Renovation of Outdoor Environment in Old Residential Communities Suitable for the Elderly against the Background of Population Aging

More old residential communities have become unsuitable for the elderly because of the aging of outdoor physical environment and functional degradation. This paper investigated behaviors and mental activities of the elderly, problems of outdoor environment in old residential communities, and proposed strategies for the renovation of old residential communities from the perspectives of outdoor environment, road, greening and public supporting facilities according to demands of the elderly on outdoor environment, so as to provide them a comfortable and reasonable outdoor environment.

Evidence-based Landscape Design of University Campus:Relationship Between Characteristics of Outdoor Environments and Actual Uses of Students

Several studies have shown a positive relationship between high quality outdoor environments and users’health.Education of agricultural professionals also demands high quality outdoor environments in order to promote students’wellbeing,which in turn supports scientific researches.This study analyzed relationship between students’actual uses and campus outdoor environments,identified what environmental characteristics that students prefered,how they used and why they participated in the outdoor activities.The results could be used as guidance of campus design and management.Investigation of three universities in Harbin provided 686 valid questionnaires.The results suggested that health awareness effectively promoted students’use frequencies of outdoor environments.Environment with"natural"and"cultural"characteristics,especially undulating landform,vibrant plants and landmarks in a serpentins design style attracted more uses.Female students showed more preferences on social interaction activities than males.Students who had good economic consumption levels and participated in outdoor activities frequntly in childhood prefered to join all the kinds of activities after university enrollment.

Heart of Landscape and Contribution of Building Environment: Discussions about Landscape Construction of Outdoor Environment Water Circulation System

Recently, the increasing concern about the environmental quality of human settlements makes people realize that the attractive environment given by natural ecology also deficiently needs the feedback and protection of nature in some forms so that the natural ecology can be endlessly cycled on its own. Taking the project of German Enterprise Center in Qingdao Sino-German Ecopark as an example, this paper discussed construction of outdoor environment water circulation system using the landscape building method.

Promotion and Renewal of the Outdoor Environment of the Collective Housing That Promotes Health <br/>—Based on the Post-Epidemic Perspective

The COVID-19 is a major global health event that has changed people’s lives and behaviors. As a fragile and sensitive area with high population density and poor living conditions in the city, collective housing is also an important construction area for future urban renewal. In the process of the spread of the new crown epidemic, the collective housing has exposed a series of weaknesses such as difficult community management, inconvenience of life, and insufficient outdoor space. Therefore, the update and transformation of the outdoor environment of the collective housing combined with the concept of public health is a problem that must be considered at present. This article combines the practice of renewal and transformation of the X community in Chaoyang District, Beijing, combined with survey methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and observations, combined with the needs of residents and the practical experience of the grassroots management unit, and carried out an overall renewal design of the external space environment of the collective housing. The epidemic is combined with the division of functional layout, refined design of outdoor activity space to ensure safe distance, and increased shared smart facilities to improve the quality of the outdoor environment of collective residences and strengthen community resilience;to achieve communication and sharing, epidemic prevention and control on the basis of ensuring safe social distance outdoor sports and other functions. In this way, the ability of collective housing to prevent, identify, and dispose of urban risks will be improved, and will provide residents with a better and livable community life.

Outdoor Environmental Landscape Design of the Apartment for the Elderly in Southern Cities of China

On the basis of environmental psychology and environment-behavior science, this paper took Beijing Oriental Sun City Elderly Apartment for example to explore outdoor environmental landscape design schemes of the elderly apartment suitable for geomorphologic features, climatic conditions, and humanistic background of southern cities against the background of population aging in China, so as to provide references for the outdoor environment construction for the elderly apartment.

Outdoor Corrosion Performance Study of Selected Construction Materials in Bonny Island

Corrosion studies are important due to the enormous cost involved in the replacement of materials in all kinds of applications. The outdoor study on corrosion behavior of aluminum sheet, chequered aluminum plate and zinc alloys roofing sheet commonly used as construction material within a highly industrial settlement were examined using the gravimetric technique. The outdoor corrosion of these alloys at different sites was observed via its exposure to atmospheric conditions, monitored and recorded for 12 months at an interval of 2 months. Results depicted a process spanning the initial and intermediate stages of corrosion. The samples of construction materials at Bonny island showed substantial weight losses and rate of corrosion which varied largely on percentage of atmospheric humidity, salt precipitations, industrial aerosols and corrosive gases present at the exposure site as well as the nature of the material and the presence of protective coating formed during corrosion process. The rapid rate of deterioration of these materials causes severe economic importance on the indigenes’ activities including the oil and gas industries and other construction companies on the island. Thus, there is urgent need for research concerned with methods to control or prevent excessive deterioration of metals in Bonny Island.

