Dynamic characteristics of a novel damped outrigger system

This paper presents exact analytical solutions for a novel damped outrigger system, in which viscous dampers are vertically installed between perimeter columns and the core of a high-rise building. An improved analytical model is developed by modeling the effect of the damped outrigger as a general rotational spring acting on a Bernoulli-Euler beam. The equivalent rotational spring stiffness incorporating the combined effects of dampers and axial stiffness of perimeter columns is derived. The dynamic stiffness method(DSM) is applied to formulate the governing equation of the damped outrigger system. The accuracy and effi ciency are verifi ed in comparison with those obtained from compatibility equations and boundary equations. Parametric analysis of three non-dimensional factors is conducted to evaluate the infl uences of various factors, such as the stiffness ratio of the core to the beam, position of the damped outrigger, and the installed damping coeffi cient. Results show that the modal damping ratio is signifi cantly infl uenced by the stiffness ratio of the core to the column, and is more sensitive to damping than the position of the damped outrigger. The proposed analytical model in combination with DSM can be extended to the study of structures with more outriggers.

Safety analysis of optimal outriggers location in high-rise building structures

This paper presents the restraining moments of outriggers acting on the core wall and the equation of the horizontal top deflection based on a simplified outrigger model. The deformation compatibility conditions between outriggers and core wall as well as the finite rigidities of outriggers are also considered. One case study was carried out to analyze the horizontal top deflection and the mutation of the restraining moments caused by the variation of outrigger location. The results showed that the method adopted in the paper is simple and reasonable. Some conclusions are valuable to the safety design of high-rise building structures.

Interference Resistance of Pentamaran Ship Model With Asymmetric Outrigger Configurations

An experimental investigation is performed to assess the relation of interference performance on the total resistance of a pentamaran model advancing in calm water. For this motivation, the total drag of the ship is performed for several values of asymmetric outrigger configuration and hull separation, altering the Froude number in the range 0.3–0.9. Our results indicate that remarkable changes in resistance require notable changes in transverse distance values （hull separation） when wave interference may occur. In addition, there is no single configuration that consistently outperforms the other configurations across the entire speed range and the optimum interference factor -0.2 appears at a Froude number of 0.45 in S/L=0.33 with the outrigger outer position： asymmetric outboard for A3 configuration.

Numerical Prediction of Form Factor and Wave Interference of A Trimaran for Different Outrigger Positions

Trimaran hydrodynamics have been an important research topic in recent years.Trimarans have even been chosen for naval surface combatants.In this case,investigation of a trimaran with different outrigger positions is important and necessary for better hydrodynamic performance.This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of trimaran hydrodynamics.The trimaran model used in this study is a 1/80 scale high-speed displacement frigate-type concept developed by the Center for Innovation in Ship Design(CISD)at Naval Surface Warfare Center,Carderock Division(NSWCCD).The numerical simulations were conducted for different outrigger positions at low and moderate Froude numbers by using commercial CFD software solving URANS equations.A verification and validation study was carried out for the numerical method in one configuration and one ship velocity.The existing experimental results for the trimaran resistance in the literature were used for validation.Five different outrigger positions were analyzed and the form factor of each configuration was calculated by the Prohaska method.The total resistance was decomposed to its components using the form factor.The interference factor was calculated for each configuration in terms of total resistance,residual resistance and wave resistance.Also,wave profiles using the longitudinal wave cuts in different locations were obtained both numerically and experimentally.It was concluded that the outrigger position had different effects on the interference,total resistance and wave profile at different Froude numbers.It was also shown that the CFD results were in good agreement with the experimental data in all configurations.In conclusion,this study presents the results of interference effects for different trimaran configurations in terms of wave resistance in addition to the total resistance and residual resistance.The numerical method was validated not only with the total resistance test data but also the longitudinal wave profiles along the hull.

Optimum Design of Outrigger and Belt Truss Systems Using Genetic Algorithm

There are many structural lateral systems used in tall buildings： rigid frames, braced frames, shear walls, tubular structures and core structures. The outrigger and belt truss systems are efficient structures for drift control and base moment reduction in tall buildings where the core alone is not rigid enough to resist lateral loads. Perimeter columns are mobilized for increasing the effective width of the structure, and they developed tension in the windward columns and compression in the leeward columns. Optimum locations for the outriggers have been studied because of the influence on the top displacement and base moment in the core. It was analyzed the optimal position for two to seven outriggers and belt trusses, aiming to achieve minimum bending moment and minimum drift.

