Approaches of Integrating Outdoor and Indoor Spaces of Urban Landscape Buildings

With the economic development and increase of income, urban citizens have attached more importance to the comfort of living environment, and aesthetic property of buildings. Exterior design is the extension and redesign on the basis of interior design, interior and exterior spatial design and architectural design are closely related. This paper explored the approaches of integrating indoor and outdoor spaces of urban landscape buildings by analyzing excellent building cases.

Environmental Design of Urban Outdoor Public Spaces Based on Children's Activities

This paper analyzed current situation of domestic and foreign children's outdoor spaces, and the relationship between urban public spaces and children's behaviors, summarized design principles and techniques to improve use efficiency of urban outdoor public spaces and facilities, create public spaces capable of meeting psychological behavior needs of children.

Research on the Difference of Human Thermal Comfort Perception in Outdoor Space of Campus in North China

Outdoor space on campus is an important place for daily activities of teachers and students,and there is an important connection between thermal comfort and users’ feelings.It is of great significance to explore the difference of thermal comfort perceived by human body for the effective use and renovation of space.With the typical outdoor space in the campus of North China University of Technology as the monitoring object,the influencing factors of the difference of human thermal comfort perception were analyzed by measuring the microclimate data of outdoor space in winter and the data of thermal comfort questionnaire.The results showed that the subjective feeling of human body to environmental thermal comfort in winter in outdoor space of campus in north China was correlated with various factors,and had significant correlation with gender and height.The research results are helpful to further explore the difference of thermal comfort perception.

Research on Thermal Comfort of Outdoor Space in Summer Urban Park: Take Mianyang Urban Park as an Example

One of the factors for the evaluation of the space environment is the comfort of outdoor activities spaces in urban parks. The space composed of different landscape elements has different microclimate environment. In this paper, in order to evaluate the role of thermal comfort in influencing resident’s assessment of the outdoor space and activities of the park, a thermal comfort survey was conducted on the outdoor open space of Mianyang Urban Park in summer. In this article, meteorological surveys, questionnaire surveys and observation of park attendance are selected to collect data. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) assessment was selected as the index to evaluate resident’s thermal comfort level, and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the spatial thermal environment of different outdoor landscape elements in the park. The overall comfort of current visitors is mainly influenced by their subjective heat perception voting (TSV). In this article, we focus on providing microclimate adjustment considerations for urban park landscape design, and may help people understand the outdoor thermal comfort of Mianyang in summer, increase the using time of outdoor activities, and promote the use of outdoor space.

Residents’ Satisfaction Assessment of Outdoor Residential Spaces;A Local Study in an Urban Compact Form in Sana’a, Yemen—Winter Period

This paper studies the thermal performance of outdoor residential spaces in the old part—historical part—of Sana’a city in the winter period and its impact on the residents’ satisfaction who occupied the buildings which overlook these spaces and use them on a pedestrian comfort basis. The analysis was carried out through the results of field measurements which study the temperature, relative humidity, and the air movement inside the selected outdoor spaces in the period of winter (2 months) data recorded through the devices used and compared with those obtained from the General Authority of Meteorology and Aviation—Meteorology Sector. Despite the passage of years, the author remained occupied with the opinion of the people whose homes overlook those outdoors spaces and what is their opinion of their performance. Therefore, an assessment was conducted in November 2020 to know the opinion of the people about the performance of these outdoor spaces and to compare the results of the field measurements with the results of the assessment. The measurements were conducted by using data-loggers that spread in some outdoor spaces in 7 spaces in old city of Sana’a and in its modern extension during the winter period which is the time of concern of this work. The measurements showed that the outdoor residential spaces in the old city of Sana’a are represented an advantage for winter climate over that of the modern city, so the focus in this paper was on that outdoors with the question of the users of the outdoor spaces in the old city only to clarify their satisfaction with it and whether it has succeeded as well from their point of view. Results presented in this paper are important to consider the relationship between the climatical performance of outdoor spaces and the comfort of the residents in the urban environment and give implications for urban planners and architects to improve the climate-based design methodology towards sustainable developments.

Microclimate in Hot Dry Damascus： The Influence of the Urban Environment on Human Perception

There is a broad recognition that microclimatic conditions contribute to the quality of life in cities. A favorable microclimate has a positive influence on both commercial and social activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the human being and the surrounding thermal environment in terms of thermal acceptability, physical quality of the place, emotional state and the usage of the urban space in hot dry Damascus, Syria. The study is based on questionnaire surveys during the summer and winter in six locations with different microclimates. It is shown that the urban design plays a significant role in improving the microclimate, especially during the summer. The study also illustrates that when people＇s thermal perception is within the thermally acceptable range （i.e., slightly cool, comfortable and slightly warm） they experience the urban design as significantly more beautiful and more pleasant than during thermally unacceptable conditions. The results indicate that there is an interactive relationship between the urban design and humans＇ emotional state. Our findings suggest that a new perspective is needed for determining urban microclimate requirements and incorporating them into the urban design process to enhance the thermal environment in outdoor urban spaces in Damascus.

Effects of outdoor shared spaces on social interaction in a housing estate in Algeria

This study aims to identify how the characteristics of shared outdoor spaces in housing estates influence residents to interact with one another. The study specificalty focuses on a housing project catted la cite des 1000 logts, which is situated in a zone d＇habitat urbaine nouvelle in Biskra, a city in South Algeria. The investigation draws on two sources of information, observations of the ways in which the residents use their neighborhood spaces and a questionnaire survey with residents about the perceived adequacy of these spaces for social interaction. Data for the survey was collected from the owners of fiats in the apartment blocks surrounding the open spaces. Housing samples were taken from a total of 1000 housing units identified within the study area. Twenty five percent （25%） of the total housing units were selected. Out of the 250 questionnaires administered to household-heads who were the respondents, only 230 were subsecluently retrieved for data anatysis. Results showed that the high degree of ＂openness＂ of la cite des 1000 logts and the poor quatity of communal outdoor spaces in the area discourage art forms of spatial use and reduce these outdoor spaces to transit areas. Furthermore, findings indicated that the layout of buildings and the quality of common outdoor spaces in residential neighborhoods substantially affect the use of these spaces and the social interaction among residents.