought-resistant characteristics.A TCP protein transcription factor is important in the regulation of plant development and adverse respon...Allium senescens,is an important economic and ecological grassland plant with drought-resistant characteristics.A TCP protein transcription factor is important in the regulation of plant development and adverse responses.However,the mechanism by which TCP transcription functions in drought resistance in Allium senescens is still not clear.Here,we obtained a total of 190,305 transcripts with 115,562 single gene clusters based on RNA-Seq sequencing of Allium senescens under drought stress.The total number of bases was 97,195,096 bp,and the average length was 841.06 bp.Furthermore,we found that there were eight genes of the TCP family that showed an upregulated expression trend under drought stress in Allium senescens.We carried out an investigation to determine the evolution and function of the AsTCP family and how they produce an effect in drought resistance.The 14 AsTCP genes were confirmed and divided into class I and class II containing CIN and CYC/TBI subfamilies,respectively.We also found that the expression of AsTCP17 was remarkably upregulated with drought treatment.Besides,the transformation of AsTCP17 in Arabidopsis revealed that the protective enzymes,namely polyphenol oxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),were increased by 0.4 and 0.8 times,respectively.Chlorophyll content was also increased,while the H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents were decreased.Staining assays with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine(DAB)also suggested that the AsTCP17 downregulates reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.In addition,overexpression of the AsTCP17 affected the accumulation of drought-related hormones in plants,and the synthesis of ABA.The expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3,related ABA synthesis pathway genes,indicated that the level of expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3 was obviously enhanced,with the overexpression of line 6 showing a 20.6-fold and 7.0-fold increase,respectively.Taken together,our findings systematically analyze the AsTCPs family at the transcriptome expression level in Allium senescens,and we also demonstrated that AsTCP17 protein,as a positive regulator,was involved in drought resistance of Allium senescens.In addition,our research contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the drought stress defense mechanism in herbaceous plants.展开更多
Apple(Malus domestica)fruit generally undergoes a climacteric.During its ripening process,there is a peak in ethylene release and its firmness simultaneously decreases.Although more in-depth research into the mechanis...Apple(Malus domestica)fruit generally undergoes a climacteric.During its ripening process,there is a peak in ethylene release and its firmness simultaneously decreases.Although more in-depth research into the mechanism of climacteric-type fruit ripening is being carried out,some aspects remain unclear.In this study,we compared the transcriptomes of 0-Pre and 15-Post(pre-and post-climacteric fruit),and 15-Post and 15-MCP[fruit treated with 1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene)].Various transcription factors,such as MADS-box,ERF,NAC,Dof and SHF were identified among the DEGs(differential gene expressions).Furthermore,these transcription factors were selected for further validation analysis by qRT-PCR.Moreover,yeast one hybrid(Y1H),β-glucuronidase(GUS)transactivation assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that MdAGL30,MdAGL104,MdERF008,MdNAC71,MdDof1.2,MdHSFB2a and MdHSFB3 bound to MdACS1 promoter and directly regulated its transcription,thereby regulating ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit.Our results provide useful information and new insights for research on apple fruit ripening.展开更多
The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism ...The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulating oil accumulation during seed development has not been clearly addressed.Castor bean(Ricinus communis)is one of the most important non-edible oil crops and its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acids,widely applied in industry.In this study,based on castor bean reference genome,three RcWRIs genes(RcWRI1,RcWRI2 and RcWRI3)were identified and the expressed association of RcWRI1 with oil accumulation were determined.Heterologous transformation of RcWRI1 significantly increased oil content in tobacco leaf,confirming that RcWRI1 activate lipid biosynthesis pathway.Using DNA Affinity Purification sequencing(DAP-seq)technology,we confirmed RcWRI1 binding with Transcription Start Site of genes and identified 7961 WRI1-binding candidate genes.Functionally,these identified genes were mainly involved in diverse metabolism pathways(including lipid biosynthesis).Three cis-elements AW-box([CnTnG](n)7[CG])and AW-boxes like([GnAnC](n)6[GC]/[GnAnC](n)7[G])bound with RcWRI1 were identified.Co-expression network analysis of RcWRI1 further found that RcWRI1 might be widely involved in biosynthesis of storage materials during seed development.In particular,yeast one hybrid experiments found that both AP2 domains within RcWRI1 were required in binding targeted genes.These results not only provide new evidence to understand the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulation of oil accumulation during castor bean seed development,but also give candidate gene resource for subsequent genetic improvement toward increasing oil content in oilseed crops.展开更多
