Erratum to:Vibration analysis of a gear-rotor-bearing system with outer-ring spalling and misalignment

Because of an unfortunate mistake during the production of this article,Figure 13 was wrongly inserted.The corrected Figure 13 is shown as follows.

Analysis and optimization of stamping and forming process of bearing outer ring

To address the common issues of wrinkling,tearing,and uneven wall thickness in the actual sheet metal stamp-ing process of the outer ring of needle roller bearings,this study analyzes critical technical indicators such asforming limits,thickness distribution,and principal strains in the forming process in detail.Three-dimensionalmodels of the concave and convex dies were constructed.The effects of different process parameters,includingstamping speed,edge pressure,sheet metal thickness,and friction coefficient,on the quality of the forming partswere investigated by varying these parameters.Subsequently,the orthogonal experimental method was used todetermine an optimal experimental group from multiple sets of experiments.It was found that under the processparameters of a stamping speed of 3000 mm/s,edge pressure of 2000 N,sheet metal thickness of 0.9 mm,andfriction coefficient of 0.125,the forming quality of the outer ring of the bearing is ideal.

Pepper mild mottle virus coat protein interacts with pepper chloroplast outer envelope membrane protein OMP24 to inhibit antiviral immunity in plants

Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)is a devastating viral pathogen of pepper(Capsicum annuum)but it is unclear whether and how peppers protect against PMMoV infection.The expression of the chloroplast outer membrane protein 24(OMP24)of C.annuum was upregulated under PMMoV infection and it interacted with PMMoV coat protein(CP).Silencing of OMP24 in either C.annuum or Nicotiana benthamiana facilitated PMMoV infection,whereas overexpression of N.benthamiana OMP24 in transgenic plants inhibited PMMoV infection.Both C.annuum OMP24(CaOMP24)and N.benthamiana OMP24(NbOMP24)localized to the chloroplast and have a moderately hydrophobic transmembrane domain that is necessary for their localization.Overexpression of CaOMP24 induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering,and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),the typical defense responses of chloroplasts transferring the retrograde signaling to the nucleus to regulate resistance genes.The expression of PR1 and PR2 was also upregulated significantly in plants overexpressing OMP24.Self-interaction of OMP24 was demonstrated and was required for OMP24-mediated plant defense.Interaction with PMMoV CP interfered with the self-interaction of OMP24 and impaired OMP24-induced stromules,perinuclear chloroplast clustering and ROS accumulation.The results demonstrate the defense function of OMP24 in pepper during viral infection and suggest a possible mechanism by which PMMoV CP modulates the plant defense to facilitate viral infection.

A data assimilation-based forecast model of outer radiation belt electron fluxes

Because radiation belt electrons can pose a potential threat to the safety of satellites orbiting in space,it is of great importance to develop a reliable model that can predict the highly dynamic variations in outer radiation belt electron fluxes.In the present study,we develop a forecast model of radiation belt electron fluxes based on the data assimilation method,in terms of Van Allen Probe measurements combined with three-dimensional radiation belt numerical simulations.Our forecast model can cover the entire outer radiation belt with a high temporal resolution(1 hour)and a spatial resolution of 0.25 L over a wide range of both electron energy(0.1-5.0 MeV)and pitch angle(5°-90°).On the basis of this model,we forecast hourly electron fluxes for the next 1,2,and 3 days during an intense geomagnetic storm and evaluate the corresponding prediction performance.Our model can reasonably predict the stormtime evolution of radiation belt electrons with high prediction efficiency(up to~0.8-1).The best prediction performance is found for~0.3-3 MeV electrons at L=~3.25-4.5,which extends to higher L and lower energies with increasing pitch angle.Our results demonstrate that the forecast model developed can be a powerful tool to predict the spatiotemporal changes in outer radiation belt electron fluxes,and the model has both scientific significance and practical implications.

