A review of mechanism of action of outdoor exposure in preventing myopia incidence and progression

Various studies have suggested several environmental,pharmacological,medical,and optical interventions and some are in use but their efficacy in myopia control may be transient,and the cellular,molecular,and biochemical mechanisms involved unclear.Daylight exposure is currently regarded as an effective and enduring strategy in the control of myopia development and progression.However,the mechanism behind the effect of outdoor exposure and its association with genetic predisposition and other relatively more significant environmental factors on myopia is still a conundrum.This review focuses on survey-based and intervention-based studies carried out to propose a mechanism that accounts for myopia development and important for its control.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and Surface Quality of Wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina Exposed to Outdoor Conditions

This study investigated the mechanical properties of beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and fir(Abies alba)wood from Bosnia and Herzegovina under outdoor exposure.Samples were exposed for 3-month exposure to assess bending strength,color changes,and surface quality.Results showed outdoor exposure negatively affected mechanical properties,particularly in samples with extended finger joints,causing significant surface cracks in uncoated samples.Beech wood exhibited notable color changes under exposure,with approximately 50%darkening without coating compared to 25%under covered conditions.Coated samples displayed minimal color changes,affirming the efficacy of surface treatment.Fir wood exhibited a roughness of 8.264μm,while beechwood average roughness increased from 6.767 to 13.916μm after exposure,with micro-pore development affecting water performance.Microscopic analysis identified prevalent fungal colonies,including Penicillium,Aureobasidium,Sclerophoma,and Chaetomium,underscoring their role in organic matter decomposition.This study highlights the importance of wood exposure and treatment selection for various applications.

Impact of Outdoor Activities in Different Landscape Environments on the Physical and Mental Health of College Students

To investigate whether outdoor activities have an improvement effect on the emotions of young people and the differences in the impact of outdoor activities on the emotions of young people under different landscape environmental conditions,the participating students are asked to engage in outdoor activities in different landscape environments and divided into four groups.Each group is assigned to engage in outdoor activities in four types of landscape areas:open lawn area,low shrub area,dense forest area,and waterfront area.The activities include outdoor yoga and making leaf mandalas.The results show that outdoor yoga has the best effect on reducing pulse and blood pressure and regulating emotions in open lawn area and waterfront area,followed by leaf mantras in waterfront area and outdoor yoga in dense forest area.However,both activities have no significant effect in low shrub area.

XIZANG AIMS TO BECOME AN OUTDOOR SPORTS HEAVEN

Enriched with stunning landscape and soaring mountains,the Xizang Autonomous Region has been making big efforts to make the region a destination for climbers and other outdoor sports aficionados.Profound climber and guide Ngakwang Dorje,41,established an outdoor sports company ten years ago,specializing in activities like climbing,trekking,and hiking for domestic outdoor sports enthusiasts.

A Semantic-Sensitive Approach to Indoor and Outdoor 3D Data Organization

Building model data organization is often programmed to solve a specific problem,resulting in the inability to organize indoor and outdoor 3D scenes in an integrated manner.In this paper,existing building spatial data models are studied,and the characteristics of building information modeling standards(IFC),city geographic modeling language(CityGML),indoor modeling language(IndoorGML),and other models are compared and analyzed.CityGML and IndoorGML models face challenges in satisfying diverse application scenarios and requirements due to limitations in their expression capabilities.It is proposed to combine the semantic information of the model objects to effectively partition and organize the indoor and outdoor spatial 3D model data and to construct the indoor and outdoor data organization mechanism of“chunk-layer-subobject-entrances-area-detail object.”This method is verified by proposing a 3D data organization method for indoor and outdoor space and constructing a 3D visualization system based on it.

Study on the Countermeasures to Improve the Public Outdoor Leisure and Fitness Function on the Two Rivers and Four Banks in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing

The main urban area of Chongqing is surrounded by two rivers and set against each other.With its unique waterfront landscape,it has the resource conditions to become a leisure tourism destination.Intending to enhance people’s happiness,improve city quality,and promote Chongqing’s main urban area to become a tourist destination,this paper finds out the existing problems in the construction of public outdoor leisure and fitness facilities on the two rivers and four banks of Chongqing’s main urban area through investigation and analysis based on relevant experiences at home and abroad,takes the value chain theory as the guidance,and to find solutions to the problem.On this basis,combined with the law of economic operation,this paper puts forward the guiding ideology,principles,development goals,functional orientation,and development path for the improvement of public outdoor leisure and fitness on two rivers and four banks in the main city of Chongqing,and accordingly puts forward the policy system and guarantee measures for its improvement.