WRKY transcription factors(TFs)have been identified as important core regulators in the responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses.Cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea)is an important oil and protein crop.Previo...WRKY transcription factors(TFs)have been identified as important core regulators in the responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses.Cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea)is an important oil and protein crop.Previous studies have identified hundreds of WRKY TFs in peanut.However,their functions and regulatory networks remain unclear.Simultaneously,the AdWRKY40 TF is involved in drought tolerance in Arachis duranensis and has an orthologous relationship with the AhTWRKY24 TF,which has a homoeologous relationship with AhTWRKY106 TF in A.hypogaea cv.Tifrunner.To reveal how the homoeologous AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs regulate the downstream genes,DNA affinity purification sequencing(DAP-seq)was performed to detect the binding sites of TFs at the genome-wide level.A total of 3486 downstream genes were identified that were collectively regulated by the AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.The results revealed that W-box elements were the binding sites for regulation of the downstream genes by AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.A gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that these downstream genes were enriched in protein modification and reproduction in the biological process.In addition,RNA-seq data showed that the AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs regulate differentially expressed genes involved in the response to drought stress.The AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs can specifically regulate downstream genes,and they nearly equal the numbers of downstream genes from the two A.hypogaea cv.Tifrunner subgenomes.These results provide a theoretical basis to study the functions and regulatory networks of AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.展开更多
Although a few cases of genetic epistasis in plants have been reported, the combined analysis of genetically phenotypic segregation and the related molecular mechanism remains rarely studied. Here, we have identified ...Although a few cases of genetic epistasis in plants have been reported, the combined analysis of genetically phenotypic segregation and the related molecular mechanism remains rarely studied. Here, we have identified a gene(named GaPC) controlling petal coloration in Gossypium arboreum and following a heritable recessive epistatic genetic model. Petal coloration is controlled by a single dominant gene,GaPC. A loss-of-function mutation of GaPC leads to a recessive gene Gapc that masks the phenotype of other color genes and shows recessive epistatic interactions. Map-based cloning showed that GaPC encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor. A 4814-bp long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion at the second exon led to GaPC loss of function and disabled petal coloration. GaPC controlled petal coloration by regulating the anthocyanin and flavone biosynthesis pathways. Expression of core genes in the phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin pathways was higher in colored than in white petals. Petal color was conferred by flavonoids and anthocyanins, with red and yellow petals rich in anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides, respectively. This study provides new insight on molecular mechanism of recessive epistasis,also has potential breeding value by engineering GaPC to develop colored petals or fibers for multifunctional utilization of cotton.展开更多
BACKGROUND The hypoxic environment during bone healing is important in regulating the differentiation of periosteal stem cells(PSCs)into osteoblasts or chondrocytes;however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM...BACKGROUND The hypoxic environment during bone healing is important in regulating the differentiation of periosteal stem cells(PSCs)into osteoblasts or chondrocytes;however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To determine the effect of hypoxia on PSCs,and the expression of microRNA-584-5p(miR-584-5p)and RUNX family transcription factor 2(RUNX2)in PSCs was modulated to explore the impact of the miR-584-5p/RUNX2 axis on hypoxiainduced osteogenic differentiation of PSCs.METHODS In this study,we isolated primary mouse PSCs and stimulated them with hypoxia,and the characteristics and functional genes related to PSC osteogenic differentiation were assessed.Constructs expressing miR-584-5p and RUNX2 were established to determine PSC osteogenic differentiation.RESULTS Hypoxic stimulation induced PSC osteogenic differentiation and significantly increased calcified nodules,intracellular calcium ion levels,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in PSCs.Osteogenic differentiation-related factors such as RUNX2,bone morphogenetic protein 2,hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,and ALP were upregulated;in contrast,miR-584-5p was downregulated in these cells.Furthermore,upregulation of miR-584-5p significantly inhibited RUNX2 expression and hypoxia-induced PSC osteogenic differentiation.RUNX2 was the target gene of miR-584-5p,antagonizing miR-584-5p inhibition in hypoxia-induced PSC osteogenic differentiation.CONCLUSION Our study showed that the interaction of miR-584-5p and RUNX2 could mediate PSC osteogenic differentiation induced by hypoxia.展开更多
