Loss Rate Estimation of Yield and Output Value of Tobacco Leaf Infected by Tobacco Blown Spot (Alternaria alternata)

[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of tobacco blown spot on the yield and output value of tobacco leaf.[Method]The upper,middle and lower leaves in tobacco plant were selected during the harvest period of tobacco to carry out loss rate estimation of yield and output value of tobacco leaf caused by different disease levels of brown spot.Regression correlation analysis was also conducted.[Result]The disease levels of brown spot had extremely significant strong negative correlation with single leaf weight of tobacco leaf,and it had extremely significant strong positive correlation with the loss rate of single leaf weight.The increase speed of loss rate of single leaf weight of middle and upper leaves was obviously faster than that of lower leaves.The loss rates of single leaf weight of upper,middle and lower leaves were 3.18%-28.95%,3.43%-28.88% and 10.07%-26.90%,respectively.The higher the disease level of blown spot was,the lower the yield and output value of tobacco leaf was,and the corresponding loss rate was also higher.Correlation analysis showed that the disease level of blown spot had extremely significant strong negative correlation with the yield and output value of tobacco leaf,and it had extremely significant strong positive correlation with the loss rate of yield and output value.The negative impact of blown spot on the output value of tobacco leaf was far greater than that on the yield.The highest loss rate of the yield of tobacco leaf was 28.56%,while the highest loss rate of output value reached 89.67%.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for accurately holding the critical period for the control of blown spot,thus reducing the damage on tobacco leaf and improving the output value of tobacco leaf.

Effects of Different Tillage and Mulching Modes on Tobacco Output Value and Soil Quality

Based on three years of long-term fixed-site field trial, the effects of differ- ent tillage and mulching modes on the yield and output value of tobacco and soil quality were investigated. The results showed that the yield and output value of to- bacco in tillage treatment were improved by 22.72 % and 37.23 % compared with non-tillage treatment, respectively; the yield and output value of tobacco in rotation treatment were improved by 1.83% and 19.41% compared with continuous cropping treatment, respectively; the yield and output value of tobacco in straw mulching treatment were improved by 3.55% and 2.4% compared with non-straw mulching treatment, respectively, which indicated that tillage, rotation and straw mulching could improve the yield and output value of tobacco to a certain extent; especially, the yield and output value of tobacco increased significantly after plowing under rotation conditions. The contents of available phosphorus （AP）, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen （AN）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in non- tillage treatment were 35.14%, 9.92%, 9.57%, 4.40% and 34.16% higher compared with tillage treatment; especially, under non-tillage conditions, soil pH and contents of available potassium （AK）, AP, AN,OM,TN,TP and total potassium （TK） in continu- ous cropping field were 2.01%, 48.68%, 73.09%, 11.45%, 7.71%, 7.31%, 47.68% and 11.78% higher compared with rotation field, indicating that non-tillage treatment and continuous cropping could improve the total content and available content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, from the perspective of soil fer- tility improvement and sustainable tobacco production, continuous cropping under non-tillage conditions might be the most appropriate cropping pattern for local soil fertility improvement; aiming at improving the yield and output value of tobacco, green manure-tobacco→, green manure/wheat/maize→green manure-tobacco ro- tation might be the most appropriate cropping pattern.

Effects of Soil Amendment on Growth,Yield and Output of Flue-cured Tobacco in South Anhui Province

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil amend- ment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material on growth and develop- ment, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco in South Anhui Province. [Method] A field plot experiment was conducted. The agronomic traits, yield and output value, as well as appearance quality and flavor of flue-cured tobacco were evaluated. [Re- suit] The soil amendments composed of biochars and inorganic mineral materials could significantly increase plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, yield and output of flue-cured tobacco, as well as proportion of first-grade tobacco leaves at the middle and late growth period. The yield in the X3 treatment group （70% T20 ＋ 30% ZC） was highest, and it was higher than that in the control group by 398 kg/hm2. Com- pared with that in the control group, the output of flue-cured tobacco in the X3 treatment group was increased by 10 290 yuan/hm2. In terms of appearance quality and flavor, the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the soil amendment treatment groups were all better than those in the control group. [Conclusion] The application of soil amendment composed of biochar and inorganic mineral material is an effective mea- sure to improve tobacco-growing soil, promote tobacco growth and development, im- prove tobacco yield and output and improve tobacco leaf quality in South Anhui re- gion.

