An effective fractal image compression algorithm based on plane fitting

A new method using plane fitting to decide whether a domain block is similar enough to a given range block is proposed in this paper. First, three coefficients are computed for describing each range and domain block. Then, the best-matched one for every range block is obtained by analysing the relation between their coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed method can shorten encoding time markedly, while the retrieved image quality is still acceptable. In the decoding step, a kind of simple line fitting on block boundaries is used to reduce blocking effects. At the same time, the proposed method can also achieve a high compression ratio.

RECRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR AND PRIOR AUSTENITE GRAIN BOUNDARY CORROSION IN THE PLANE STRAIN COMPRESSION CONDITION FOR A LOW CARBON X70 PIPELINE STEEL

Recrystallization behavior of a low carbon X70 pipeline steel was studied in the plane strain compression condition. It was found that the dynamic recovery but no dynamic recrystal- lization occurred in the current experimental condition. A method for examining the prior austenite grain boundary corrosion was supposed.

The optimum layer number of multi-layer pyramidal core sandwich columns under in-plane compression

The effect of the face thickness to core height ratio on different multi-layer pyramidal core sandwich columns under in-plane compression is investigated theoretically and numerically. Numerical simulation is in good agreement with theory. Results indicate that one specified face thickness to core height ratio corresponds to one optimum layer number of multi-layer pyramidal core sandwich columns in consideration of engineering application. This result can guide the sandwich structure design.

A Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Based on Image Camouflage and Bit-Plane Compression

Reversible data hiding in encrypted image(RDHEI)is a widely used technique for privacy protection,which has been developed in many applications that require high confidentiality,authentication and integrity.Proposed RDHEI methods do not allow high embedding rate while ensuring losslessly recover the original image.Moreover,the ciphertext form of encrypted image in RDHEI framework is easy to cause the attention of attackers.This paper proposes a reversible data hiding algorithm based on image camouflage encryption and bit plane compression.A camouflage encryption algorithm is used to transform a secret image into another meaningful target image,which can cover both secret image and encryption behavior based on“plaintext to plaintext”transformation.An edge optimization method based on prediction algorithm is designed to improve the image camouflage encryption quality.The reversible data hiding based bit-plane level compression,which can improve the redundancy of the bit plane by Gray coding,is used to embed watermark in the camouflage image.The experimental results also show the superior performance of the method in terms of embedding capacity and image quality.

Complete Focal Plane Compression Based on CMOS Image Sensor Using Predictive Coding

In this paper, a CMOS image sensor(CIS) is proposed, which can accomplish both decorrelation and entropy coding of image compression directly on the focal plane. The design is based on predictive coding for image decorrelation. The predictions are performed in analog domain by 2×2 pixel units. Both the prediction residuals and original pixel values are quantized and encoded in parallel. Since the residuals have a peak distribution around zero,the output codewords can be replaced by the valid part of the residuals' binary mode. The compressed bit stream is accessible directly at the output of CIS without extra disposition. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves a compression rate of 2. 2 and PSNR of 51 on different test images.

Optical Image Compression Using a Real Fourier Plane

Hastening transmission by efficiently providing compression is our goal in this work. Image compression consists in reducing information size representing an image. Elimination of redundancies and non-pertinent information enables memory space minimization and thus fast data transmission. Optics can offer an alternative choice to overcome the limitation of numerical compression algorithms. In this paper, we propose real-time optical image compression using a real Fourier plane to save time required for compression by using the principles of coherent optics. Digital and optical simulation results are presented and analyzed. An optical compression decompression setup is demonstrated using two different SLMs (SEIKO and DisplayTech). The purpose of this method is to simplify our earlier method, improve the quality of reconstructed image, and avoid the disadvantages of numerical algorithms.

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification of Crack Initiation Characteristics of Compression-Shear Plane Crack with Hydraulic Pressure

In this paper, the crack initiation characteristics of compression-shear plane crack with hydraulic pressure were studied by using theoretical analysis and experimental verification methods. The formula derivation process of stress intensity factor of crack tip and open-type crack initiation angle and initiation strength was expounded in detail. Cement mortar specimens prefabricated with open-type crack were made for biaxial compression test. The results show that the mode I stress intensity factor is inversely proportional to the dip angle of pre-exciting crack, water pressure and crack width. The fracture toughness is most easily achieved when the dip angle of pre-exciting crack is 60°. The mode II stress intensity factor is symmetrically distributed with the dip angle and independent of the water pressure and crack width. For open-type crack, the crack initiation angle decreases with the increase of the dip angle of pre-exciting crack, water pressure and crack width;the crack initiation strength is inversely proportional to the water pressure and proportional to the lateral pressure. The research results can provide ideas for the study of crack initiation under the coupling of ground stress and osmotic pressure in tunnel engineering.