BACKGROUND A series of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer biology.Some previous studies report that lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is involved in some human malignancies.However,its ro...BACKGROUND A series of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer biology.Some previous studies report that lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is involved in some human malignancies.However,its role in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has not been fully deciphered.AIM To decipher the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in the progression of HCC.METHODS CDKN2B-AS1 expression in HCC was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The malignant phenotypes of Li-7 and SNU-182 cells were detected by the CCK-8 method,EdU method,and flow cytometry,respectively.RNA immunoprecipitation was executed to confirm the interaction between CDKN2B-AS1 and E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1).Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the binding of E2F1 to the promoter of G protein subunit alpha Z(GNAZ).E2F1 and GNAZ were detected by western blot in HCC cells.RESULTS In HCC tissues,CDKN2B-AS1 was upregulated.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells,and the depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 also induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.CDKN2B-AS1 could interact with E2F1.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the binding of E2F1 to the GNAZ promoter region.Overexpression of E2F1 reversed the biological effects of depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 on the malignant behaviors of HCC cells.CONCLUSION CDKN2B-AS1 recruits E2F1 to facilitate GNAZ transcription to promote HCC progression.展开更多
Chlorophyll contributes to tea coloration, which is an important factor in tea quality. Chlorophyll metabolism is induced by light, but the transcriptional regulation responsible for light-induced chlorophyll metaboli...Chlorophyll contributes to tea coloration, which is an important factor in tea quality. Chlorophyll metabolism is induced by light, but the transcriptional regulation responsible for light-induced chlorophyll metabolism is largely unknown in tea leaves. Here, we characterized a chlorophyllase1 gene CsCLH1 from young tea leaves and showed it is essential for chlorophyll metabolism, using transient overexpression and silencing in tea leaves and ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis. CsCLH1 was significantly induced by high light. The DOF protein CsDOF3, an upstream direct regulator of CsCLH1, was also identified. Acting as a nuclear-localized transcriptional factor, CsDOF3 responded for light and repressed CsCLH1 transcription and increased chlorophyll content by directly binding to the AAAG cis-element in the CsCLH1 promoter. CsDOF3was able to physically interact with the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsMYB308 and interfere with transcriptional activity of CsCLH1. In addition, CsMYB308 binds to the CsCLH1 promoter to enhance CsCLH1 expression and decrease chlorophyll content. CsMYB308 and CsDOF3 act as an antagonistic complex to regulate CsCLH1 transcription and chlorophyll in young leaves. Collectively, the study adds to the understanding of the transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll in tea leaves in response to light and provides a basis for improving the appearance of tea.展开更多
SrUGT76G1,the most well-studied diterpene glycosyltransferase in Stevia rebaudiana,is key to the biosynthesis of economically important steviol glycosides(SGs).However,the molecular regulatory mechanism of SrUGT76G1 h...SrUGT76G1,the most well-studied diterpene glycosyltransferase in Stevia rebaudiana,is key to the biosynthesis of economically important steviol glycosides(SGs).However,the molecular regulatory mechanism of SrUGT76G1 has rarely been explored.In this study,we identified a MYB transcription factor,SrMYB1,using a yeast one-hybrid screening assay.SrMYB1 belongs to the typical R2R3-type MYB protein and is specifically localized in the nucleus with strong transactivation activity.The transcript of SrMYB1 is predominantly accumulated in flowers,but is also present at a lower level in leaves.Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified that SrMYB1 binds directly to the MYB binding sites in the F4-3 fragment(+50–(–141))of the SrUGT76G1 promoter.Furthermore,we found that SrMYB1 could significantly repress the expression of SrUGT76G1 in both epidermal cells of tobacco leaves and stevia callus.Taken together,our results demonstrate that SrMYB1 is an essential upstream regulator of SrUGT76G1 and provide novel insight into the regulatory network for the SGs metabolic pathway in S.rebaudiana.展开更多
WRKY proteins are members of a family of transcription factors in higher plants that function in plant responses to various physiological processes.We identified 120 candidate WRKY genes from Gossypium raimondii with ...WRKY proteins are members of a family of transcription factors in higher plants that function in plant responses to various physiological processes.We identified 120 candidate WRKY genes from Gossypium raimondii with corresponding expressed sequence tags in at least one of four cotton species,Gossypium hirsutum,Gossypium barbadense,Gossypium arboreum,and G.raimondii.These WRKY members were anchored on 13 chromosomes in G.raimondii with uneven distribution.Phylogenetic analysis showed that WRKY candidate genes can be classified into three groups,with 20 members in group I,88 in group II,and 12 in group III.The88 genes in group II were further classified into five subgroups,groups IIa–e,containing 7,16,37,15,and 13 members,respectively.We characterized diversity in amino acid residues in the WRKY domain and/or other zinc finger motif regions in the WRKY proteins.The expression patterns of WRKY genes revealed their important roles in diverse functions in cotton developmental stages of vegetative and reproductive growth and stress response.Structural and expression analyses show that WRKY proteins are a class of important regulators of growth and development and play key roles in response to stresses in cotton.展开更多
基金supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation Key Program of Fujian Province(2023J02011)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970281,31671668)+1 种基金a Sino-German Mobility Program funded jointly by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGerman Research Foundation(M-0275).