Outdoor thermal environmental research of the mountainous city by GIS

The study of urban outdoor thermal environment was carried out in one of the mountainous cities by using geography information system(GIS) technique which is connected with predicting and evaluating models for the outdoor thermal environment, monitoring data and simulating data. A prediction and evaluation system were set up. A typical mountainous city, i.e., Yunyang city in Chongqing in China, was taken as an example, its urbanization trend and population growth was predicted and evaluated. The heat island intensity and its trend were simulated, the temperature field, velocity field and the humidity field were analyzed. The results show that GIS is an effective tool to deal with the outdoor thermal environment, especially for the mountainous cities with special geographical particularities. GIS can be used in the environmental management and the city planning especially for the mountainous cities.

Environmental Design of Urban Outdoor Public Spaces Based on Children's Activities

This paper analyzed current situation of domestic and foreign children's outdoor spaces, and the relationship between urban public spaces and children's behaviors, summarized design principles and techniques to improve use efficiency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, create public spaces capable of meeting psychological behavior needs of children.

户外休闲活动中的具身环境教育

环境教育对于提升公众环境素养,涵育亲环境行为,促进环境社会治理具有重要意义。知识传递型环境教育已取得一定效果,但拓展空间有限,“身心合一”的参与式环境教育方兴未艾。以户外休闲活动为例,讨论公众在自然环境中参与活动对培育其亲环境行为的作用路径。研究发现,户外休闲活动既能直接促进公众的亲环境行为,也通过增进人与自然的情感联结以及环境关心、环境知识等间接提升其亲环境行为,且环境情感的中介作用大于环境知识的中介作用。活态展示和具身体验带来的人与自然的情感联结有助于环境关心与环境友好行为的转化。户外休闲活动中的具身体验和环境感知构成了具身性环境教育的动态统一体,具身环境教育以其沉浸性、交互性和生成性激发公众亲环境行为。

基于POE的城市居住小区室外环境适老性研究——以浙江丽水市莲都区为例

人口老龄化国情和居家养老模式为主的背景下,城市居住小区室外环境已成为老年人日常生活的重要载体,提升居住小区室外环境的适老性具有重要的现实意义。以浙江省丽水市莲都区中心城区的96个居住小区为研究对象,通过实地踏查、问卷调查和随机访谈,深入调查老年人的居住小区室外活动状况及使用状况评价,详细分析了居住小区室外重点功能空间和景观元素的适老性现状,总结归纳存在的问题和不足,继而提出切实可行的优化建议,以期为城市居住小区的适老化建设提供参考。

“感性教育”视角下的中小学生户外研学空间设计

《义务教育课程方案和课程标准(2022年版)》中突出表明感性教育能够让学生更深入地感知和理解世界、发展思维和创造力,而研学空间则是提供一个与传统课堂不同的学习环境,让学生能真实参与其中。为了满足政策文件要求并考虑中小学群体的特殊性,将感性教育和全面发展思维融入户外研学空间设计中,旨在促进有价值的娱乐和学习行为。文章通过用户访谈确定了户外研学空间的需求框架,并借助问卷调查定量验证了在新课标背景下中小学生户外研学空间的设计策略。强调了户外研学空间设计在引导中小学生认知发展和教育方面的重要性,为中小学生户外研学空间设计提供了有关感性教育的有效方法,激发中小学生探索和创新欲望,促进其全面发展。

The Influence of Environmental Stimuli upon the Human Body in Summer

Green building practices benefit many users because it imposes less of a burden both on people and the environment and plays a central role in achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Covering rooftops with tall evergreen trees increases evaporation and reduces energy consumption by heating and air conditioning systems. Japan has a cereal-crop culinary culture and rice cultivation is a primary activity. According to the Biophilia Hypothesis exposure to a lush greenery environment conducive to survival facilitates more effective relaxation and recovery from fatigue than simple elimination of stress. The impact of rice paddies is not only about reduction of energy consumption, but also about mitigating the urban environment and its physiological and psychological effects on the human body. Focusing on the spread of the rice canopy and exposure of water surfaces, clarified the reaction of the human body to thermal sensory perception and outdoor thermal environments, and the correlation between them. Rice fields where the rice canopy was smaller, and where ample standing water surfaces received short wavelength solar radiation, have a high heat capacity, which works to increase the longwave length thermal radiation in the time period when the accumulated amount of short wavelength solar radiation increases. Meanwhile, where the spread of the rice canopy was greater, and the surface of the standing irrigation water covered with rice plants, a mitigation effect on the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index of ETFe (enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature) through reduction of long wavelength thermal radiation came into play, and it became clear that thermal sensory perception improved through visual stimuli that engendered images of humidity. The purpose of this study was to clarify the environmental mitigation effect of rice fields in an urban environment. In addition to the physical environmental mitigation effect, it was also shown that rice fields engendered a psychological environmental mitigation effect through visual stimuli in the form of natural ground surfaces such as green spaces.