Outdoor Corrosion Performance Study of Selected Construction Materials in Bonny Island

Corrosion studies are important due to the enormous cost involved in the replacement of materials in all kinds of applications. The outdoor study on corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet, chequered aluminum plate and zinc alloys roofing sheet commonly used as construction material within a highly industrial settlement were examined using the gravimetric technique. The outdoor corrosion of these alloys at different sites was observed via its exposure to atmospheric conditions, monitored and recorded for 12 months at an interval of 2 months. Results depicted a process spanning the initial and intermediate stages of corrosion. The samples of construction materials at Bonny island showed substantial weight losses and rate of corrosion which varied largely on percentage of atmospheric humidity, salt precipitations, industrial aerosols and corrosive gases present at the exposure site as well as the nature of the material and the presence of protective coating formed during corrosion process. The rapid rate of deterioration of these materials causes severe economic importance on the indigenes’ activities including the oil and gas industries and other construction companies on the island. Thus, there is urgent need for research concerned with methods to control or prevent excessive deterioration of metals in Bonny Island.

Deep Pyramidal Residual Network for Indoor-Outdoor Activity Recognition Based on Wearable Sensor

Recognition of human activity is one of the most exciting aspects of time-series classification,with substantial practical and theoretical impli-cations.Recent evidence indicates that activity recognition from wearable sensors is an effective technique for tracking elderly adults and children in indoor and outdoor environments.Consequently,researchers have demon-strated considerable passion for developing cutting-edge deep learning sys-tems capable of exploiting unprocessed sensor data from wearable devices and generating practical decision assistance in many contexts.This study provides a deep learning-based approach for recognizing indoor and outdoor movement utilizing an enhanced deep pyramidal residual model called Sen-PyramidNet and motion information from wearable sensors(accelerometer and gyroscope).The suggested technique develops a residual unit based on a deep pyramidal residual network and introduces the concept of a pyramidal residual unit to increase detection capability.The proposed deep learning-based model was assessed using the publicly available 19Nonsens dataset,which gathered motion signals from various indoor and outdoor activities,including practicing various body parts.The experimental findings demon-strate that the proposed approach can efficiently reuse characteristics and has achieved an identification accuracy of 96.37%for indoor and 97.25%for outdoor activity.Moreover,comparison experiments demonstrate that the SenPyramidNet surpasses other cutting-edge deep learning models in terms of accuracy and F1-score.Furthermore,this study explores the influence of several wearable sensors on indoor and outdoor action recognition ability.

Research and Application of Ecological Outdoor Ground Structure with Composite Water Storage and Drainage Function

In order to solve the problems of surface runoff increase,water accumulation in rainy days and urban heat island effect,an ecological outdoor ground structure with composite water storage and drainage functions was studied and applied in this paper:Through the comprehensive design of road ground,road inspection well,garden inspection well and drainage pipe network,it can quickly store and drain ground water,alleviate the urban heat island effect,realize plant infiltration irrigation,and achieve the purpose of saving water and energy.

Simulation Evaluation of Outdoor Noise Environment in Buildings

Green campus design has become an essential strategy to enhance campus life and learning.However,noise pol-lution remains a troubling aspect that impacts teaching and learning processes,even causing harm to the health of students and teachers.Therefore,acoustic environment quality design is crucial.This article focuses on the expansion project of a school campus in Shenzhen.We simulated and analyzed the outdoor noise environment separately for the proposed teach-ing building,as well as the existing buildings like the dining hall,teaching building,and laboratory building.The results showed that the proposed teaching building was mainly affected by surrounding noise,with the worst outdoor noise being in classrooms adjacent to the teaching building in the south and the basketball court at the west of the classroom,with maximum noise values reaching 73 dB and 66 dB,respectively.In the future,these rooms should be renovated to achieve an excellent indoor soundproof environment.