文摘Transcription factors(TFs)play essential roles in transcriptional reprogramming during activation of plant immune responses to pathogens.OsSPL10(SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like10)is an important TF regulating trichome development and salt tolerance in rice.Here we report that knockout of OsSPL10 reduces whereas its overexpression enhances rice resistance to blast disease.OsSPL10 positively regulates chitin-induced immune responses including reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst and callose deposition.We show that OsSPL10 physically associates with OsJAmyb,an important TF involved in jasmonic acid(JA)signaling,and positively regulates its protein stability.We then prove that OsJAmyb positively regulates resistance to blast.Our results reveal a molecular module consisting of OsSPL10 and OsJAmyb that positively regulates blast resistance.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD120110402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272048,32272017)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2022C019)。
文摘Wild soybean(Glycine soja),a relative of cultivated soybean,shows high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions.We identified and characterized a wild soybean transcription factor gene,GsWRKY40,that promotes plant salt stress.GsWRKY40 was highly expressed in wild soybean roots and was up-regulated by salt treatment.GsWRKY40 was localized in nucleus and demonstrated DNA-binding activities but without transcriptional activation.Mutation and overexpression of GsWRKY40 altered salt tolerance of Arabidopsis plants.To understand the molecular mechanism of GsWRKY40 in regulating plant salt resistance,we screened a cDNA library and identified a GsWRKY40 interacting protein GsbHLH92 by using yeast two-hybrid approach.The physical interaction of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP),GST pull-down,and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)techniques.Intriguingly,co-overexpression of GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 resulted in higher salt tolerance and lower ROS levels than overexpression of GsWRKY40 or GsbHLH92 in composite soybean plants,suggesting that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 may synergistically regulate plant salt resistance through inhibiting ROS production.qRT-PCR data indicated that the expression level of GmSPOD1 gene encoding peroxidase was cooperatively regulated by GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92,which was confirmed by using a dual luciferase report system and yeast one-hybrid experiment.Our study reveals a pathway that GsWRKY40 and GsbHLH92 collaboratively up-regulate plant salt resistance through impeding GmSPOD1 expression and reducing ROS levels,providing a novel perspective on the regulatory mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to abiotic stresses.
基金supported by the Project from the Ministry of Agriculture of China for Transgenic Research(2014ZX0800927B)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871667).
文摘Drought stress impairs crop growth and development.BEL1-like family transcription factors may be involved in plant response to drought stress,but little is known of the molecular mechanism by which these proteins regulate plant response and defense to drought stress.Here we show that the BEL1-like transcription factor GhBLH5-A05 functions in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)response and defense to drought stress.Expression of GhBLH5-A05 in cotton was induced by drought stress.Overexpression of GhBLH5-A05 in both Arabidopsis and cotton increased drought tolerance,whereas silencing GhBLH5-A05 in cotton resulted in elevated sensitivity to drought stress.GhBLH5-A05 binds to cis elements in the promoters of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05 to activate the expression of these genes.GhBLH5-A05 interacted with the KNOX transcription factor GhKNAT6-A03.Co-expression of GhBLH5-A05 and GhKNAT6-A03 increased the transcription of GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.We conclude that GhBLH5-A05 acts as a regulatory factor with GhKNAT6-A03 functioning in cotton response to drought stress by activating the expression of the drought-responsive genes GhRD20-A09 and GhDREB2C-D05.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2301100 and 2019YFD1000503)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J01137)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2020081A)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-17).
文摘WRKY transcription factors,transcriptional regulators unique to plants,play an important role in defense response to pathogen infection.However,the resistance mechanisms of WRKY genes in sugarcane remain unclear.In the present study,gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed that WRKY gene family in sugarcane was extensively involved in the response to biotic stress and in defense response.We identified gene ScWRKY4,a classⅡc member of the WRKY gene family,in sugarcane cultivar ROC22.This gene was induced by salicylic acid(SA)and methyl jasmonate(MeJA)stress.Interestingly,expression of ScWRKY4 was down-regulated in smut-resistant sugarcane cultivars but up-regulated in smutsusceptible sugarcane cultivars infected with Sporisorium scitamineum.Moreover,stable overexpression of the ScWRKY4 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced susceptibility to Fusarium solani var.coeruleum and caused down-regulated expression of immune marker-related genes.Transcriptome analysis indicated suppressed expression of most JAZ genes in the signal transduction pathway.ScWRKY4 interacted with ScJAZ13 to repress its expression.We thus hypothesized that the ScWRKY4 gene was involved in the regulatory network of plant disease resistance,most likely through the JA signaling pathway.The present study depicting the molecular involvement of ScWRKY4 in sugarcane disease resistance lays a foundation for future investigation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFF1003003)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Grant No.Y2023PT16)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP)supported by China Scholarship Council (Grant No.202103250097)。