The Failure Mechanisms of Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibre Composites Under In-plane Compression

The in-plane compressive characteristics of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)fibre(Dyneema█)reinforced composites,both in 0/90°and±45°fibre orientations with respect to the loading direction,have been investigated.The composite made from unidirectional high modulus fibres(volume fraction 83%)and low strength polyurethane matrix(volume fraction 17%)is layered in an orthogonally alternating manner.The different failure mechanisms for the composites with 0/90°and±45°fibre orientations have been detected with the methods of experimental measurement,SEM observation and theoretical analysis.The composites specimens of 0/90°fibre orientation failed with macro-buckling of the high-modulus UHMWEP fibre layers with the matrix damage,whereas the specimens of±45°fibre orientation failed with the shearing of the soft matrix.Hence,the composite specimens in 0/90°fibre orientation had higher stiffness as well as compressive strength than those in±45°fibre orientation.The failure criteria of the composites under in-plane compression was employed to characterize the failure mechanism.Compared with the traditional thermoset matrix,the soft thermoplastic matrix leads to lower strength and higher failure strain of fibre reinforced composites under in-plane compression.In addition,the composite specimens cut by waterjet machine exhibited higher stress levels than those cut by bandsaw that introduced more initial imperfections with the temperature rising and tensile shocking.The comparison between the methodologies for cutting the tough composites can provide a valuable suggestion to obtain required composite structures without reducing the mechanical properties.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON R134A AIRBORNE VAPOR-COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

The airborne high power electrical equipments have been widely used in modern aircrafts , which consequently causes the dramatic increase of heating load up to dozens of kilowatts.Accordingly , vapor-compression refrigeration system ( VCRS ) with lower engine bleed air and larger refrigeration capacity has been paid much attention in recent years.Therefore , based on the analysis of the characteristics of VCRS , an experiment system of VCRS using R134ais set up to simulate operation performances.The influences of different parameters including evaporation pressure , condensing pressure , refrigerant mass flow rate and compressor rotation speed are also investigated.The impacts of different parameters on the system performance are various.This work can help to establish the specific control law under different work conditions.

Testing method of rock structural plane using digital drilling

The rock mass consists of rock blocks and structural planes,which can reduce its integrity and strength.Therefore,accurately obtaining the characteristics of the rock mass structural plane is a prerequisite for evaluating stability and designing supports in underground engineering.Currently,there are no effective testing methods for the characteristic parameters of the rock mass structural plane in underground engineering.The paper presents the digital drilling technology as a new testing method of rock mass structural planes.Flawed rock specimens with cracks of varying widths and angles were used to simulate the rock mass structural planes,and the multifunctional rock mass digital drilling test system was employed to carry out the digital drilling tests.The analysis focuses on the variation laws of drilling parameters,such as drilling pressure and drilling torque,affected by the characteristics of prefabricated cracks,and clarifies the degradation mechanism of rock equivalent compressive strength.Additionally,an identification model for the characteristic parameters of rock mass structural planes during drilling is established.The test results indicate that the average difference of the characteristics of prefabricated cracks identified by the equivalent compressive strength is 2.45°and 0.82 mm,respectively.The identification model while drilling is verified to be correct due to the high identification accuracy.Based on this,a method for testing the characteristic parameters of the surrounding rock structural plane while drilling is proposed.The research offers a theoretical and methodological foundation for precise in situ identification of structural planes of the surrounding rock in underground engineering.

Diffraction of plane SV waves by a cavity in poroelastic half-space

This paper presents an indirect boundary integration equation method for diffraction of plane SV waves by a 2-D cavity in a poroelastic half-space.The Green＇s functions of compressive and shear wave sources are derived based on Biot＇s theory. The scattered waves are constructed using fictitious wave sources close to the boundary of the cavity, and their magnitudes are determined by the boundary conditions. Verification of the accuracy is performed by： （1） checking the satisfaction extent of the boundary conditions, （2） comparing the degenerated solutions of a single-phased case with well- known solutions, and （3） examining the numerical stability of the solutions. The nature of diffraction of plane SV waves around a cavity in a poroelastic half-space is investigated by numerical examples.