A Lagrangian Trajectory Analysis of Azimuthally Asymmetric Equivalent Potential Temperature in the Outer Core of Sheared Tropical Cyclones

In this study,the characteristics of azimuthally asymmetric equivalent potential temperature(θ_(e))distributions in the outer core of tropical cyclones(TCs)encountering weak and strong vertical wind shear are examined using a Lagrangian trajectory method.Evaporatively forced downdrafts in the outer rainbands can transport low-entropy air downward,resulting in the lowestθ_(e)in the downshear-left boundary layer.Quantitative estimations ofθ_(e)recovery indicate that air parcels,especially those originating from the downshear-left outer core,can gradually revive from a low entropy state through surface enthalpy fluxes as the parcels move cyclonically.As a result,the maximumθ_(e)is observed in the downshear-right quadrant of a highly sheared TC.The trajectory analyses also indicate that parcels that move upward in the outer rainbands and those that travel through the inner core due to shear make a dominant contribution to the midlevel enhancement ofθ_(e)in the downshear-left outer core.In particular,the former plays a leading role in suchθ_(e)enhancements,while the latter plays a secondary role.As a result,moist potential stability occurs in the middle-to-lower troposphere in the downshear-left outer core.

Proteomic and Functional Analyses of Outer Membrane Vesicles Secreted by Vibrio splendidus

Vibrio splendidus is an important opportunistic pathogen ubiquitously present in the marine environment,exhibiting virulence to a variety of cultured animals.The extracellular products secreted by V.splendidus are crucial to bacterial survival and virulence.In this study,the secretion of outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)by V.splendidus was determined,purified,and morphologically characterized.The protein composition of OMVs was analyzed by proteomic analysis.The results showed that approximately 120 proteins were contained in these OMVs,including outer membrane proteins,flagellins,ABC transporters,protease,and iron regulation proteins,etc.,which were involved in bacterial motility,formation of biofilms and the cell membrane components,and cellular localization based on their structural molecule activity,passive transmembrane transporter activity,channel activity,neurotransmitter receptor activity,extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity,glutamate receptor activity,ligand-gated ion channel activity,and transmembrane signaling receptor activity.To explore the biological functions of OMVs in V.splendidus,the effects of OMVs on the bacterial adaption to iron limitation,antibiotic,and the coelomic fluid of the Apostichopus japonicus were confirmed.This study is the first time to show that V.splendidus secretes OMVs,and OMVs carry functional proteins that enhance bacterial survival under various stresses.

On-Site Assessment of a Cryogenic Disinfectant for the Alpine Environment and Outer Packaging of Frozen Items

Objective To study the effectiveness and feasibility of cryogenic disinfectants in different cold scenarios and analyze the key points of on-site cryogenic disinfection.Methods Qingdao and Suifenhe were selected as application sites for the manual or mechanical spraying of cryogenic disinfectants.The same amount of disinfectant(3,000 mg/L)was applied on cold chain food packaging,cold chain containers,transport vehicles,alpine environments,and article surfaces.The killing log value of the cryogenic disinfectant against the indicator microorganisms(Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli)was used to evaluate the on-site disinfection effect.Results When using 3,000 mg/L with an action time of 10 min on the ground in alpine regions,the surface of frozen items,cold-chain containers,and cold chain food packaging in supermarkets,all external surfaces were successfully disinfected,with a pass rate of 100%.The disinfection pass rates for cold chain food packaging and cold chain transport vehicles of centralized supervised warehouses and food processing enterprises were 12.5%(15/120),81.67%(49/60),and 93.33%(14/15),respectively;yet,the surfaces were not fully sprayed.Conclusion Cryogenic disinfectants are effective in disinfecting alpine environments and the outer packaging of frozen items.The application of cryogenic disinfectants should be regulated to ensure that they cover all surfaces of the disinfected object,thus ensuring effective cryogenic disinfection.

Newly Detected Transmission of bla_(KPC-2) by Outer Membrane Vesicles in Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Objective The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-KP)is a global public health problem.It is mainly caused by the plasmid-carried carbapenemase gene.Outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)contain toxins and other factors involved in various biological processes,includingβ-lactamase and antibiotic-resistance genes.This study aimed to reveal the transmission mechanism of OMV-mediated drug resistance of Klebsiella(K.)pneumoniae.Methods We selected CR-KP producing K.pneumoniae carbapenemase-2(KPC-2)to study whether they can transfer resistance genes through OMVs.The OMVs of CR-KP were obtained by ultracentrifugation,and incubated with carbapenem-sensitive K.pneumoniae for 4 h.Finally,the carbapenem-sensitive K.pneumoniae was tested for the presence of bla_(KPC-2)resistance gene and its sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics.Results The existence of OMVs was observed by the electron microscopy.The extracted OMVs had bla_(KPC-2)resistance gene.After incubation with OMVs,bla_(KPC-2)resistance gene was detected in sensitive K.pneumoniae,and it became resistant to imipenem and meropenem.Conclusion This study demonstrated that OMVs isolated from KPC-2-producing CR-KP could deliver bla_(KPC-2)to sensitive K.pneumoniae,allowing the bacteria to produce carbapenemase,which may provide a novel target for innovative therapies in combination with conventional antibiotics for treating carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Effect of High-Speed Solar Winds Turbulence Upstream of the Earth’s Magnetosphere: Case of the Outer Minima of Solar Cycles 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24