文摘Leaf adaxial-abaxial(ad-abaxial)polarity is crucial for leaf morphology and function,but the genetic machinery governing this process remains unclear.To uncover critical genes involved in leaf ad-abaxial patterning,we applied a combination of in silico prediction using machine learning(ML)and experimental analysis.A Random Forest model was trained using genes known to influence ad-abaxial polarity as ground truth.Gene expression data from various tissues and conditions as well as promoter regulation data derived from transcription factor chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)was used as input,enabling the prediction of novel ad-abaxial polarity-related genes and additional transcription factors.Parallel to this,available and newly-obtained transcriptome data enabled us to identify genes differentially expressed across leaf ad-abaxial sides.Based on these analyses,we obtained a set of 111 novel genes which are involved in leaf ad-abaxial specialization.To explore implications for vegetable crop breeding,we examined the conservation of expression patterns between Arabidopsis and Brassica rapa using single-cell transcriptomics.The results demonstrated the utility of our computational approach for predicting candidate genes in crop species.Our findings expand the understanding of the genetic networks governing leaf ad-abaxial differentiation in agriculturally important vegetables,enhancing comprehension of natural variation impacting leaf morphology and development,with demonstrable breeding applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm.Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas,patient prognosis remains dismal.Therefore,it is imperative to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of glioma to effectively improve treatment outcomes.AIM To investigate the association between oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2(Olig2)expression and the outcomes of glioma patients.METHODS The PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies(published up to October 2023)that investigated the relationship between Olig2 expression and prognosis of glioma patients.The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.Data analyses were performed using Stata Version 12.0 software.RESULTS A total of 1205 glioma patients from six studies were included in the metaanalysis.High Olig2 expression was associated with better outcomes in glioma patients[hazard ratio(HR):0.81;95%(confidence interval)CI:0.51-1.27;P=0.000].Furthermore,the results of subgroup meta-analysis showed that high expression of Olig2 was associated with poor overall survival in European patients(HR:1.34;95%CI:0.79-2.27)and better prognosis in Asian patients(HR:0.43;95%CI:0.22-0.84).The sensitivity analysis showed that no single study had a significant effect on pooled HR,and there was also no indication of publication bias according to the Egger’s and Begger’s P value test or funnel plot test.CONCLUSION High Olig2 expression may have a positive impact on the prognosis of glioma patients,and should be investigated further as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for glioma.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201600)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-26)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(SWU-XDJH202308)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China(KJQN202001418)。
文摘One of the main diseases that adversely impacts the global citrus industry is citrus bacterial canker(CBC),caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp.citri(Xcc).Response to CBC is a complex process,with both proteinDNA as well as protein–protein interactions for the regulatory network.To detect such interactions in CBC resistant regulation,a citrus high-throughput screening system with 203 CBC-inducible transcription factors(TFs),were developed.Screening the upstream regulators of target by yeast-one hybrid(Y1H)methods was also performed.A regulatory module of CBC resistance was identified based on this system.One TF(CsDOF5.8)was explored due to its interactions with the 1-kb promoter fragment of CsPrx25,a resistant gene of CBC involved in reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis regulation.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA),dual-LUC assays,as well as transient overexpression of CsDOF5.8,further validated the interactions and transcriptional regulation.The CsDOF5.8–CsPrx25 promoter interaction revealed a complex pathway that governs the regulation of CBC resistance via H2O2homeostasis.The high-throughput Y1H/Y2H screening system could be an efficient tool for studying regulatory pathways or network of CBC resistance regulation.In addition,it could highlight the potential of these candidate genes as targets for efforts to breed CBC-resistant citrus varieties.
基金supported by the Start-up Fund for new faculty from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(PolyU)(A0043215)(to SA)the General Research Fund and Research Impact Fund from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(15106018,R5032-18)(to DYT)+1 种基金the Research Center for SHARP Vision in PolyU(P0045843)(to SA)the InnoHK scheme from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government(to DYT).
文摘Retinal aging has been recognized as a significant risk factor for various retinal disorders,including diabetic retinopathy,age-related macular degeneration,and glaucoma,following a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of their development.This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of retinal aging and investigates potential neuroprotective approaches,focusing on the activation of transcription factor EB.Recent meta-analyses have demonstrated promising outcomes of transcription factor EB-targeted strategies,such as exercise,calorie restriction,rapamycin,and metformin,in patients and animal models of these common retinal diseases.The review critically assesses the role of transcription factor EB in retinal biology during aging,its neuroprotective effects,and its therapeutic potential for retinal disorders.The impact of transcription factor EB on retinal aging is cell-specific,influencing metabolic reprogramming and energy homeostasis in retinal neurons through the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and nutrient-sensing pathways.In vascular endothelial cells,transcription factor EB controls important processes,including endothelial cell proliferation,endothelial tube formation,and nitric oxide levels,thereby influencing the inner blood-retinal barrier,angiogenesis,and retinal microvasculature.Additionally,transcription factor EB affects vascular smooth muscle cells,inhibiting vascular calcification and atherogenesis.In retinal pigment epithelial cells,transcription factor EB modulates functions such as autophagy,lysosomal dynamics,and clearance of the aging pigment lipofuscin,thereby promoting photoreceptor survival and regulating vascular endothelial growth factor A expression involved in neovascularization.These cell-specific functions of transcription factor EB significantly impact retinal aging mechanisms encompassing proteostasis,neuronal synapse plasticity,energy metabolism,microvasculature,and inflammation,ultimately offering protection against retinal aging and diseases.The review emphasizes transcription factor EB as a potential therapeutic target for retinal diseases.Therefore,it is imperative to obtain well-controlled direct experimental evidence to confirm the efficacy of transcription factor EB modulation in retinal diseases while minimizing its risk of adverse effects.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS11-HNCX)the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (ZDKJ2021012)+3 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (1630052022008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501378)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab (B21HJ0303)。
文摘Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.