Urban Spatial Form Optimization Strategies Based on the Principle of Climate Adaptability of Regional Architecture: A Case Study of Traditional Cave Dwelling Villages in Northern Shaanxi Province

A multitude of climate-adaptive design approaches are embedded in regional architecture,which have a positive impact on addressing the deformed development of urban spatial patterns and the dual challenges of climate and resources.This paper examines the principles of climate adaptability embedded in the site layout and spatial organization characteristics of traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi Province.The extracted climate adaptability principles are summarized,and the resulting design strategies that are well-suited to the contemporary urban space form are presented.Through analysis,it can be observed that traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi are predominantly situated on south-facing slopes in proximity to water at low altitudes.These villages are characterized by compact building groups and east-west development,which is constrained by the elements of mountains and rivers.A two-level street system is generated,comprising streets parallel to the contour line and roadways perpendicular to the contour line.This results in the formation of a courtyard form enclosed by mountains.Such site layout and spatial organization exhibit excellent climate adaptability with regard to heat,ventilation,and wind storage.In light of the aforementioned considerations,the following urban spatial form design strategies are put forth:①the topographic height difference can be exploited to obtain sufficient sunshine;②the group shape can be optimized in order to reduce building energy consumption;③the best orientation of the building can be chosen to take account of both winter and summer conditions;④the height and length can be combined in order to form natural masking;⑤the D/H ratio of streets and roadways should be controlled to achieve a balance between heat gain and cooling of groups;⑥vents should be set appropriately to optimize group ventilation;⑦climate buffers should be established to increase the level of climate response.

我国户外探险教育的溯源、价值审视与优化路径研究

户外探险教育作为典型的“体验式教育”,一定程度上冲击传统应试教育带来的束缚,弥补当前教育体系的缺陷。本文采用文献资料法等研究方法,首先对我国户外探险教育进行了溯源与引出:户外探险教育的发展基于户外探险活动的开展,迎合人们对于自然原始活动的诉求,且户外探险教育价值与“后现代教育”理念相吻合,对于现代教育体系破局具有较大意义。其次,探讨了户外探险教育与我国现代教育破局的价值耦合。最后,提出了我国户外探险教育的优化路径:细化区分探险教育,落实风险管理;贯彻“研学”理念,做好“知识”输出;坚持政府主导,鼓励资本参与;扎根本土文化土壤,创办特色探险教育。

Prediction model of the radiation from ground surface to the occupant in outdoor space

The outdoor ground radiation including the emitted radiation and reflected radiation plays an important role in the outdoor thermal environment. In this paper, based on the hypothesis of that the occupant body can be equivalent to a human cylinder and the outdoor ground surface is diffusive for radiation, a mathematical model is advanced to describe the radiation from the ground surface to the occupant. Through theoretical analysis of the mathematical model, general formulas for calculating the radiation arriving at the occupant from an annular ground surface and infinite ground surface are obtained. It shows that, the radiation from ground surface to the occupant depends on the surface temperature, reflectivity and emissivity, the arrange within the radius of 8.0m encircling the occupant can be defined as the dominant radiating area which radiates 90% radiation to the occupant. The radiative potentials of different pavement surface such grass, asphalt concrete surface, granite slab surface, terracotta bricks, colored concrete interlocking blocks are also compared with the datum measured by Tan Slew-Ann and Fwa Tien-Fang in Singapore, it shows that, in the summer sunny day, grass surface radiates more radiation in the morning but less in the afternoon than other pavement materials. Finally, discussions of reducing the radiation of outdoor ground surface are presented and main conclusions are drawn for improving the outdoor thermal environment.

