Shaping a New Level of Bus Service under a Novel Concept of Bus Interaction: A Meta-Review

Public transport services, particularly bus services, play an important role in a sustainable transportation system. However, despite various efforts, bus ridership has decreased. The appearance of shared and on-demand vehicle services is one of the main reasons for this issue. In addition, bus tourism services have been successfully developed to meet the exigent needs of tourists. Therefore, a new level of daily bus service is necessary to adapt to the changing demands of customers. Bus interaction (BI) plays an important role in bus services. Nevertheless, the conventional concept of BI mainly refers to users, physical interaction, and safety, but it does not address non-users, non-physical interactions, service quality, and other aspects. This study aims to elaborate on a new concept of bus services. Based on this, we developed a theoretical framework for BI. A meta-analysis was then conducted to identify the achievements and untouched aspects. The results of this study provide three main contributions. First, an unprecedented novel concept of BI is defined, including 13 types of interactions. Second, a comprehensive theoretical framework of BI is established based on the relationships between eight sustainable bus system sub-aspects and 13 BI types. Third, based on the theoretical framework and findings of the reviewed studies, a common finding comprehensive framework of BI is completed, which is accompanied by 1) key findings of the 13 BI types, 2) conclusions of traffic conditions affecting BI research, 3) BI research gaps, and 4) 16 main suggestions for future BI research.

Customer Perception of Bus Services Based on the SERVQUAL Dimensions——A report of Wessex Red Bus service in UK

With the development of society, customers are having an increasing expectation on bus service. Problems such as bus being late all the time seem to become common. It usually annoys the customers and have a bad influence on bus companies.It's crucial to improve the bus service. This report adapts and applies a modified SERVQUAL approach to estimate the service quality in public transport. Wessex Red servcie, bus service in England UK, operated in partnership with the University of the West of England and the University of Bristol, is evaluated in the report being representative for bus service. In this study, the author has applied the SERVQUAL questionnaire among the three groups of customers in Bristol UK based on these five dimensions of SERVQUAL:"Tangibles, Responsiveness, Assurance, Reliability and Empathy"(Parasuraman, 1988). The results illustrates a high degree of importance placed on reliability, in which bus being late is an issue most concerned. The author analyzes the problem and finally provides suggestions and recommendation for the issue. This study is to provide a quality evaluation tool readily usable by transport operators willing to certify the service offered and it also offers a tool for practioners characterized by flexibility so as to fit individual needs. In addition, this study is beneficial to students who are learning Marketing. The study provides students a methodology in their marketing research. It also gives students a tool to evaluate services so as to set up their marketing plan and could give a better horizon to understand marketing.

Utility and Weight of Factors of Bus Transit's Service Quality Analysis in Nanjing

Service quality is a major factor that affects how public transport users evaluate bus service. In order to evaluate how bus users make trade-offs across travel cost,time,reliability,etc.,and to investigate the extent to which the components of service quality vary according to relevant trip characteristics,this paper analyzes service quality of bus transit with the conjoint analysis. Through data analysis,the levels 'utility values of reliability,waiting time,walking time,etc.,on the commuter trip and the non-commuter trip are gotten,so it is the utility function of the transit system. Then the factors' weights are obtained through the utility values. The results show that on the commuter trip,passengers value reliability the most,which is followed by waiting time and walking time,while in-bus environment,price and station environment's weights are small. While on the non-commuter trip,the weights in a higher order to lower order are the first for reliability,the second for in-bus environment,the third for walking time,the fourth for station environment and the last for ticket price.

Application of CAN Bus in Hotel Guest Room Service and Management System

Technical features about CAN bus are described. One kind of scheme in Hotel Guest Room Service and Management System based on CAN bus is presented. The system's structure and main function are expounded. The work principle and design of the system's hardware and software are explained. The realization of the system's hardware and software is detailed from aspects of improving system's anti-jamming and fault self-examined capability, and the block diagram of each part's circuit is given. Finally, features of the system are summarized, and a comparison with the system based on RS485 was made to prove the advantages of the system. By practice, CAN bus in the system can transmit data steadily and reliably.

