基于外部气相沉积的S+C+L波段低色散斜率大有效面积非零色散位移光纤的设计与制备

针对现有光纤无法满足宽带光密集波分复用系统传输和S+C+L波段粗波分复用的要求,设计了一种具有中心凹陷的三角形芯+环形的折射率剖面,利用外部气相沉积工艺制备了一种非零色散位移光纤,并通过调整第一芯层的相对折射率和第二芯层与第一芯层的半径比,探究了其对光纤衰减、色散斜率和有效面积等参数的影响。研究发现,当第一芯层的相对折射率逐渐增大且第二芯层与第一芯层半径比逐渐减小时,零色散波长和有效面积逐渐减小。当第一芯层的相对折射率在0.52%~0.53%,芯层半径比在2.6~2.7时,光纤的有效面积接近70μm^(2),零色散波长在1420 nm附近,在1550 nm波段的色散系数大于8 ps·nm^(-1)·km^(-1),色散斜率为0.059 ps·nm^(-2)·km^(-1),可以较好地抑制传输过程中光非线性效应,满足长途干线网与城域网的使用要求。

Digital Disparities:How Artificial Intelligence Can Facilitate Anti-Black Racism in the U.S.Healthcare Sector

This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.

Theoretical Investigation of Exchange Bias in Compensated Cases

The exchange bias （EB） of the ferromagnetic （FM）/antiferromagnetic （AFM） bilayers in a compensated case is studied by use of the many-body Green＇s function method of quantum statistical theory. The so-called compensated case is that there is no net magnetization on the AFM side of the interface. Our conclusion is that the EB in this case is primarily from the asymmetry of the interracial exchange coupling strengths between the FM and the two sublattices of the AFM. The effects of the layer thickness, temperature and the interracial coupling strength oi2 the exchange bias HE are investigated. The dependence of HE on the FM layer thickness and temperature is qualitatively in agreement with experimental results. HE is nearly inversely proportional to FM thickness. When temperature varies, both HE and He decrease with temperature increasing. The anisotropy of the FM layer only slightly influence He, but does not influence HE.

Comparison of Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Biases Estimated Using Radio Occultation and Hurricane Florence(2018) Captured by NOAA-20 and S-NPP

The second Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder(ATMS)was onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)-20 satellite when launched on 18 November 2017.Using nearly six months of the earliest NOAA-20 observations,the biases of the ATMS instrument were compared between NOAA-20 and the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership(S-NPP)satellite.The biases of ATMS channels 8 to 13 were estimated from the differences between antenna temperature observations and model simulations generated from Meteorological Operational(MetOp)-A and MetOp-B satellites’Global Positioning System(GPS)radio occultation(RO)temperature and water vapor profiles.It was found that the ATMS onboard the NOAA-20 satellite has generally larger cold biases in the brightness temperature measurements at channels 8 to 13 and small standard deviations.The observations from ATMS on both S-NPP and NOAA-20 are shown to demonstrate an ability to capture a less than 1-h temporal evolution of Hurricane Florence(2018)due to the fact that the S-NPP orbits closely follow those of NOAA-20.

Biased Random Number Generator Based on Bell's Theorem

We propose a biased random number generation protocol whose randomness is based on the violation of the Clauser Home inequality. Non-maximally entangled state is used to maximize the Bell violation. Due to the rotational asymmetry of the quantum state, the ratio of Os to ls varies with the measurement bases. The experimental partners can then use their measurement outcomes to generate the biased random bit string. The bias of their bit string can be adjusted by altering their choices of measurement bases. When this protocol is implemented in a device-independent way, we show that the bias of the bit string can still be ensured under the collective attack.

Inverse Length Biased Maxwell Distribution:Statistical Inference with an Application

In this paper,we suggested and studied the inverse length biased Maxell distribution(ILBMD)as a new continuous distribution of one parameter.The ILBMD is obtained by considering the inverse transformation technique of the Maxwell length biased distribution.Statistical characteristics of the ILBMD such as the moments,moment generating function,mode,quantile function,the coefficient of variation,coefficient of skewness,Moors and Bowley measures of kurtosis and skewness,stochastic ordering,stress-strength reliability,and mean deviations are obtained.In addition,the Bonferroni and Lorenz curves,Gini index,the reliability function,the hazard rate function,the reverse hazard rate function,the odds function,and the distributions of order statistics for the ILBMD,are presented.The ILBMD parameter is estimated using the maximum likelihood method,the method of moments,the maximum product of spacing technique,the ordinary and weight least square procedures,and the Cramer-Von-Mises methods.The Fishers information,as well as the Rényi and q-entropies,are derived.To investigate the usefulness of the proposed lifetime distribution and to illustrate the purpose of the study,a real dataset of the relief times of 20 patients receiving an analgesic is used.