Effects of the Combined Use of Tobacco Special Inorganic Fertilizer and Cake Organic Fertilizer on the Quality of Tobacco K326

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combined use of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer on the growth and development as well as the quality of tobacco leaves.[Method] Different ratios of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer were applied.Then,the agronomic traits and leaf quality determining factors were measured and analyzed at different growing stages.[Result] Compared with the control,the tobacco plant height was increased by 3.01％-5.84％,while the number of valid leaves was increased by 5.56％-20.39％ in all the treatments with combined use of fertilizers.The ratio of sugar to nicotine of leaf was closer to 10±1,and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of leaf was closer to 1±0.1.In addition,the combined use of 750 kg/hm2 tobacco special base fertilizer and 292 kg/hm2 cake organic fertilizer had a better effect for improving the agronomic traits and flavor qualities than all the other treatments.[Conclusion] This study will provide reference for developing special full-aroma tobacco leaf product and new tobacco special fertilizers in Hunan.

Climatic Characteristics of Hubei Tobacco Area and Its Influence on the Quality of Upper Leaves

In order to provide a more suitable environment for tobacco leaf growth, this study collected meteorological information and tobacco leaf quality information from the main tobacco-producing counties in the province and conducted relevant analysis to find out the main meteorological factors affecting the growth, development, yield, and quality of upper tobacco leaves. Clarify the suitable climatic conditions for the growth and development of the upper leaves, and clarify the influence of various meteorological factors on the quality of the upper leaves. The results showed that the nicotine and total nitrogen content of the upper leaves were significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature during the maturity period, and negatively correlated with the rainfall during the maturity period;the rainfall in July was significantly positively correlated with the upper leaf clutter score, which was sufficient in the mature period. Moisture conditions are conducive to alleviating the upper leaf clutter;the number of sunshine hours in August is the main factor affecting the content of aroma substances in the upper leaves, and it is also significantly positively correlated with the content of aroma substances.

Effects of Different Flue-curing Barns on Aroma Quality of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of K326

[Objective] This study was conducted to compare the aroma quality of up-per leaves of K326 flue-cured in different barns, and provide theoretical references for the development and optimization of bulk curing barn and the supporting tech-niques. [Method] The upper leaves of K326 were flue-cured in a commonness barn, a four-shelf bulk curing barn and a three-shelf bulk curing barn separately, and then the contents of aroma components and taste quality indices of the finished leaves were measured and compared. [Result] The contents of total aroma components, chromoplast pigment degradation products, phenylalanine aroma components and neophytadiene showed no significant differences in the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn and commonness barn, but were significantly or very significantly higher than those in the leaves flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn. The con-tents of carotenoid degradation products, Mail ard reaction products, cembranes aro-ma components and total aroma components （except neophytadiene） showed no significant difference among the three treatments. The results of sensory evaluation revealed that the sensory taste of the leaves flue-cured in four-shelf bulk curing barn was the best, as the finished leaves had rich, delicate aroma, comfortable and clean aftertaste. The leaves flue-cured in commonness barn was better than those flue-cured in three-shelf bulk curing barn in aroma quality, amount and aftertaste. [Conclusion] The four-shelf bulk curing barn had a large volume for tobacco leaf processing, but a similar baking environment to the commonness barn, which is conducive to the formation and accumulation of aroma components, so the finished leaves had similar appearance and quality with those flue-cured in commonness barn. The upper flue-cured leaves in three-shelf bulk curing bran had poorer quality than those flue-cured in the other two barns.

Research on the Construction and Function of a Chlorophyll Degradation Recombinant Engineering Strain

In order to effectively reduce the chlorophyll content in flue-cured tobacco, improve the overall quality of tobacco leaves, chlorophyllase gene was cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana. After the expression of the expression vector in E. coil, the recombinant engineering strain was obtained. Afterwards, IPTG （isopropy-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside）was used to induce the goal protein, and the chlorophyllase activity of the recombinant engineering strain was measured, so as to investigate its degradation effect on the chlorophyll in the extracts of tobacco leaves. The results were as follows： （1） the amplified chlorophyllase gene At- CLH1 constructed the expression vector pET28a-AtCLH1 successfully, obtaining the recombinant engineering strain; （2） induced under 30 ℃ for 22 h, the strain could well express the recombinant protein AtCLH1 with 0.5 mmol/L IPTG, and the molecular weight was about 35 kDa; （3） the strain showed good chlorophyllase producing capability, and the activity of the produced chlorophyllase could reach up to 24.9 U/mL, which could degrade the chlorophyll in tobacco extract and had a good application prospect in improving the quality of low quality tobacco; （4） based on the results of orthogonal test, the enzyme extract from the strain was added to the tobacco leaf surface, which could make the degradation rate of chlorophyll in the tobacco leaf reach 17.06% under the temperature of 37 ℃ at the humidity of 75% for 48 h; （5） after treated by the enzyme liquid, the test tobacco showed increase in the content of aromatic substances, enhancement of tobacco fragrance quality and amount, significant decrease of offensive odor and irritation, significant improvement of agreeable aftertaste, making the overall sensory quality of the tobacco leaf significantly improved.