基于Kano-TRIZ的中老年户外腰背按摩器设计研究

目的分析户外腰背按摩器的用户需求,在此基础上对其进行分类并完成优先级排序,以找到提高用户满意度的需求项,进而为户外腰背按摩器的创新设计提供新的参考。方法通过文献分析法和访谈法得出户外腰背按摩器的用户初始需求项;运用KJ法归纳用户需求;结合调查问卷和Kano模型进行筛选,得出中老年人对户外腰背按摩器的四个需求属性类别及排序;借助TRIZ理论分析工具进行设计实践。结果户外腰背按摩器的基本型需求和期望型需求主要体现在产品操作简单,结构简单稳固及滚轮防滑;魅力型需求主要体现在腰背部按摩、提供按摩滚轮、按摩器高度可调节的功能方面。结论通过对中老年人的需求属性分析,为今后户外健身器材提供新的设计思路与参考。

Research on the Outdoor Activities and Spatial Characteristics of the Elderly in College Communities:Taking a University in Northern China as an Example

In view of the aging population in the country,college communities can better meet the needs of the elderly in the community by developing hardware facilities,environmental resources,and management systems.However,in China,the research on elderly care in colleges is still in its infancy.The paper presents an analysis on the characteristics of the elderly group,outdoor activities,and space characteristics in college communities through the field survey of a university in the north,questionnaire survey and interview with the elderly.Suggestions for optimizing the outdoor activities space of the elderly in college communities are then provided,hoping to provide some reference for relevant research.

众源地理信息支持下的建成环境与户外慢跑关联交互

【目的】户外健身慢跑已成为城市居民提升健康水平的重要方式。探析城市建成环境与户外慢跑行为的关联交互,旨在为建立友好型人居环境提供科学依据。【方法】利用慢跑GPS轨迹、街景图片等众源地理大数据,在城市尺度测度户外慢跑行为和城市建成环境特征。采用地理探测器模型探究成都市主城区建成环境与慢跑行为的关联交互影响及其时空差异性。【结果】人口密度、土地利用混合度、公交站密度是户外慢跑空间分布的核心作用因子。建成环境因子两两交互后对慢跑流量的解释力均大于单因子,其中,人口密度和土地利用混合度二者的交互在50%程度上解释了慢跑活动的空间分异。部分环境因子对慢跑流量的交互影响会随着时间和土地利用类型的不同而变化。人口密度和土地利用混合度与其他建成环境因子呈现协同增强的交互影响,且核心交互因子对慢跑的解释力大小具有时空变化性。【结论】众源地理信息为大范围、低成本的感知测度人类行为和城市环境提供了新手段。系统解析建成环境对户外慢跑的关联交互影响,可为健康导向的城市设计提供决策建议。

山地户外运动的特点与价值

山地户外运动是指在野外的自然环境中进行的有一定探险性质或者探险体验的体育活动项目群,对于体验户外、感受自然,促进身心健康全面发展有重要的作用和意义。综合运用文献资料、实地调研等方法对山地户外运动的特点和价值进行探讨,研究认为山地户外运动的主要特点是在野外的自然环境中进行、具有一定的挑战和探险性质、强烈的团队意识、涵盖的内容范围极广、对参与者的体能要求非常高、是体验教育的关键部分,主要价值体现在健身价值、和谐价值、教育价值、观赏价值和经济价值五个方面。

黑龙江古驿道户外运动特色旅游发展策略研究

在黑龙江古驿道周边拥有得天独厚的自然条件以及悠久深厚的历史背景,拥有领先全国的滑冰、滑雪、跳伞等自然资源,但整体户外运动旅游业开展还存在问题仍需解决,可以通过加强政策引导与扶持、科学规划,统筹驿道冰雪资源发展、提升旅游服务质量和安全管理水平、结合可持续发展理念设计产品、加强区域合作与市场推广等发展策略予以持续开发打造,进而促进其户外运动特色旅游良性发展。