混合Poisson分布随机递增的条件

本文讨论服从混合Poisson分布的随机变量,证明了当混合参数依期望序,通常意义的随机序,增凸(凹)序,增的对数凸(凹)序,s-凸序或者下端有偏序增加时,变量本身也依相应的随机序增加。

Measuring Recreational Value of World Heritage Sites Based on Contingent Valuation Method:A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou

World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method.

一种基于UMHexagon S的改进算法

本文讨论了UMHexagon S算法的优缺点,提出了一种快速自适应的六边形菱形搜索算法,该算法结合了运动矢量的中心偏置特性、视频的空间相关性和时间相关性.该算法改进了UMHexagon S算法的六边形模板,利用相邻块和前一帧的对应块的运动矢量来判断运动状态.仿真实验结果表明,与UMHexagon S算法相比,在信噪比和码率基本不变的前提下,本算法降低了29.328%的编码时间.

Understanding the individual with Alzheimer’s disease: Can socioemotional selectivity theory guide us?

Individuals often get lost behind the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) while widespread differences between these patients are morecommon than similarities. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) suggests that as we age our goals change from future-oriented (acquiringnew information) to present-oriented (enhancing the emotional, especially positive, meaning of encounters). The goal of the current article is to examine whether the principles of SST might also apply for people with AD. Some aspects of SST are found especially in the early stages of AD when awareness is often intact and cognitive impairment is relatively limited. This review has clinical significance for the treatment of AD because it focuses on what is important to the individual rather than treating patients as a homogenous group. It also highlights the importance of social networks and emphasizes the role of the proxy in AD care. Lastly, it suggests that if those with AD (like the healthy elderly) have a positivity bias then positive emotional stimuli/wording/instructions could usefully be employed in their daily treatment. I suggest that SST may be a useful starting point when attempting to address what matters to individuals with AD and conclude by providing a few suggestions for future studies.

Insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors impacts drug design for central nervous system neurodegenerative processes

In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selec- tivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and or- thosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson＇s disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer＇s disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopa- mine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson＇s disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer＇s disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric mus- carinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.

Interpolation of Generalized Functions Using Artificial Neural Networks

In this paper we employ artificial neural networks for predictive approximation of generalized functions having crucial applications in different areas of science including mechanical and chemical engineering, signal processing, information transfer, telecommunications, finance, etc. Results of numerical analysis are discussed. It is shown that the known Gibb’s phenomenon does not occur.

不动产买受人物权期待权作为执行异议事由的检视——以《异议复议规定》第28、29、30条为中心的研究

《最高人民法院关于人民法院办理执行异议和复议案件若干问题的规定》第28、29、30条赋予了不动产买受人物权期待权,并肯定其可以作为排除强制执行的异议事由。何种民事权益可以作为异议事由应依其权利性质、效力以及执行目的或方法综合定之。司法解释未能进一步阐明物权期待权的实体属性,易引发实务裁判的分歧。对物权期待权能否作为异议事由的检视,需要从物权期待权的性质与效力切入考察,还需参考特定时期内存在的“善意未登记”以及“消费者生存权”因素,并肯定其属于强制执行公法实现社会安定价值之范畴。

中国工业行业技能偏向型技术变化的实证检验

近年来,我国工业行业技能劳动力的需求快速增加,技能供需矛盾日益突出。虽然有文献认为技能偏向型技术变化是其中的重要原因,但是对技能偏向型技术变化存在性的规范检验几乎一片空白。本文基于经典文献提供的实证方法,以工业全行业和大中型行业为实证对象,规范检验20世纪90年代以来我国工业技术进步的技能偏向性。首先,对技能劳动力就业份额变化进行分解的结果表明,我国工业就业结构技能升级的主导因素是细分行业内而不是细分行业之间技能劳动力就业份额的变化。其次,基于我国工业经济的特性,计量检验了技术进步、对外开放和资本-技能互补性等因素对工业就业结构技能升级的影响,揭示了技术进步与技能劳动力就业份额之间显著的正相关关系。这两方面的结果验证了20世纪90年代以来我国工业行业的技能偏向型技术变化,并为技能劳动力短缺提供了基于需求角度的解释。