寒冷地区某办公建筑过渡季节自然通风开窗行为研究

建筑使用者的开窗行为是建筑节能工作不可忽视的重点之一。根据我国过渡季节自然通风条件下被动式低能耗建筑的运行情况,实测济南某高校被动式低能耗办公建筑自然通风时室内外环境因素和窗户控制动作,分析影响窗户控制动作、开窗率的显著影响因素及影响机理,得出主要结论:1)在上下班时间,使用者开关窗动作明显,室内外环境因素的影响微乎其微,存在室外温度极低或极高情况下仍开窗的情况。2)室外气温、太阳辐射强度是影响开窗率的主要因素,42.5%的开窗率就能够保证室内二氧化碳浓度小于1000 ppm。3)测试期间使用者63.3%的开窗行为不能使被动式低能耗办公建筑获得室内舒适温度,建议根据优化开窗公式约束使用者开关窗行为,可将室温控制在21~29℃。

基于关联规则的儿童户外活动空间偏好研究——以杭州三个社区公园为例

社区公园是儿童户外活动的重要承载空间。研究儿童在社区公园的行为偏好及空间需求对增加儿童户外活动机会、提升社区公园品质和促进环境公平具有重要意义。以杭州市3个社区公园为研究对象,采用行为注记法获取儿童活动空间分布特征,运用关联规则、核密度分析和多因素方差分析等方法,研究儿童户外活动与社区公园空间和环境要素之间的关系。研究发现,社区公园中儿童不同活动类型对空间的偏好度存在显著差异:自然活动对特定空间的偏好度最高,主要集中在有沙、水体和草坪的空间;功能活动和规则活动的空间偏好度次之,多发生在器械区、广场等设施丰富或面积较大的场地;休闲活动与大部分空间都具有关联性,分布较均衡。设施、基底类型和植被覆盖等环境要素与儿童活动空间选择的关联性较强。以此为基础,提出以儿童活动偏好为导向的社区公园规划设计建议。

高层建筑室内外声环境评价研究

室内外声环境是高层建筑环境的重要组成部分,为了使高层建筑的环境质量得到保障,给人们创造良好的工作和学习环境,需要对室内外声环境进行严格控制。在社会经济飞速发展的背景下,噪声已经对人们的生活质量造成严重影响,所以,相关领域须加强对高层建筑室内外声环境的评价标准进行研究,确保高层建筑的室内外声环境能够控制在合理范围内。文章对高层建筑室内外声环境评价的意义进行阐述,并对室内外声环境的发展趋势进行分析,制定了高层建筑声环境的控制措施,为人们的日常生活和工作提供良好的环境保障。

基于KANO-IPA法的寒地高校室外体育场地环境满意度提升研究

高校室外体育场地作为与在校人员日常生活密切相关的运动场所,是高校校园重要的空间。因此,创造高质量的高校室外体育场地环境对提升整体校园空间品质具有重要意义。本文采用KANO-IPA法对寒地高校室外体育场地环境满意度进行研究,通过实地调研、问卷调查等方法综合考量了16个环境要素对环境满意度的影响,从而获得各环境要素在室外体育场地环境需求中的优先序列,进而根据分析结果提出了相应的环境满意度提升策略。

智能可穿戴设备定量分析近视相关环境因素的准确性和稳定性

目的评价智能可穿戴设备Eye-Monitor客观量化近视相关环境因素的准确性和稳定性。方法采用诊断试验研究设计,2021年12月于山东中医药大学招募42名受试者,年龄18~25岁。采用简单随机抽样方法从80台设备中抽取42台智能可穿戴设备,对近视相关环境危险因素进行静态和动态试验,其中静态试验包括用眼距离、坐姿头部倾斜角和光照强度测量,动态试验包括近距离工作时长、户外活动时长和看电子设备时长测量。选取总相对误差绝对值之和最大的设备,采用Spearman秩相关分析评价设定值与Eye-Monitor测量值的相关性;采用Bland-Altman一致性分析评价其客观监测值的准确性。通过变异系数评价各个设备客观监测值的稳定性。结果用眼距离、坐姿头部倾斜角、室内光照强度、近距离工作总时长、平均持续近距离用眼时长、户外活动时长、看计算机屏幕时长和看手机时长测量值与设定值之间均呈强正相关(rs=0.999、0.998、0.999、0.998、0.976、0.959、0.992、0.997,均P<0.001),95%一致性界限(LoA)分别为-1.23~2.32 cm、-1.49~4.24°、-13.90~26.90 lx、-6.46~0.11 min、-4.50~1.20 min、-4.01~1.34 min、-2.54~1.94 min和-2.15~0.45 min,超过95%的点在LoA内,准确性临床可接受。测量值变异系数分别为1.23%~2.99%、2.39%~8.25%、0.87%~8.03%、1.49%~12.52%、6.63%~13.59%、0.00%~14.15%、1.20%~8.33%和1.49%~12.51%,稳定性均较好。Eye-Monitor在测量户外光照强度的95%LoA为-336.50~130.00 lx,95%的点在LoA内,准确性较好。结论智能可穿戴设备能够客观量化用眼距离、坐姿头部倾斜角、室内光照强度、近距离工作总时长、平均持续近距离用眼时长、户外活动时长、看计算机屏幕时长和看手机时长,并具有较好的准确性和稳定性。