Highly turbulent environment, the solar wind is a stream of very energetic particles mainly made of protons and electrons. During its trip in the interplanetary space, this solar flow becomes more accelerated during the outer minima (descending phases) of the solar cycles and can therefore influence all of humanity and its technology. These disturbances lead to socio-economic consequences requiring a precise knowledge of the climate variability. Using a statistical approach, we evaluate the response of the Earth’s magnetosphere to the High-Speed Solar Winds (HSSW) forcing during the peaks of the last five outer minima. To do so, 1UA data of solar wind and magnetic field parameters were extracted from OMNI browser. Analysis of the energetic solar plasma particles shows that strong geomagnetic field variations can occur even in the absence of large solar disturbances. While the normalized reconnection rate was estimated to be ~21% of the total variance of the magnetospheric variables, the upstream of the magnetic cavity was perturbed 80% of the time with large energies recorded. As a result, Earth’s magnetosphere becomes denser (i.e., more drag), which is a problem for spacecraft. Thus, the coupled solar wind-magnetosphere system follows scale-invariant dynamics and is in a state far from equilibrium. Our analysis provides insight into the main cause of geomagnetic storms with more than 97% of HSSW imposed in the range 300 - 850 km/s. These high-speeds lead to auroras that can disrupt electrical and communication systems.

外空安全与环境治理:进展、挑战与机遇

随着人类航天活动的迅猛发展,外空环境日益复杂无序,外空安全的威胁显著上升,外层空间长期可持续性面临严重挑战。本文全面介绍了外空安全面临的最新态势,系统分析了空间碎片数量逐年增多、低轨大规模星座迅猛部署、新型航天活动快速喷发、外空资源争夺日趋激烈、外空军事化愈演愈烈等对外空安全和外空长期可持续的冲击。本文指出,从外空命运共同体、国家空间资产安全、航天强国建设出发,外空环境治理是大势所趋和唯一出路,孕育着航天技术创新、产业革命、法规建制等重大机遇。基于国情提出了我国对策和发展建议。

鲍曼不动杆菌OmpA蛋白的生物学特性分析

目的提取临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌外膜蛋白A(OmpA)的基因,并进行生物学预测和分析。方法查询鲍曼不动杆菌OmpA基因序列,设计特异性PCR引物,以提取的鲍曼不动杆菌基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增OmpA片段。回收目的片段,采用生物信息学软件分析OmpA蛋白的生物学特性。结果12株鲍曼不动杆菌多位点序列分型(MLST)序列分析有6个ST分型,分别是ST 208、ST 229、ST 191、ST 195、ST540、ST 1145,鲍曼不动杆菌OmpA基因序列全长为1070 bp的,单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点较少,预测蛋白为跨膜蛋白,具有6种三级结构,均由β-桶状结构组成的保守结构域。结论临床分离的不同鲍曼不动杆菌株OmpA蛋白为结构相对保守的跨膜蛋白,具有维持细胞的形状和稳定性,参与细菌耐药机制及免疫原性作用。

ODF1在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨ODF1在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤(NEN)中的表达及与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法收集2008-01—2021-12;胃肠道NEN标本254例,包括168例神经内分泌瘤(NETs)和86例神经内分泌癌(NEC)。采用免疫组化法检测ODF1在上述组织中的表达,分析其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。结果ODF1在168例NETs中全部弥漫阳性表达,在86例NEC中的阳性表达率为24.4%,而且均为局灶阳性染色。ODF1在胃肠道NETs和NEC中的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ODF1的表达随着NEN分级增高、T分期增加、淋巴结转移和TNM分期增加而降低(P<0.05)。ODF1的表达与患者性别和年龄无关(P>0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析和单因素COX分析显示ODF1阳性NEC患者的预后较好,多因素COX分析显示ODF1表达不是NEC独立的预后因子。结论ODF1在胃肠道NETs中表达显著高于NEC。ODF1水平随着NEN分级增高、T分期增加、淋巴结转移和TNM分期增加而降低,对预后预测有一定价值。