Study on the cutting plane friction law of sandstone

The friction characteristics of rock damage plane have important impact on the stability of block structure formed after the stratum is broken. The mechanics properties of rock damage plane are described by parameters such as roughness coefficient, wall compress strength and basic friction angle. These three coefficients for fine grain sandstone and medium granular sandstone and grit sandstone are test. The friction stress is researched at the condition of different normal compressive stress acting on the tension damage plane. The friction law of tension damage plane of sandstone abided by is summed up. This law will provide scientific basis for block structure stability judging in basic roof stratum and roof pressure intensity calculating.

Effect of temperature on the compressive behavior of carbon fiber composite pyramidal truss cores sandwich panels with reinforced frames

This paper focuses on the effect of temperature on the out-of-plane compressive properties and failure mechanism of carbon fiber/epoxy composite pyramidal truss cores sandwich panels （CF/CPTSP）. CFJCPTSP with novel reinforced frames are manufactured by the water jet cutting and interlocking assembly method in this paper. The theoretical analysis is presented to predict the out-of-plane compressive stiffness and strength of CFJCPTSP at different ambient temperatures. The tests of composite sandwich panels are per- formed throughout the temperature range from -90℃ to 180℃. Good agreement is found between theo- retical predictions and experimental measurements. Experimental results indicate that the low tempera- ture increases the compressive stiffness and strength of CF/CPTSP. However, the high temperature causes the degradation of the compressive stiffness and strength. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature on the failure mode of composite sandwich panels are also observed.

AN INVESTIGATION ON ASYMPTOTIC NEAR-TIP FIELDS OF DYNAMIC CRACK IN AN ELASTIC-PERFECTLY PLASTIC COMPRESSIBLE MATERIAL

The stress and deformation fields near the tip of a mode-I dynamic crack steadily propagating in an elastic-perfectly plastic compressible material are considered under plane strain conditions. Within the framework of infinitesimal displacement gradient theory, the material is characterized by the Von Mises yield criterion and the associated J(2) flow theory of plasticity. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, this paper eliminates the possibilities of elastic unloading and continuous asymptotic fields with singular deformation, and then constructs a fully continuous and bounded asymptotic stress and strain field. It is found that in this solution there exists a parameter phi(0) which cannot be determined by asymptotic analysis but may characterize the effect of the far field. Lastly the variations of continuous stresses, velocities and strains around the crack tip are given numerically for different values of phi(0).

压缩剪切平面应变试样的应力状态响应

为模拟金属塑性变形过程中的压缩剪切应力状态的平面应变特征,构建了平面压缩剪切试样。通过数字图像相关(DIC)技术和有限元模拟表征变形区Y方向的应力状态分布特征及压缩断裂过程。DIC结果显示,在压缩实验过程中,变形区的应变场分布与有限元结果吻合良好,有限元结果可靠。有限元结果表明,通过改变试样的缺口倾角,可以定量控制应力三轴度的大小,并且主应变方向与缺口倾角方向一致。在变形区Y方向发生压缩剪切的平面应变,同时试样边缘位置相对于中心位置具有更低的Lode角参数,具有双向压缩加载特征,使得静水压力增大,应力三轴度进一步降低至-0.823。

2219铝合金的平面应变压缩变形行为及本构方程

通过平面应变压缩试验获得2219铝合金在变形温度320~480℃、应变速率0.1~10 s^(-1)、最大真应变1.2条件下的压缩变形行为;基于试验得到的真应力-真应变数据和Arrhenius双曲正弦模型,分别建立峰值应力本构方程和应变补偿本构方程,获得合金的热变形激活能和应力指数,分析合金的变形机制。结果表明:在平面应变压缩过程中,合金的流变应力先迅速升高,达到峰值应力后稍有下降,最后趋于稳定;流变应力随变形温度的升高或应变速率的降低而降低。峰值应力本构方程预测的真应力与试验值的最大相对误差为4.57%;应变补偿的本构方程预测得到的真应力与试验值的平均绝对相对误差为2.62%,线性相关系数为0.9953。建立的本构方程都能够准确预测2219铝合金在平面应变压缩变形过程中的流变应力。在整个变形过程中热变形激活能范围为135.138~145.410 k J·mol^(-1),应力指数范围为5.920~6.930,表明变形时合金主要的扩散机制为晶格扩散,主要的变形机制为位错攀移。