反应器内聚合物粘壁行为分析——HDPE浆液外循环冷却撤热技术改造

通过对辽化ＨＤＰＥ淤浆聚合装置外循环撤热技术改造前后生产ＬＯ５５５Ｐ牌号产品时聚合过程的工程分析，提出了低聚物蜡含量的明显上升是引起聚合物粘壁加剧的最直接原因，并通过分析得出了可能导致蜡含量上升的主要因素，提出处理对策为：（１）外循环浆液应从底部引出顶部引入，与釜内流型匹配；（２）增大外循环流量，使管内流速达到４ｍ／ｓ以上；（３）对外循环管内壁进行抛光处理；（４）适当增大外循环冷却水流量，减小传热温差。

技术能力支撑下的企业科技发展战略选择

本文从研究企业科技发展战略的影响因素入手,提出了企业科技发展战略的选择,必须以对外部科技环境和企业技术能力的分析作为基础,外部科技环境是外因,企业技术能力是根本,企业技术能力是企业科技发展战略选择的决定性因素.通过分析论证了企业科技发展战略的选择必须与外部科技环境和企业技术能力相匹配.还提出了与外部科技环境和企业技术能力相协调的企业科技发展战略选择的模式.并以杭州某行业骨干企业为案例对该模式作了实证研究.

巩固与拓展:深化中国近代思想史研究路径之选择

1980年代以来,在解放思想、实事求是的思想路线指导下,中国近代史研究取得了丰硕成果,呈现着良好的发展势头。为了总结三十多年来中国近代史研究的经验,探寻中国近代史研究进一步发展之路,2014年8月下旬,中国社会科学院近代史研究所史学理论研究室、河南大学历史文化学院与《史学月刊》编辑部在河南开封联合举办"中国近代史研究热点问题与理论前沿"学术研讨会。来自全国各地的七十多名专家学者,围绕中国近代史研究范式、革命与改良、革命与现代化、新文化史、新革命史、社会文化史、抗战史、台湾史等领域的问题展开了热烈讨论。这里选载了五位学者有代表性的意见,分别从中国近代社会经济史、社会史、思想史、文化史和现代化史等角度,在回顾三十多年来各相关领域研究成绩的基础上,对中国近代史研究的若干问题进行反省,并对如何进一步推进中国近代史研究提出了建设性意见。

浅析营造基于CPTED理念的健康建筑外环境

安全需求是人类最基本的需求之一,安全性是实现积极健康人居环境的基本前提和重要支撑.建筑外环境是犯罪发生的载体和条件,通过环境的有效设计可以减少犯罪行为的发生.对于建筑学和城乡规划学来说,借助于物质空间环境的改善,加大潜在犯罪受害者的安全保障是人居环境设计的重要内容,即实现"通过环境设计预防犯罪",英文简称"CPTED".发达国家对"CPTED"的研究有了一定的基础,已应用到人居环境环境设计和公共安全管理实践,我国在该领域的研究则刚刚起步.本文以CPTED理论为基础,从建筑外环境如手,以犯罪条件为研究对象,探讨如何构建健康的人居环境.

“十三五”时期上海市深化国际科技合作思路研究

国际科技合作是提升科技创新能力的有效途径。中央要求上海加快向具有全球影响力的科技创新中心进军,国际科技合作是上海形成和凸显全球影响力的重要途径,"十三五"时期,上海应紧密围绕全面建成小康社会和全球科技创新中心建设的战略目标,以更加积极的姿态参与国际科技合作,变被动为主动、从参与创新到主导创新,着力提升国际科技合作的质量和水平,增强创新资源的全球配置能力,实现全球范围内的创新资源整合与协同创新,在全国国际科技合作格局中发挥率先、示范、探索作用。

从传统文化史到社会文化史:中国近代文化史研究的新趋向

1980年代以来,在解放思想、实事求是的思想路线指导下,中国近代史研究取得了丰硕成果,呈现着良好的发展势头。为了总结三十多年来中国近代史研究的经验,探寻中国近代史研究进一步发展之路,2014年8月下旬,中国社会科学院近代史研究所史学理论研究室、河南大学历史文化学院与《史学月刊》编辑部在河南开封联合举办"中国近代史研究热点问题与理论前沿"学术研讨会。来自全国各地的七十多名专家学者,围绕中国近代史研究范式、革命与改良、革命与现代化、新文化史、新革命史、社会文化史、抗战史、台湾史等领域的问题展开了热烈讨论。这里选载了五位学者有代表性的意见,分别从中国近代社会经济史、社会史、思想史、文化史和现代化史等角度,在回顾三十多年来各相关领域研究成绩的基础上,对中国近代史研究的若干问题进行反省,并对如何进一步推进中国近代史研究提出了建设性意见。