Kriging metamodels for the dynamic response of high-rise buildings with outrigger systems and fragility estimates for seismic and wind loads

This paper proposes kriging metamodels for the dynamic response of high-rise buildings with outrigger systems subject to seismic and wind loads.Three types of outrigger systems are considered.Three-dimensional(3D)finite element models of high-rise buildings with outrigger systems are developed using ANSYS.Data generated from the finite element models are used to develop the proposed kriging metamodels.A sensitivity analysis is then carried out to determine the most sensitive input parameters in kriging metamodels to gain insights and suggest possible future developments.The proposed kriging metamodels are used to develop fragility estimates for high-rise buildings with three types of outrigger systems under seismic and wind loads.

框架承担倾覆力矩的合理计算方法

为理清框架倾覆力矩的相关概念区别,并给出各自合理计算方法,对计算框架、支撑、框架+支撑、局部框架或者局部框架+支撑倾覆力矩的统一解法进行总结,给出相应的力学法。指出框架倾覆力矩和框架承担倾覆力矩之间的显著区别,给出两者的异同以及建筑结构中框架承担倾覆力矩的计算原则,并进一步给出合理计算框架承担倾覆力矩的方法,即修正的统一解法。修正的统一解法适用于一般建筑结构和带竖向构件转换的结构,也适用于带伸臂框架-核心筒结构。最后对典型结构算例的框架承担倾覆力矩进行计算分析,结果合理可行。

成都中海天府新区超高层项目结构设计

成都中海天府新区超高层项目建筑高度488.9m,为西南地区已建和在建的最高建筑物。塔楼采用巨柱框架⁃伸臂桁架⁃核心筒结构体系,具有8个环带桁架层和2个伸臂层,无外围巨型斜撑,次框架柱不连续的特点。介绍塔楼结构设计策略,包括结构整体性能参数、抗震性能目标和关键构件的性能水准的设定。阐述基础、环带桁架、伸臂桁架、巨型钢管混凝土柱、角部大悬挑、塔冠的结构布置及设计;进行了次框架结构的防连续倒塌分析以及加强层楼板、水平支撑、斜柱、斜墙等关键构件的计算分析;给出了与巨柱、伸臂相连的关键节点的构造措施以及结构长期荷载效应下的施工模拟结果和处理措施等。结果表明,结构体系及布置合理安全,各构件能够满足预定的性能目标。

西咸自由贸易企业服务中心超高层建筑结构设计

西咸自由贸易企业服务中心地处高烈度区,与渭河断裂之间的距离约2km,应考虑近场效应。项目采用钢管混凝土框架(钢梁)+钢筋混凝土核心筒混合结构,存在扭转不规则、刚度突变、有加强层和通高层等不规则项。为提高结构刚度,在避难层设置了2道伸臂桁架加强层。采用YJK、MIDAS Building软件进行了小震弹性对比分析,采用YJK进行了小震弹性时程分析。根据设定的抗震性能目标,对主体结构主要部位和关键构件进行了性能化设计;采用SAUSAGE软件进行了罕遇地震作用下的动力弹塑性时程分析;采用ANSYS软件对伸臂桁架关键节点进行有限元分析。结果表明:各项指标均符合设计要求,结构及构件均达到预设性能目标,结构体系合理,安全可靠。本工程部分墙体为钢板混凝土剪力墙,设计中应注重钢板混凝土剪力墙的构造措施,施工中应采取措施控制钢板变形。

大跨桥梁主梁涡振的转角抑振理念及伸臂阻尼实现

大跨桥梁频率低而密集且固有阻尼小,易出现风致振动,呈现出起振风速低、振动模态多和持续时间长的潜在风险。文章提出一种利用主梁转角变形附加旋转阻尼的大跨桥梁多阶模态减振方法,并提出伸臂阻尼系统的实现方式。首先,利用悬索桥的简化张拉梁模型研究伸臂阻尼系统对张拉梁多阶模态的阻尼效果,采用典型悬索桥的主缆索力和主梁抗弯刚度参数,分析表明单个伸臂阻尼系统能提升模态阻尼比达到0.8%;探究了主梁抗弯刚度与主缆索力比值、伸臂刚度和位置等对阻尼效果的影响规律。以舟山西堠门大桥为例,建立了带黏滞型伸臂阻尼系统桥梁的有限元模型。通过复特征值分析,研究了伸臂阻尼系统对多阶模态的阻尼效果、伸臂刚度和安装位置对阻尼的影响等。分析表明,大跨桥梁单侧塔梁设置刚性伸臂阻尼系统能够使大桥出现过涡激振动的7阶模态中的6阶模态阻尼比达到0.98%以上;双侧安装,上述6阶模态阻尼比能达到1.12%以上。实际设计伸臂抗弯刚度达到2倍主梁抗弯刚度时,可认为满足伸臂刚度需求。综上,文章提出的桥梁主梁转角抑振理念和伸臂阻尼系统的多模态阻尼减振控制效果良好。