烤烟上部叶成熟度对烟叶品质的影响

为探究四川省广元产区上部烟叶适宜的采收成熟度,以云烟87为试验材料,设置4个成熟度处理,测定不同处理烤后烟外观质量、化学成分、感官质量及经济效益。结果表明:2021年较常规采收时间推迟3 d采收,上部烟叶烤后外观质量最好,化学成分较为协调,但还原糖和总糖含量稍低于优质烟叶目标;2022年较常规采收时间推迟3 d采收,上部烟叶烤后外观质量、感官质量及经济效益均最好。综合来看,建议较常规采收时间推迟3 d,此时可达到广元烟区上部烟叶采收的最佳成熟度。

生物刺激素对烤烟根际微生态及烟叶品质的影响

【目的】探究生物刺激素在烤烟栽培上的应用效果,为植烟土壤改良及烟叶品质改善提供新的思路。【方法】采用大田试验,以常规施肥为对照(CK),在CK基础上设施用海藻酸(BS1)、古生物源生物刺激素(BS2)和矿源黄腐酸(BS3)3个生物刺激素处理,于烤烟盛花期取烟株根围土壤测定土壤理化性质(pH、阳离子交换量及有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量)、酶(蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶)活性及微生物群落多样性;于烤烟成熟时调查农艺性状(株高、茎围、有效叶片数、最大腰叶长、最大腰叶宽、顶叶长、顶叶宽、叶面积),并对上部叶(倒数第5~6片烟叶)进行标识,调制后进行化学成分(总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾、氯、淀粉含量,糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比)测算,分析3种生物刺激素对植烟土壤微生态环境及烟叶品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比,BS1和BS3处理不同程度提高了植烟土壤氮、磷、钾速效养分含量及阳离子交换量,极显著提高了土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性;明显提高土壤优势菌门奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)和根肿黑粉菌门(Entorrhizomycota)的相对丰度,以及优势菌属根肿黑粉菌属(Entorrhiza)的相对丰度,而降低子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度;BS3处理土壤细菌、真菌群落的丰富度和多样性及其功能代谢途径丰度均高于CK、BS1和BS2处理;施用生物刺激素可促进烤烟生长发育和烟叶开片,其中BS3处理有利于提高烟叶化学成分适宜性和协调性。【结论】矿源黄腐酸处理改良土壤、促进烤烟生长及提升烟叶品质的综合效应较优,是适合烤烟施用的生物刺激素。

不同叶长·叶宽和单叶重对广元烤后烟叶质量的影响

为明确广元优质烤后烟叶适宜的叶长、叶宽和单叶重范围,为广元地区生产优质烤烟提供数据支撑,2021年在四川省广元市剑阁县5个收购线分别挑选10户种植水平具有代表性的烟农,取X2F、C2F、C3F和B2F等级烟叶样品各2 kg,按等级划分不同叶长、叶宽和单叶重进行烟叶质量评价。结果表明:随着叶长的增加,X2F、B2F等级烟叶总糖、还原糖含量呈减少趋势。随着叶长的增加,C3F烟叶烟碱、钾含量升高;随着叶宽的增加,C3F烟叶总糖、还原糖含量逐渐增加。X2F和C3F等级烟叶随着单叶重的增加,总糖含量逐渐增加,钾含量减少。随着烟叶叶宽和单叶重的增加,X2F烟叶外观质量总分均表现为先增加后降低。随着叶长的增加,C2F和C3F烟叶外观质量总分均表现为逐渐增加,外观质量总分从高到低依次为>75 cm、>65~75 cm、>55~65 cm、≤55 cm。随着叶长、叶宽和单叶重的增加,C2F、C3F、B2F烟叶感官质量得分大多表现为先上升后下降。随着叶长、叶宽的增加,C2F、B2F烟叶感官质量得分表现为先上升后下降。当X2F烟叶叶长控制在>50~60 cm、叶宽控制在>15~19 cm、单叶重控制在>7~11 g时,X2F烟叶综合品质较好;当C2F烟叶叶长控制在>55~65 cm、叶宽控制在>15~23 cm、单叶重控制在>9~13 g时,C2F烟叶综合品质较好;当C3F烟叶叶长控制在>65~75 cm、叶宽控制在>15~23 cm、单叶重控制在>8~12 g时,C3F烟叶综合品质较好;当B2F叶长控制在>55~65 cm、叶宽控制在>15~23 cm、单叶重控制在>9~15 g时,B2F烟叶综合品质较好。