高含水复杂断块油藏单层系边外注水开发模式

复杂断块油藏在开发后期面临综合含水率高、地层能量不足、剩余油分布复杂、井网适应性差等问题。以济阳坳陷沾化凹陷中部垦71断块油藏为例,基于水驱油藏的油包水和水包油2种油水分布状态,利用理论模型推导和数值模拟方法,开展了单层系边外注水开发模式研究。结果表明:从采液端和注水端的受力分析可获得单层系开发的合理注水量、合理采液量和合理注采井距,单层系开发的合理注水压差、合理注水量、合理采液量是影响其剩余油饱和度、含水饱和度的关键因素,对油层合理地层压力水平及剩余油二次富集起主要控制作用。通过加大注采井距至油水边界外围,以2.9倍含油条带宽度为合理注采井距的临界值,采用短注长静置的非对称周期注采方式,建立单层系边外注水开发模式,有利于保持单层系的压力系统稳定和提高剩余油波及率,从而提高原油采收率。矿场实践表明,采用单层系边外注水开发模式后,垦71断块油藏日产油量提高至254 t/d,含水率控制在93.7%,采收率提高至31.53%,采油速率提高4.9%,显示出良好的增产效果。单层系边外注水开发模式解决了高含水复杂断块油藏开发中的剩余油分布分散、水驱波及率低和井网适应性差等难题,可为复杂断块油藏开发提供指导和借鉴。

空间威慑到空间威胁:防止外空军备竞赛的规则解释与中国因应

目前,外空军控规则的走向出现了明显分歧。一些国家提出所谓的“空间威胁”概念,意图推进“负责任外空行为准则”。威慑与威胁密切相关,没有威胁就没有威慑。当代国际法承认有限度威慑的合法性,也就意味着承认部分威胁的合法性。《联合国宪章》中的威胁主要是指“武力威胁”,如果适用于外空领域,必须对空间威胁的所有可能要素加以分析,包括主观(意图)、实施主体(是否可归结为国家)、行为表现(可衡量、可归因、可证明)、损害后果、因果关系等,换言之,需达到一定的门槛——必须具备诉诸武力的极大可能性。一些国家列举的所谓“空间威胁”具有选择性和针对性,存在着覆盖不全和依赖主观判断的缺陷,依照现有国际法进行解释,这些所谓的“空间威胁”不能被确认为国际不法行为。当代国际外空军控规则是大国奉行威慑战略下彼此达成妥协的结果,如果无视这一历史趋势,强行推进有利于某些国家保持太空军事优势的规则,必然会破坏战略稳定与平衡,最终严重损害国际社会防止外空军备竞赛(PAROS)的集体努力。

内圣外王的期盼:中国古代君德论及其特征

中国古代君德论起源于殷周,发展于两汉,兴盛于唐,繁荣于两宋,变革于明末清初,一脉相承而内容不断丰富。君德的内容包含了君主的德性、器识、才智、能力等诸多因素,主要体现在君主个人修养以及施政过程中如何处理君臣关系、君民关系等方面。完善君德的方式主要有经筵讲读、皇储教育、家训教化、大臣谏诤、史书褒贬。古代君德论特征鲜明,君主地位的尊崇、历史的教训与现实的需要是君德论的起点,儒家“修齐治平”“内圣外王”理论是君德论的思想基础,读经观史,以经为则、以史为鉴是完善君德的重要手段,“致君尧舜”是君德修养的重点。古人已经形成了一套围绕君主而展开的关于君德修养的理论体系。同时也要看到,古人讨论君德,既存在“师道”与“君道”之间无法调和的矛盾,也没有进行制度层面的反思,反映的只是一种泛道德化的政治伦理观。

运用CT三维重建技术测量骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折与中青年创伤性胸腰椎骨折患者椎弓根宽度的临床价值