An Analysis of the Women Commuters’ Satisfaction in the Public Bus Service in Bangladesh: A Survey on Local Buses in Major Cities

Bangladesh is one of the most populated developing countries where public bus service plays a vital role as a public transport mode since it is easily available and cost-effective. In the social, commercial, educational, and administrative spheres, women’s participation in the labor force in economic enterprises is steadily expanding in the country. Very little research considers only women commuters to analyze the service quality of public buses and they selected only Dhaka city as a study area. However, a large number of trips were generated by women commuters in the industrial and commercial zones such as Gazipur, Narayanganj, and Dhaka. This paper ascertains the public bus service attributes that affect women commuters’ satisfaction as well as finds out the major problems of women commuters while traveling on public buses and the possible solutions to them. This survey included 766 women commuters from Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Gazipur who were interviewed face to face. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used as the instrument for identifying the service quality (SQ) attributes that influenced the women commuters’ satisfaction. A series of models were developed based on the trial-and-error method and the model M3 is selected as the best fit according to SEM fit indices values. The study’s main goal was to compile a list of service quality attributes that influence women commuters’ satisfaction. Major issues with the current public bus service in terms of safety and security, as well as remedies, were identified through discussions with experienced female commuters. These findings reveal that women commuters’ satisfaction is primarily influenced by safety and security, as well as the degree of comfort provided by bus service because they frequently encounter major safety and security issues on public buses and want an immediate remedy. This paper offers some potential strategies for addressing the issues, which may prompt policymakers to pay more attention to these aspects in transportation planning.

Exploring the Commuters’ Willingness-to-Pay and Its Influencing Factors for an Improved Public Bus Service in Dhaka City

Improved transportation services are a crucial component of urban growth, particularly in emerging cities like Dhaka. Ensuring an improved public bus service quality is a challenge for the city’s transport planners and policy makers. Nevertheless, this challenge can’t be met without the support of the residents of this city. This study intends to evaluate the commuters’ willingness to pay (WTP) for an improved and better public bus service quality in Dhaka city. It also attempts to explore the factors affecting the commuters’ WTP amounts. In order to accomplish the study’s goals, a stated preference survey was designed to enquire into the whys and wherefores of female passengers’ harassment on public buses and also to prefer some influential service quality features. WTP values of respondents were calibrated using binary and ordinal logistic models, and these models were developed using SPSS version 26. The results indicate that the majority of respondents were willing to pay more for better service facilities, and they point to security as the most important factor in determining how much extra fare commuters are willing to pay. The results also demonstrate that commuters’ WTP amounts are highly influenced by the respondents’ monthly income. Results from this study have important policy implications, such as protecting women’s safety on public transportation and taking commuters’ socio-demographic characteristics into account before enacting any legislation or increasing fares.

Gap Analysis between Women Passengers’ Perception and Expectations about Bus Service: A Case Study on Bangladesh

Since public bus service is frequently available and reasonably priced in major cities of Bangladesh including Dhaka, the capital city, a significant number of economically active women regularly commute to work utilizing public buses. Since female commuters experience unique challenges compared to their male counterparts, a gap analysis on the perception of men and women, as well as the difference between the female commuters’ perceptions and expectations, could help to pinpoint the issues. The aim of this paper is to determine the gap between female commuters’ perceptions and expectations of bus service quality in Bangladesh, as well as the current perception of both male and female passengers. In this paper, the data obtained is studied to determine the service quality needs which should be improved by analyzing the perception and expectation gaps for female passengers. SERVQUAL models were used to examine the disparities between perceptions and aspirations in Bangladesh’s major cities. Tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy are the five dimensions of SERVQUAL. The data for this study was collected from 1500 commuters in Bangladesh’s largest cities, including Dhaka, Gazipur, and Narayanganj. Primary data was gathered using a purpose-built questionnaire survey. The Gap values are negative in all dimensions, according to the findings of the study. In the data analysis, a negative gap value indicates that the expectation exceeds the perception. According to the gap analysis, the quality of bus service for passengers is insufficient. Bus service quality is seen and expected to be quite varied. It is vital to improve bus service to meet the needs of women. The findings could be valuable in planning future transportation policies that take female commuters’ needs into account.

On the Security of Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Mobile Pay-TV

One of the promising multimedia services is the mobile pay-TV service. Due to its wireless nature, mobile pay-TV is vulnerable to attacks especially during hand-off. In 2011, an efficient anonymous authentication protocol for mobile pay-TV is proposed. The authors claim that their scheme provides an anonymous authentication to users by preventing intruders from obtaining users’ IDs during the mutual authentication between mobile subscribers and head end systems. However, after analysis, it was found that the scheme does not provide anonymous authentication and users can be easily tracked while using their anonymous identity. The scheme is also subject to denial of service attack. In this paper the deficiencies of the original scheme are demonstrated, and then a proposed improved scheme that eliminates these deficiencies is presented.

Enterprise Service Bus: A Performance Evaluation

The flexibility offered by an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) in enabling various applications to exchange data makes it a very important middleware layer that is responsible for transporting data in a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). The popularity of the ESB has given rise to a number of commercial off the shelf (COTS) products as well as open source ESBs. In this study, we evaluated three open source ESBs and compared them both qualitatively and quantitatively. The empirical results were statistically tested to determine the statistical significance of the results.