灌溉起垄对烤烟上部叶片生长发育及品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨提高山东烟区烤烟上部叶可用性的水分管理策略及其生理响应机制。通过田间试验,以‘中烟100’为试验材料,分析了灌溉配合起垄处理对烤烟上部叶物质积累、光合特性、氮磷钾含量以及积累量、叶片组织结构和烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明,与对照处理相比,全生育期内的灌溉处理显著增加了根、茎、叶的干物质积累量和烘烤后叶片的厚度,同时提高了光合作用特性;促进了氮含量由根、茎向叶片的转运,并增加了生长后期叶片的氮含量和氮素积累量;降低了还原糖、总糖含量,烟碱和总氮含量也有显著提高,糖碱比和氮碱比的值均在适宜范围。综上,灌溉起垄能够有效促进烤烟上部叶的生长发育以及提升其品质,为提升山东烟区烤烟上部叶的可用性提供了参考。

基于数字化描述的烤烟中部叶外观质量评价方法研究

为阐明不同典型生态区烟叶外观质量特征及区域间差异,跟踪了2019—2021年11个典型生态区46个县的230个试验点的烟叶样品,通过构建“刻度尺”模式外观质量数字化描述评价方法,对不同生态区中部烟叶样品进行评价。结果表明,烤烟外观质量指标间存在极显著相关关系,不同区域间外观质量差异较明显,其中武夷山区和皖南山区单项指标和综合评价分值较高,其次是云贵高原、南岭山区、秦巴山区、东北产区、中原产区;黔中山、武陵山区、鲁中山区、雪峰山区整体品质偏低。年际间比较,2019年与2020、2021年单项指标和综合评价差异较明显,2020年与2021年际间无明显差异,样品质量较稳定。

生物有机肥与化肥减量配施对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响

为减少化肥的过量施用,提高湖南宜章植烟土壤肥力和烟叶生产效益,以烤烟品种‘K326’为材料,采用田间试验研究了不同比例生物有机肥与化肥减量配施对土壤养分及烟叶产量与品质的影响。结果表明:增施适当比例生物有机肥配合化肥减量能不同程度地改善土壤肥力质量,促进烟株的生长。随着生物有机肥比例的增加与化肥用量的减少,烤烟的各项生长农艺性状、感官评吸质量、产量、产值以及上等烟比例呈先升后降的趋势。其中,以减量20%化学追肥的T2处理对烟株的生长和烟叶的品质表现最好。与常规施肥的对照(CK)相比,烟草株高、有效叶片数和最大叶面积分别增加8.24%~17.00%、13.81%~23.22%和12.63%~16.86%,C3F烟叶中总糖和钾含量分别达到26.51%~30.01%和2.16%~2.86%,C3F和B2F烟叶的感官评吸质量分别提高1.67%~2.98%和3.12%~4.10%,烟叶产量、上等烟比例和产值分别提高3.76%~6.58%、3.38%~3.79%和8.24%~9.58%。研究结果为湘南植烟区应用生物有机肥与化肥减量配施提供了科学参考依据。

昆明产区烟叶质量现状及后备烤烟新品种筛选研究

为探索昆明产区烟叶质量现状和筛选符合“黄山”卷烟品牌需求的烤烟后备品种,2023年在昆明4个不同生态亚区8个乡镇布点,每个点以当地主栽品种红花大金元、MSK326或MS云烟87为对照,引进云烟121、YN223两个烤烟新品种进行同田对比试验,参照“黄山”品牌对原料的质量需求,对调制后的中部烟叶进行检测和评价.结果表明:1)在昆明产区,烟叶外观质量和感官质量主要受生态亚区的影响,而种植品种仅影响烟气风格的彰显程度.2)昆明产区烟叶外观质量、化学指标和感官质量总体较好,但存在糖高碱低、氮高碱低、钾含量偏低的不足,烟叶油分、色度、香气量、回甜感等方面有待提升.3)昆明产区可将云烟121作为“黄山”卷烟品牌的后备烤烟品种,进一步开展大田试验示范及工业可用性验证.综上所述,该研究初步筛选出符合“黄山”品牌的后备品种,探索出昆明产区烟叶质量现状及其质量改善的方向.