目的探讨运用CT三维重建技术测量骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)与中青年创伤性胸腰椎(T_(11)-L_(5))骨折患者椎弓根宽度(PW)的临床价值。方法收集2020年10月—2022年10月我院收治的117例脊柱胸腰段骨折患者资料进行回顾性分析,将65例OVCF患者纳入A组,将52例中青年创伤性胸腰椎(T_(11)-L_(5))骨折患者纳入B组,均采用CT三维重建技术测量T_(11)-L_(5)各对应脊椎PW,比较两组各对应弓根两侧PW及不同性别间的差异,并计算PW<5 mm及<7 mm的百分比。结果A组对应脊椎左右侧PW比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组T_(11)-L_(5)各对应脊椎的PW值小于B组(P<0.05)。两组T_(11)-L_(5)各对应脊椎的PW值男性大于女性(P<0.05),A组T_(11)-L_(3)各对应脊椎的男性和女性PW值小于B组(P<0.05),两组的L_(4)、L_(5)脊椎PW值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组共测量655个椎弓根,PW<5 mm者占椎弓根总数的7.48%,主要分布于T_(11)-L_(3)脊椎,<7 mm占比37.25%,T_(11)-L_(4)均有分布;B组共测量359个椎弓根,PW<5 mm者占椎弓根总数的1.67%,T_(12)-L_(2)分别均有分布,<7 mm患者占比13.09%,分布于T_(11)-L_(3)。A组PW<5 mm占比和7 mm占比高于B组(均P<0.05)。结论老年OVCF患者T_(11)-L_(3) PW小于中青年创伤性胸腰椎骨折患者,且女性小于男性,故临床应对胸腰椎骨折患者术前行CT三维重建检查,测量PW,以评估手术治疗的可行性,并降低并发症发生。

增加革兰阴性菌外膜囊泡产量的研究进展

外膜囊泡(OMVs)是由革兰阴性菌释放的一种囊泡状结构,在革兰阴性菌的生长、感染以及与周围环境交流等过程中发挥重要作用。由于OMVs无活性、不能复制且具有良好的免疫原性,被广泛应用于新型疫苗的研究。但天然OMVs产量低,无法达到规模化生产的要求,OMVs产量提升是OMVs疫苗产业化要解决的关键核心技术问题。本文主要从细菌基因改造、生长培养条件优化和OMVs生产纯化工艺优化3个方面对提升OMVs产量的研究进行综述,以期为OMVs疫苗产业化研究开发提供参考。

肠出血性大肠杆菌疫苗的开发和展望

[背景]肠出血性大肠杆菌(enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli,EHEC)感染是世界范围内重要的公共卫生问题之一,目前还未有针对EHEC的有效预防控制手段.安全有效的疫苗可以提供对EHEC感染的免疫保护.[进展]本文主要介绍EHEC相关疫苗的研发进展及可用于评估各种免疫策略的动物模型.EHEC疫苗开发策略主要针对志贺毒素及黏附相关毒力因子,通过特异性抗原激活机体免疫达到预防控制效果.进而讨论EHEC外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs)疫苗的制备方式及其作为多抗原疫苗平台的应用潜力.[展望]对EHEC抗原的筛选以及OMVs疫苗平台的设计,将有助于人们更充分掌握EHEC感染与免疫的分子机制,开发出针对更多血清型的EHEC疫苗.

采用改进遗传算法优化LS-SVM逆系统的外转子无铁心无轴承永磁同步发电机解耦控制

为了实现外转子无铁心无轴承永磁同步发电机(outer rotor coreless bearingless permanent magnet synchronous generator,ORC-BPMSG)的精确控制,提出一种基于改进遗传算法(improved genetic algorithm,IGA)优化最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine,LS-SVM)逆系统的解耦控制策略。首先,基于ORC-BPMSG的结构及工作原理,推导其数学模型,并分析其可逆性。其次,建立LS-SVM回归方程,并采用IGA优化LS-SVM的性能参数,从而训练得到逆系统。然后,将逆系统与原系统串接,形成伪线性系统,实现了ORC-BPMSG的线性化和解耦。最后,将提出的控制方法与传统LS-SVM逆系统控制方法进行对比仿真和实验。仿真和实验结果表明:所提出的控制策略可以较好地实现ORC-BPMSG输出电压和悬浮力、以及悬浮力之间的解耦控制。

唐五代建筑材等与平面主要尺度特征关联性研究

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