基金supported by the Hebei Grass Industry Innovation Team of the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(HBCT2018050204).
文摘Allium senescens,is an important economic and ecological grassland plant with drought-resistant characteristics.A TCP protein transcription factor is important in the regulation of plant development and adverse responses.However,the mechanism by which TCP transcription functions in drought resistance in Allium senescens is still not clear.Here,we obtained a total of 190,305 transcripts with 115,562 single gene clusters based on RNA-Seq sequencing of Allium senescens under drought stress.The total number of bases was 97,195,096 bp,and the average length was 841.06 bp.Furthermore,we found that there were eight genes of the TCP family that showed an upregulated expression trend under drought stress in Allium senescens.We carried out an investigation to determine the evolution and function of the AsTCP family and how they produce an effect in drought resistance.The 14 AsTCP genes were confirmed and divided into class I and class II containing CIN and CYC/TBI subfamilies,respectively.We also found that the expression of AsTCP17 was remarkably upregulated with drought treatment.Besides,the transformation of AsTCP17 in Arabidopsis revealed that the protective enzymes,namely polyphenol oxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),were increased by 0.4 and 0.8 times,respectively.Chlorophyll content was also increased,while the H2O2 and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents were decreased.Staining assays with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine(DAB)also suggested that the AsTCP17 downregulates reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.In addition,overexpression of the AsTCP17 affected the accumulation of drought-related hormones in plants,and the synthesis of ABA.The expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3,related ABA synthesis pathway genes,indicated that the level of expression of AtSVP and AtNCED3 was obviously enhanced,with the overexpression of line 6 showing a 20.6-fold and 7.0-fold increase,respectively.Taken together,our findings systematically analyze the AsTCPs family at the transcriptome expression level in Allium senescens,and we also demonstrated that AsTCP17 protein,as a positive regulator,was involved in drought resistance of Allium senescens.In addition,our research contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the drought stress defense mechanism in herbaceous plants.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32002006)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M680984).
文摘Apple(Malus domestica)fruit generally undergoes a climacteric.During its ripening process,there is a peak in ethylene release and its firmness simultaneously decreases.Although more in-depth research into the mechanism of climacteric-type fruit ripening is being carried out,some aspects remain unclear.In this study,we compared the transcriptomes of 0-Pre and 15-Post(pre-and post-climacteric fruit),and 15-Post and 15-MCP[fruit treated with 1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene)].Various transcription factors,such as MADS-box,ERF,NAC,Dof and SHF were identified among the DEGs(differential gene expressions).Furthermore,these transcription factors were selected for further validation analysis by qRT-PCR.Moreover,yeast one hybrid(Y1H),β-glucuronidase(GUS)transactivation assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that MdAGL30,MdAGL104,MdERF008,MdNAC71,MdDof1.2,MdHSFB2a and MdHSFB3 bound to MdACS1 promoter and directly regulated its transcription,thereby regulating ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit.Our results provide useful information and new insights for research on apple fruit ripening.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31701465)。
文摘The transcription factor WRINKLED1(WRI1),a member of AP2 gene family that contain typical AP2 domains,has been considered as a master regulator regulating oil biosynthesis in oilseeds.However,the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulating oil accumulation during seed development has not been clearly addressed.Castor bean(Ricinus communis)is one of the most important non-edible oil crops and its seed oils are rich in hydroxy fatty acids,widely applied in industry.In this study,based on castor bean reference genome,three RcWRIs genes(RcWRI1,RcWRI2 and RcWRI3)were identified and the expressed association of RcWRI1 with oil accumulation were determined.Heterologous transformation of RcWRI1 significantly increased oil content in tobacco leaf,confirming that RcWRI1 activate lipid biosynthesis pathway.Using DNA Affinity Purification sequencing(DAP-seq)technology,we confirmed RcWRI1 binding with Transcription Start Site of genes and identified 7961 WRI1-binding candidate genes.Functionally,these identified genes were mainly involved in diverse metabolism pathways(including lipid biosynthesis).Three cis-elements AW-box([CnTnG](n)7[CG])and AW-boxes like([GnAnC](n)6[GC]/[GnAnC](n)7[G])bound with RcWRI1 were identified.Co-expression network analysis of RcWRI1 further found that RcWRI1 might be widely involved in biosynthesis of storage materials during seed development.In particular,yeast one hybrid experiments found that both AP2 domains within RcWRI1 were required in binding targeted genes.These results not only provide new evidence to understand the regulatory mechanism of RcWRI1 in regulation of oil accumulation during castor bean seed development,but also give candidate gene resource for subsequent genetic improvement toward increasing oil content in oilseed crops.