风荷载下伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统最优伸臂桁架位置研究

基于虚拟激励法和最优控制理论,提出伸臂桁架-主动调谐质量阻尼器(ATMD)组合系统的风振最优控制模型。首先推导伸臂桁架主体结构与ATMD耦合后的控制运动微分方程组并基于虚拟激励法求解该方程组,发展新的伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统数值简化模型。基于新提出的组合系统数值简化模型,应用固定点理论求解ATMD最优控制力,获得伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统的最优控制力模型。将新提出的伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统数值简化模型和最优控制力模型进行有效数值组合,构建该组合系统的整体最优控制模型。将本文提出的基于固定点理论的最优控制模型与基于线性二次规划方法的最优控制模型、被动最优控制模型和无控制模型进行对比分析。最后应用基于固定点理论的最优控制模型对伸臂桁架-ATMD组合系统的最优伸臂桁架位置进行单参数敏感性分析,研究最优伸臂桁架位置对不同结构影响因素的敏感性以及ATMD对不同类型伸臂桁架系统的抗风控制效果。研究结果表明:主体结构伸臂桁架系统类型不同,不同控制方案的作用效果不同,且主动控制方案对加速度响应的控制效果优于对位移响应的控制效果;与纯伸臂桁架系统相比,风荷载作用下主动调谐质量阻尼器对组合系统的最优伸臂桁架位置影响不大,且最优位置对伸臂桁架刚度、核心筒刚度和外柱与核心筒间距离都有非常高的敏感性;风荷载作用下主体结构中的阻尼会限制ATMD对结构响应控制作用的发挥。

JP72举高喷射消防车支腿反力与稳定性分析

举高喷射消防车是重要的消防装备类产品,当其折叠臂完全展开时,等效受力点与回转中心之间的跨距将达到数十米,这将对消防车的稳定性提出更高要求。同时,水炮冲击力及风力等均会对消防车的稳定性产生较大影响,严重时将导致车辆前倾或侧翻。为避免上述危险工况,该文以72 m举高喷射消防车为对象展开稳定性分析,在充分考虑各因素的影响情况下进行C++编程,并依照相关标准计算其等效作用点及作用力,计算出各支腿受力数值,最后依照国家标准以及合力圆分析进行稳定性检验,所研究内容为同类型分析计算工作提供了一定的参考。

基于AMESim的起重机支腿机构液压系统优化与仿真

以提高起重机支腿机构的稳定性为目标,设计一种起重机支腿机构PID控制系统。阐述起重机支腿机构的基本结构与参数,利用FLuidSIM软件完成起重机支腿机构的液压系统设计并进行仿真;在FLuidSIM仿真分析的基础上进行PID控制环节的优化设计;利用AMESim绘制具有PID控制环节的控制系统仿真模型并进行PID控制系统的仿真分析。结果表明:该PID控制系统提高了起重机支腿机构的同步精度与运行稳定性。

基于解析法的汽车起重机可变跨距支腿反力求法及其算法实现

由于施工要求,汽车起重机在受限空间内支腿伸缩无法保持一致,其起重能力无法实时计算,对于起重机进行吊装作业产生了很大的影响。基于此,提出了一种汽车起重机可变跨距的支腿压力算法,并对此方法的计算原理、载荷、计算模型进行了详细介绍,最后通过实验验证,证明该算法理论计算与实测值相差很小,对工程实践具有一定的指导意义。此外以Visual Studio软件为工具,开发了便捷的计算程序,为汽车起重机可变跨距支腿反力的计算提供了简便的方法,并对汽车起重机工作时的工况进行了优化。

某超高层结构伸臂桁架在罕遇地震下的抗震性能分析

为了解伸臂桁架在罕遇地震下的耗能情况,以某8度区框架-核心筒-伸臂桁架超高层结构为研究对象,采用最小二乘加权调幅法选取7条地震波,基于Perform-3D弹塑性分析软件分析罕遇地震工况下各构件的塑性耗能。结果表明:连梁和伸臂桁架的塑性耗能总量相对均衡,平均占总耗能的73%。随着地震输入能量的增大,伸臂桁架的耗能比例呈上升趋势,从7.4%增加至30%,而连梁的耗能比例呈下降趋势,从75%减小至34%。伸臂桁架耗能的增加减小了连梁的损坏,验证了可将伸臂桁架视为超高层结构“结构保险丝”的观点。研究结果可为优化伸臂桁架性能,推动优化后的伸臂桁架在实际工程中的应用提供理论参考。