户外坐席系统设计要素研究

户外坐席形式在各类户外空间中广泛存在,但其设计理论未有深入研究。文章通过设计实践与考察调研、文献辅助,用系统论方法,将设计系统的“人、事、场、物”作为系统单元要素为理论推演,回归人为事物的“人、事、场、物”基本要素框架,对户外坐席系统设计要素进行分析,明确户外坐席的系统设计要素内容,为其系统设计及后续研究明确方向。

寒冷地区城市公园老年人秋季热舒适特征及影响因素分析

为进一步明确寒冷地区城市公园老年人秋季热舒适特征及影响因素,结合微气候实测和热舒适调研的方法,通过与非老年人进行对比,分析了老年人室外热感觉与热舒适的关系特征,从热中性生理等效温度(physiological equivalent temperature,PET)、满足80%热可接受率的PET范围以及热偏好PET 3个方面,划定了老年人热舒适评价标准,并探明了微气候因素对老年人热舒适的影响特征。结果表明:寒冷地区秋季城市公园中,相较于非老年人,老年人的耐热性较强,耐寒性较弱;老年人的热中性PET为8.3℃,非老年人为11.5℃,热可接受PET范围为3.2~28.0℃,非老年人为4.9~24.3℃,热偏好PET为25.8℃,非老年人为24.2℃;各微气候因素对老年人热感觉的影响程度由大到小依次为黑球温度>风速>相对湿度。

迈向白色景观:寒地城市中小河流滨水空间居民冬季户外活动的环境特征偏好研究

城市中小河流滨水空间是承载居民户外活动的重要载体,寒地冬季严酷的气候条件使河流由蓝色水域空间转变成白色冰雪空间,特殊的水体形态使居民的活动水平产生较大变化。聚焦寒地城市中小河流滨水空间的居民冬季户外活动,构建可达性、场所特征、服务设施和维护管理4类维度下的17项环境特征要素指标,通过问卷调查与Kano模型得出户外活动的环境特征偏好要素序列,基于行为类型讨论要素指标对冬季户外活动的影响。结果显示,河流白色景观对提升冬季健康福祉具有重要意义,对维护管理提出了更高的要求。寒地滨水空间的流动行为更关注步行体验,强调线性路径的空间畅通和微气候舒适,驻留行为更关注冬季运动和防风防寒设施的配给。研究成果可为寒地城市居民健康福祉的规划建设提供决策支持。

寒地城市老幼群体不同季节住区户外活动特征及其影响因素研究

住区是承载老幼群体户外活动的主要场所,寒地城市特殊气候条件下的季节变化对老幼群体的活动特征影响显著,本文根据其影响因素提出满足老幼群体全季节活动需求的共享型户外活动空间营造策略。利用实地调研与问卷结合的方式对哈尔滨市6个样本住区452组老幼群体进行调查,研究不同季节老幼群体住区户外活动的时间与空间分布特征,并通过多元回归分析的方法分别提取不同季节下老幼群体活动频率、活动时长和活动类型的影响因素。基于研究结果,从优化目标、优化机制、环境营造三方面提出寒地住区户外活动空间的优化策略。

基于点云特征的改进RANSAC地面分割算法

针对室外复杂场景下,轻量级和地面优化的激光雷达里程计与测图(LeGO-LOAM)算法由于地面分割不精确而导致算法定位精度降低的问题,提出一种基于改进随机一致性采样(RANSAC)的多线程地面分割算法:相较于传统RANSAC算法,该算法舍弃从全部原始数据中随机选取种子点拟合地面模型的迭代方式,首先利用点云高程、曲率等点特征信息挑选出所有小于高程、曲率等阈值的种子点以构建种子点集合,并根据种子点集合中的种子点数量判断是否需要多线程处理;然后根据判断结果从种子点集合中选择种子点子集进行地面拟合;最后比较各地面模型所包含的点云数量以获得最优地面模型参数以及地面点云集;地面分割精度的提高有效地降低了LeGO-LOAM算法的定位误差。实验结果表明,在室外复杂场景下所提出的地面分割算法分割效果更好,杂点更少;相较于原LeGO-LOAM算法,改进算法的定位误差降低至3.73 m,平面均方根误差降低了20.8%。