基金funded by the Start-up Foundation for High Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University(No.665/1120012)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2019QC017)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program,China(2022YFD2300101-1)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(2021LZGC003 and 2021LZGC026-03)Peanut Seed Industry Project in Shandong Province,China(2022LZGC007)the Science&Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta,China(2022SZX18)the Graduate Student Innovation Program of Qingdao Agricultural University(QNYCX23001).
文摘WRKY transcription factors(TFs)have been identified as important core regulators in the responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses.Cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea)is an important oil and protein crop.Previous studies have identified hundreds of WRKY TFs in peanut.However,their functions and regulatory networks remain unclear.Simultaneously,the AdWRKY40 TF is involved in drought tolerance in Arachis duranensis and has an orthologous relationship with the AhTWRKY24 TF,which has a homoeologous relationship with AhTWRKY106 TF in A.hypogaea cv.Tifrunner.To reveal how the homoeologous AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs regulate the downstream genes,DNA affinity purification sequencing(DAP-seq)was performed to detect the binding sites of TFs at the genome-wide level.A total of 3486 downstream genes were identified that were collectively regulated by the AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.The results revealed that W-box elements were the binding sites for regulation of the downstream genes by AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.A gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that these downstream genes were enriched in protein modification and reproduction in the biological process.In addition,RNA-seq data showed that the AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs regulate differentially expressed genes involved in the response to drought stress.The AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs can specifically regulate downstream genes,and they nearly equal the numbers of downstream genes from the two A.hypogaea cv.Tifrunner subgenomes.These results provide a theoretical basis to study the functions and regulatory networks of AhTWRKY24 and AhTWRKY106 TFs.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYZZ2022003)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production project (No.10)。
文摘Although a few cases of genetic epistasis in plants have been reported, the combined analysis of genetically phenotypic segregation and the related molecular mechanism remains rarely studied. Here, we have identified a gene(named GaPC) controlling petal coloration in Gossypium arboreum and following a heritable recessive epistatic genetic model. Petal coloration is controlled by a single dominant gene,GaPC. A loss-of-function mutation of GaPC leads to a recessive gene Gapc that masks the phenotype of other color genes and shows recessive epistatic interactions. Map-based cloning showed that GaPC encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor. A 4814-bp long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion at the second exon led to GaPC loss of function and disabled petal coloration. GaPC controlled petal coloration by regulating the anthocyanin and flavone biosynthesis pathways. Expression of core genes in the phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin pathways was higher in colored than in white petals. Petal color was conferred by flavonoids and anthocyanins, with red and yellow petals rich in anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides, respectively. This study provides new insight on molecular mechanism of recessive epistasis,also has potential breeding value by engineering GaPC to develop colored petals or fibers for multifunctional utilization of cotton.
基金Supported by Sailing Program of Naval Medical University,Program of Shanghai Hongkou District Health Commission,No.2202-27Special Funds for Activating Scientific Research of Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital,No.sykyqd05801.
文摘BACKGROUND The hypoxic environment during bone healing is important in regulating the differentiation of periosteal stem cells(PSCs)into osteoblasts or chondrocytes;however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To determine the effect of hypoxia on PSCs,and the expression of microRNA-584-5p(miR-584-5p)and RUNX family transcription factor 2(RUNX2)in PSCs was modulated to explore the impact of the miR-584-5p/RUNX2 axis on hypoxiainduced osteogenic differentiation of PSCs.METHODS In this study,we isolated primary mouse PSCs and stimulated them with hypoxia,and the characteristics and functional genes related to PSC osteogenic differentiation were assessed.Constructs expressing miR-584-5p and RUNX2 were established to determine PSC osteogenic differentiation.RESULTS Hypoxic stimulation induced PSC osteogenic differentiation and significantly increased calcified nodules,intracellular calcium ion levels,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in PSCs.Osteogenic differentiation-related factors such as RUNX2,bone morphogenetic protein 2,hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,and ALP were upregulated;in contrast,miR-584-5p was downregulated in these cells.Furthermore,upregulation of miR-584-5p significantly inhibited RUNX2 expression and hypoxia-induced PSC osteogenic differentiation.RUNX2 was the target gene of miR-584-5p,antagonizing miR-584-5p inhibition in hypoxia-induced PSC osteogenic differentiation.CONCLUSION Our study showed that the interaction of miR-584-5p and RUNX2 could mediate PSC osteogenic differentiation induced by hypoxia.