山东省不同类型烟叶质量特征差异及原因分析

为明确山东省不同类型烟叶质量特征差异及原因,本研究连续3年采集山东烟区烟叶样品,分析不同类型烟叶物理特性、化学成分和感官评吸质量,通过相关分析,解析影响评吸质量的主要因素。结果表明:中、上部叶物理特性方面,香吃味型最好,香味型居其次,吃味型最低,表现在部分吃味型中、上部叶发育过旺,叶片大小、单叶重、叶面密度超出适宜范围。化学成分方面,香味型中部叶化学成分协调性最好,香吃味型中部叶居于其次,吃味型中部叶最低,主要是部分吃味型烟叶淀粉、氯离子含量高且钾氯比低;3种类型上部叶化学成分协调性基本一致。感官评吸质量方面,中部叶质量得分为香味型最高,香吃味型其次,吃味型最低,差异主要体现在香气质、余味、杂气、刺激性等指标;3种类型上部烟叶评吸质量差异不明显。相关分析表明,叶宽对中部叶评吸质量产生显著负效应,叶长、叶片厚度对上部叶评吸质量产生显著负效应;钾和钾氯比对中部叶评吸质量产生显著正效应,而还原糖、硫、氯离子、纤维素、半纤维素产生显著负效应;还原糖、总糖对上部叶评吸质量产生显著正效应,而烟碱、纤维素产生负效应。吃味型中部叶评吸质量较低,与其叶片发育过旺及硫、氯含量较高有关;3种类型上部叶评吸质量无显著差异,但其原因各有不同,香味型、香吃味型上部叶虽然钾含量高、氯离子含量低,但总糖含量低、烟碱含量高,糖碱比协调性变差,而吃味型上部叶钾含量低、氯离子含量高,总糖含量高、烟碱含量低,糖碱比协调。因此,需针对不同类型烟叶的问题,采取相应农艺措施,提高烟叶质量。

海拔高度对烟叶生长代谢及烤后品质的影响

为明确四川凉山烟区不同海拔高度对烟叶生长以及烤后品质的影响,以烤烟品种YKS-9为供试品种,在四川凉山1800、2000、2200 m三种海拔高度处进行试验,研究海拔高度对YKS-9农艺性状、烤后烟叶品质、鲜烟叶超微结构和叶片代谢的影响。结果表明,海拔2000 m高度处的烟株农艺性状及烤后烟叶品质较好,2200 m高度处农艺性状及烤后烟叶品质最差;随着海拔升高,烟叶细胞内液泡体积增大,细胞内产生更多、更小的线粒体,且叶绿体内淀粉粒数目增多、体积增大,但叶绿体片层数和垛叠程度减少。代谢组学分析结果显示,3个处理组间共筛选出102种显著差异代谢物,其中多数糖类(D-半乳糖酸、D-甘露糖、D-阿洛糖、D-塔格糖)、部分氨基酸类(L-天门冬氨酸、L-瓜氨酸、L-苏氨酸、D-脯氨酸、2,3-二羟基-3-甲基丁酸、丙氨酸)、莽草酸代谢相关物质(L-苯丙氨酸、莽草酸、奎尼酸)相对含量均随海拔升高呈现先升后降趋势;而嘌呤代谢物质(鸟苷、腺嘌呤)以及苯丙烷代谢相关物质(山奈酚、芸香苷、绿原酸)相对含量随海拔升高急剧上升。整体而言,在四川凉山烟区海拔2000 m处种植烤烟最为适宜,1800 m处次之,2200 m处较差。