CAS 132-2006 Standard for Flat Panel Display TV Set Installation Service Formulating and Enforcing Main Point Explanation and Analysis

CAS 132-2006 formulation background and work courses Flat panel display technology is maturing alongside the development of science and technology. The prices of flat panel display TV sets are becoming lower and lower. Flat panel display TV sets have begun entering the mainstream and are now the first choice of some consumers when making new TV purchases.Display TV Set Installation Service Point Explanation and AnalysisRepair, Retreat and Change Duty Stipulations. Peculiar use conditions, usage environments, and the practical circumstances of user consumption service requirements, etc., were also taken into account on the basis of extensive investigation, testing, and verification.……

三网融合下电信运营商TV屏业务发展策略建议

随着三网融合政策的陆续出台,广电系和电信系的产业竞合态势也日渐明朗:业务交叉竞争形势下,广电系和电信系都面临着进入新的产业领域的机会和防御现有业务领域的挑战。在这种形势下,以家庭用户和家庭市场为中心的TV屏业务成为各方竞争的必争之地。文章通过分析三网融合下电信运营商部署TV屏业务的机遇与挑战,给出了电信运营商部署TV屏业务的整体思路和具体策略建议,包括IPTV和互联网电视的业务形态、产品方案和运营模式等,以供参考。

P2PIPTV技术进展

IPTV的发展面临客户机/服务器模式的输入/输出“瓶颈”的制约;另外一方面,中国在发展P2PInternetTV方面取得了骄人的进展。用发展P2PInternetTV的思路和技术发展IPTV有可能开创新局面,即P2PIPTV的概念。发展P2PIPTV有可能使中国实现世界级的技术创新。由于电信业在发展宽带业务方面有强烈的需求和良好的基础,有先进的网络基础设施和有国际竞争力的电信和网络设备制造业,可以成功地支持这一创新。

CATV中的数字电视技术及其应用

随着电视信号格式的数字化发展,CATV中的数字电视技术成为人们研究的一个热点。分析数字电视技术及其应用视频业务。

TV-Anytime系统中动态自适应的影像对象映射

该文提出了两种不同的策略 ,来处理一个基于层次型服务器网络的大规模 TV- Anytim e系统中的动态影像映射问题 .基于预测的阶段性重映射策略是每隔一个时间周期决定服务器网络中的影像对象映射 ,以处理系统较长时间内的变化 .自适应的重分配策略则处理系统较短时间内的变化 ,该重分配策略基于不同影像对象的收益 /开销 ,其目标是尽大化服务器系统产生的收益 .模拟实验表明 。

基于TV-Anytime规范的PDR多Agent个性化服务

目的研究基于TV-Anytime规范的新一代智能个人数字媒体设备PDR的个性化服务关键技术。方法引入特征表示和相似度度量算法,提出用户个人喜好知识的学习和更新方法,研究了多个Agent之间的通信机制。结果提出PDR智能多Agent个性化服务的关键技术及主要算法和机制,给出验证系统的设计。结论提出的算法和机制为实现PDR智能多Agent个性化服务奠定了基础。

透视三网融合下的TV屏业务

从三网融合下TV屏业务的内涵与外延分析出发,对新形势下典型的TV屏业务——有线数字电视、IPTV和OTT TV——的产品特点、产业价值链和产业成熟度、市场表现、业务模式和发展前景进行了深入的比较分析,以供各方参考。

三网融合下IPTV、数字电视、网络电视的发展研究

介绍了三网融合趋势下各种视频服务的发展和挑战,并对国内外的各种视频应用案例和行业趋势进行了分析,提出了中国三网融合环境下的视频业务发展判断,最后对三网融合网络和业务的发展提出了几点建议。

基于Web Service的数字电视用户管理系统设计

数字电视用户管理系统（SMS：Subscriber Management System）是指采用数字技术、网络技术对用户订购的数字电视产品进行服务，实现对数字电视广播条件接收用户管理的运营管理信息系统。它与条件接收系统（CAS）、节目管理技术（PMS）一起构成可管理、可控制的数字电视播出系统的核心。通过分析当前国内SMS的基本状况及需求，并结合Web Service技术，提出了一种适合运营的数字电视用户管理系统设计方案。

基于Java TV API的电子节目指南设计

通过对Java TV API的研究,提出了基于Java TV技术开发电子节目指南程序的基本流程,能够不具体涉及业务信息表的内容和结构,实现较为完善的节目指南功能,保证了程序在多平台上的兼容性。