文摘BACKGROUND A series of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer biology.Some previous studies report that lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is involved in some human malignancies.However,its role in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has not been fully deciphered.AIM To decipher the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in the progression of HCC.METHODS CDKN2B-AS1 expression in HCC was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The malignant phenotypes of Li-7 and SNU-182 cells were detected by the CCK-8 method,EdU method,and flow cytometry,respectively.RNA immunoprecipitation was executed to confirm the interaction between CDKN2B-AS1 and E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1).Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the binding of E2F1 to the promoter of G protein subunit alpha Z(GNAZ).E2F1 and GNAZ were detected by western blot in HCC cells.RESULTS In HCC tissues,CDKN2B-AS1 was upregulated.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells,and the depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 also induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.CDKN2B-AS1 could interact with E2F1.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the binding of E2F1 to the GNAZ promoter region.Overexpression of E2F1 reversed the biological effects of depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 on the malignant behaviors of HCC cells.CONCLUSION CDKN2B-AS1 recruits E2F1 to facilitate GNAZ transcription to promote HCC progression.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31700609)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2017BC086)State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization Open Foundation(Grant No.SKLTOF20180104)。
文摘Chlorophyll contributes to tea coloration, which is an important factor in tea quality. Chlorophyll metabolism is induced by light, but the transcriptional regulation responsible for light-induced chlorophyll metabolism is largely unknown in tea leaves. Here, we characterized a chlorophyllase1 gene CsCLH1 from young tea leaves and showed it is essential for chlorophyll metabolism, using transient overexpression and silencing in tea leaves and ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis. CsCLH1 was significantly induced by high light. The DOF protein CsDOF3, an upstream direct regulator of CsCLH1, was also identified. Acting as a nuclear-localized transcriptional factor, CsDOF3 responded for light and repressed CsCLH1 transcription and increased chlorophyll content by directly binding to the AAAG cis-element in the CsCLH1 promoter. CsDOF3was able to physically interact with the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CsMYB308 and interfere with transcriptional activity of CsCLH1. In addition, CsMYB308 binds to the CsCLH1 promoter to enhance CsCLH1 expression and decrease chlorophyll content. CsMYB308 and CsDOF3 act as an antagonistic complex to regulate CsCLH1 transcription and chlorophyll in young leaves. Collectively, the study adds to the understanding of the transcriptional regulation of chlorophyll in tea leaves in response to light and provides a basis for improving the appearance of tea.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901597)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20201243)。
文摘SrUGT76G1,the most well-studied diterpene glycosyltransferase in Stevia rebaudiana,is key to the biosynthesis of economically important steviol glycosides(SGs).However,the molecular regulatory mechanism of SrUGT76G1 has rarely been explored.In this study,we identified a MYB transcription factor,SrMYB1,using a yeast one-hybrid screening assay.SrMYB1 belongs to the typical R2R3-type MYB protein and is specifically localized in the nucleus with strong transactivation activity.The transcript of SrMYB1 is predominantly accumulated in flowers,but is also present at a lower level in leaves.Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified that SrMYB1 binds directly to the MYB binding sites in the F4-3 fragment(+50–(–141))of the SrUGT76G1 promoter.Furthermore,we found that SrMYB1 could significantly repress the expression of SrUGT76G1 in both epidermal cells of tobacco leaves and stevia callus.Taken together,our results demonstrate that SrMYB1 is an essential upstream regulator of SrUGT76G1 and provide novel insight into the regulatory network for the SGs metabolic pathway in S.rebaudiana.
基金financially supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(31171590)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20090097110010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK2010065)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘WRKY proteins are members of a family of transcription factors in higher plants that function in plant responses to various physiological processes.We identified 120 candidate WRKY genes from Gossypium raimondii with corresponding expressed sequence tags in at least one of four cotton species,Gossypium hirsutum,Gossypium barbadense,Gossypium arboreum,and G.raimondii.These WRKY members were anchored on 13 chromosomes in G.raimondii with uneven distribution.Phylogenetic analysis showed that WRKY candidate genes can be classified into three groups,with 20 members in group I,88 in group II,and 12 in group III.The88 genes in group II were further classified into five subgroups,groups IIa–e,containing 7,16,37,15,and 13 members,respectively.We characterized diversity in amino acid residues in the WRKY domain and/or other zinc finger motif regions in the WRKY proteins.The expression patterns of WRKY genes revealed their important roles in diverse functions in cotton developmental stages of vegetative and reproductive growth and stress response.Structural and expression analyses show that WRKY proteins are a class of important regulators of growth and development and play key roles in response to stresses in cotton.