岩质边坡溃屈破坏的影响机制分析

在前人对溃屈破坏研究的基础上,对南京某矿山边坡的溃屈破坏问题进行分析。首先基于传统的压杆理论进行溃屈判断,建立了简支梁模型对地下水作用引起的溃屈拉裂破坏进行计算,认为水的作用是导致边坡溃屈破坏的重要诱因。最后讨论了不同倾角结构面对溃屈破坏模式的影响,结果表明结构面可能导致岩体溃屈后发生剪切滑移破坏或隆起溃屈破坏。研究结果对类似顺倾边坡的稳定性评价有参考价值。

P型橡胶卡箍的拉压疲劳性能测试和寿命预测

P型橡胶卡箍是航空发动机外部管路系统中连接管路与支架、机匣之间的重要连接件,其主要的失效形式为机体振动和管内高压液体脉动共同作用下的疲劳断裂。卡箍的疲劳性能极大地制约了管路系统的性能,因此对于卡箍的疲劳性能研究具有重要意义。本文首先设计并进行了卡箍的拉压疲劳试验,得到了不同加载位移下的疲劳寿命。后续的断口分析表明卡箍疲劳破坏呈现出两种不同的形式:一是卡箍的金属箍带发生由外侧向内侧扩展的疲劳断裂,二是卡箍的橡胶垫圈严重的磨损现象。其次,结合卡箍疲劳试验的加载过程,建立了对应的有限元模型,并通过与贴片位置的应变对比验证了构建模型的预测精度。针对卡箍箍带疲劳断裂的失效形式,通过卡箍箍带所采用的不锈钢材料的疲劳试验结果,建立了卡箍的SWT(Smith-Watson-Topper)、FS(Fatemi-Socie)以及WB(Wang-Brown)临界平面疲劳寿命模型。最后,结合有限元分析得到的最大应力应变以及卡箍拉压疲劳试验得到的疲劳寿命结果,验证了提出的寿命模型均处于3倍分散带内,对于卡箍的疲劳寿命具有良好的估计精度。

机织角联锁变密度复合材料的面外压缩力学特性

为研究变密度结构设计对三维机织角联锁复合材料面外力学性能的影响,设计制备了三维机织角联锁不变密度复合材料、三维机织角联锁经纱变密度复合材料和三维机织角联锁纬纱变密度复合材料。结合扫描电子显微镜、数字图像相关技术和X射线计算机断层扫描等检测技术,对角联锁变密度复合材料的面外压缩力学行为、内部损伤量化和渐进损伤等进行了测试与表征。研究结果表明:上疏下密角联锁纬纱变密度复合材料展现出优异的压缩性能,其压缩比强度比不变密度复合材料高3.40%;同时,上疏下密角联锁纬纱变密度复合材料损伤体积仅为11.64 mm 3,远低于不变密度复合材料的26.90 mm 3。进一步分析得到,不变密度复合材料压缩破坏以剪切失效为主,而上疏下密角联锁纬纱变密度复合材料则为基体开裂。

钢管混凝土柱-软钢板组合高墩受压性能试验

为改善传统钢筋混凝土高墩桥梁的抗震性能,基于能力设计原理和结构抗震韧性设计理念,本文提出一种可更换部件的四肢钢管混凝土柱-软钢板组合箱形截面高墩。本文设计制作了1/10比例的缩尺试件,通过轴心和偏心受压试验,研究荷载偏心率、软钢板厚度等对新型组合高墩受压性能的影响。试验结果表明:新型组合高墩试件在轴压作用下,四肢钢管混凝土柱基本整体协调变形;当加载至试件破坏时,四肢钢管及软钢板均早已受压屈服,钢管套箍作用充分发挥;破坏形态呈整体弯曲失稳。在受偏心压力作用且偏心率不超过0.405时,四肢钢管混凝土柱全截面受压,组合截面纵向应变分布在弹性阶段基本满足“平截面假定”,在弹塑性阶段近似满足“拟平截面假定”;当加载至试件破坏时,破坏形态亦呈整体弯曲失稳。此外,钢系梁受力较小,仅起构造作用;而增大软钢板厚度,可有效提高新型组合高墩的截面抗弯刚度和正截面受压承载力,降低其侧向挠度;故在计算新型组合高墩的受压承载力时,应充分考虑软钢板的“结构元件”作用。