惯容-负刚度-阻尼伸臂体系减震性能增效研究

为提升传统阻尼伸臂(CDO)体系的减震效果,基于惯容⁃刚度⁃阻尼三元被动减振理论,开展了惯容⁃负刚度⁃阻尼伸臂(INSDO)体系减震性能增效研究。采用Clough⁃Penzien谱模型模拟平稳随机激励,利用增广状态空间建立结构⁃阻尼器⁃激励系统的运动方程;通过求解Lyapunov方程获得随机地震作用下结构响应的均方根值(RMS),基于结构最大有害层间位移角与加速度的多目标控制确定了INSDO体系的最优参数;分析评估了典型实际地震作用下INSDO体系的减震性能。结果表明:在El⁃Centro和Kobe地震波作用下,相比CDO体系,INSDO最优化体系降低了底层位移角RMS均值的57.97%,以及顶层绝对加速度RMS均值的36.99%,验证了多目标优化方法的有效性;相比单独引入惯容或负刚度单元,同时引入两种单元可进一步放大阻尼单元的位移,提升阻尼器耗能与地震输入能量的比值,实现INSDO体系减震性能增效。

基于伸臂-负刚度阻尼原理的应力带桥减振控制研究

随着城市建设水平的提高和旅游业的发展,对大跨人行景观桥建设需求不断增加。应力带桥因具有简洁的结构形式和优美的建筑外观,被逐渐应用于人行景观桥中,但其固有频率低、模态间隔紧密,在风、行人等动荷载作用下易发生振动。因此,为控制应力带桥振动,提出了基于伸臂-负刚度阻尼原理的应力带桥减振控制策略。首先,基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论建立了系统广义运动方程,并提出了基于复模态的系统动力特性计算方法。其次,系统地研究了应力带桥负刚度控制系统关键参数对系统动力行为的影响规律,并确定了关键参数设计准则。最后,基于案例分析对比验证了所提控制策略对应力带桥人致振动控制的有效性。提出的应力带桥减振控制方法与相应参数确定准则可为实际工程中应力带桥的建设提供参考。

国家金融信息大厦主楼结构设计

国家金融信息大厦主楼为两处连体的双主楼超高层结构,具有高度超限、多塔、连体、刚度突变、承载力突变等多项平面及竖向不规则超限项。介绍了结构体系、连体桁架选型与建筑特点的逻辑关系。采用有限元方法对索幕墙支承结构构件承载力和刚度进行分析。结果表明,利用3层连体桁架及中部连接体去承担索幕墙荷载的方案是可行的。利用顶层室内设备管道空间设置空间三角桁架解决屋面连接体的承载问题;将屋顶空间三角桁架与伸臂桁架相结合,在屋顶设置加强层,解决整体结构抗侧刚度不足的问题。通过对整体模型、高区分塔模型和完全分塔模型的计算结果对比,研究了连接体失效对结构抗震性能的影响,为结构承载力包络设计提供了依据。

三体船耐波性的模型试验研究

通过三体船模型的耐波性试验,包括横摇试验、规则波中的迎浪试验,研究了三体船的耐波性能以及侧体纵向位置对三体船耐波性的影响。试验结果表明,航速对三体船耐波性能的影响与对单体船的影响类似,而侧体纵向位置对于三体船耐波性能的影响是比较大的。

带加强层框架-核心筒结构中单伸臂桁架刚度比的合理取值

推导带加强层框架-核心筒结构顶层位移的简化计算公式,提取影响结构顶层位移的刚度比特征参数:伸臂弯曲刚度比i、伸臂剪切刚度比g、外框架柱弯曲刚度比p。采用ETABS软件建立一253.2 m超高层结构模型,研究水平均布荷载和地震作用下结构的侧移、内力与i、g、p的相互关系。研究结果表明,采用刚度比特征参数i、g、p对结构侧向刚度进行优化是合理可行的,p对结构侧向刚度影响最大,其次是g,最小是i,其中i的取值不宜超过0.6,g的取值宜控制在0.9～3.5区段之间,p的取值宜控制在1.3～4.6区段之间。