基于插值法分析施肥量和留叶数对烤烟的影响

为明确烤烟适宜的施肥量和留叶数,提升烟叶生产过程中的综合效益,以施肥量和留叶数为变量,采用正交试验设计,通过插值的方法分析了不同施肥量、留叶数对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、品质性状的影响。结果表明:随着施肥量由450 kg·hm^(-2)增加至600 kg·hm^(-2),烤烟长势显著提升,产量、均价、中部和上部烟叶主要化学成分协调性评价总分逐渐提高;随着留叶数由每株16片增加至20片,成熟期最大叶面积与倒3叶面积差值逐渐增大,株形呈“倒塔形”-“筒形”-“塔形”变化。产量、产值分别提高20.8%、18.8%,上等烟率、均价分别降低7.6%、1.5%,烟叶种植净收益逐渐提高,中部和上部烟叶主要化学成分协调性评价总分均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。在烟叶生产过程中,适度提高养分供给强度,并增加留叶数,有利于提高烟叶品质,且烟农种植净收益较高。

丽江烟区烤烟高可用性上部叶适宜采收期研究

为明确丽江市玉龙县烟区烤烟上部叶最佳采收期,优化烟叶供需结构,为卷烟原料高质量供给提供技术支撑。采用完全随机区组试验,研究烤烟上部叶采收期(提前8 d、正常和延迟8 d)对鲜烟叶成熟采收特征及叶绿素含量、烟株农艺性状、气候性斑点病和普通花叶病发生、烤后烟叶化学成分和经济性状影响。结果表明,随着延迟采收上部叶,其茎叶夹角由锐角逐渐变成钝角,叶面落黄和叶脉变白程度明显加剧,绒毛脱落和成熟斑增多;农艺性状差异不显著,上部烟叶中SPAD值逐渐降低,由高到低依次为T1(未熟)处理、T2(成熟)处理、T3(过熟)处理;田间气候斑点病、普通花叶病的发病率和病情指数由高到低均表现为T3处理、T2处理、T1处理。适当延迟采收上部叶能提高烟草产量、产值、上等烟比例,可改善上部叶品质,使烟叶各化学成分更适中,不同处理烟叶化学成分协调性由高到低表现为T3处理、T2处理、T1处理。丽江市玉龙县烟区上部烟叶应适当延迟4~6 d,以获得较好质量且可用性高的优质上部烟叶。

湘南典型烟区土壤有机碳库指数、养分库容对烟叶质量的影响

于2020─2021年采集了耒阳烟区土壤及烟叶样品,分析了土壤有机碳库指数、养分及其库容对烟叶质量的影响和作用途径。结果表明:土壤有机碳库指数、养分总库容量、有效磷库容量及碱解氮库容量是影响烤后烟叶化学成分、外观质量及感官质量的4个主要指标;土壤有机碳库指数通过影响烟叶总钾、总糖、总植物碱含量间接地影响烤烟的感官质量,还通过影响烟叶总钾、总植物碱、总氮(土壤碱解氮)含量间接地影响烤烟的外观质量;土壤有机碳库指数、烤烟总钾含量、总植物碱含量与烤烟的外观质量、感官质量均呈显著正相关;烤烟的总糖含量与其感官质量呈显著正相关;土壤碱解氮含量与烤烟的外观质量呈显著正相关;烤烟总氮含量与其外观质量呈显著负相关。因此,提高耒阳烟区烤烟质量的重点在于提高土壤有机碳库指数。

稻茬烤烟生长和烟叶品质对促早生快发施肥模式的响应

为解决湖南稻作烟区烤烟大田前期低温阴雨抑制烤烟生长、导致烟叶原料质量差和烤烟品质下降的问题,以云烟87为材料,设计优化基肥(添加微生物菌剂)和提苗肥(配施尿素),即促早生快发施肥模式,通过测定烤烟的农艺性状、干物质积累量和氮积累量、经济性状、物理特性、化学成分并进行烟叶感官评吸,对烟叶产量和质量综合效果进行模糊评价。结果表明:基肥中添加微生物菌剂和专用提苗肥配施尿素,可以提高株高和最大叶叶长、最大叶叶宽、最大叶叶面积,增加烟株干物质积累量和氮积累量,提高烤烟的产量和产值,提高烟叶的平衡含水率和叶片厚度、烟叶总糖含量,降低烟碱含量,提高烟叶感官评吸质量,二者互作最终得到产量和质量综合效果较好的烟叶。与传统基肥和提苗肥的处理相比,经过在基肥中添加微生物菌剂并配施尿素作提苗肥的处理后,烤烟经济性状指数、感官质量指数和综合效果指数可分别提高11.27%、20.01%、12.61%。