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The Role of Digitalization in Enhancing Outward Foreign Direct Investment:New Advantages for Chinese Enterprises
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作者 Aobo Meng Liyou Fu 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第5期213-217,共5页
With the rapid development of big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence,and other technologies,digital construction has gradually become a crucial means of enterprise development,significantly impacting the ope... With the rapid development of big data,cloud computing,artificial intelligence,and other technologies,digital construction has gradually become a crucial means of enterprise development,significantly impacting the operation and management activities of enterprises.Outward Foreign Direct Investment(OFDI)is one of the key pathways for Chinese enterprises to“go global,”contributing to improved economic efficiency and promoting national economic development.Therefore,studying the advantages of digitalization in OFDI activities will aid in exploring effective methods for Chinese enterprises to engage in OFDI within the digital economy and provide an important foundation for strategic enterprise planning and national policy formulation.This paper combines the current state of OFDI among Chinese enterprises,analyzes the advantages and roles of digital construction in OFDI,and explores relevant countermeasures,aiming to provide theoretical references for enterprises’OFDI activities in the context of digitalization. 展开更多
关键词 DIGITALIZATION Outward investment Advantages
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Internationalization of Higher Education:A Critical Literature Review of the UK Outward Student Mobility
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作者 GUO Yuxin 《Psychology Research》 2023年第10期484-493,共10页
The outward student mobility has been recognized as an instrument for the internationalization of higher education(IHE)world-widely and in the UK.This paper intends to critically review the existing literature in orde... The outward student mobility has been recognized as an instrument for the internationalization of higher education(IHE)world-widely and in the UK.This paper intends to critically review the existing literature in order to identify the current trend and issues of the UK outward student mobility under the IHE.It points out that the focus of current international educational activities is attracting foreign/inward students out of the economic impetus in the UK.Consequently,the outward student mobility is given the less recognition than the inward one in the UK policy-making and researches,which could lead the imbalanced gains for UK-domiciled students.Thus,it suggests that both the UK government education sectors and institutions should more develop the outward student mobility;moreover,future researches could investigate more about outward students’personal development. 展开更多
关键词 internationalization of higher education(IHE) UK outward student mobility policy-making agenda
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Outward Bound模式的演变轨迹与当代启示 被引量:1
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作者 王海波 《和田师范专科学校学报》 2013年第4期115-118,共4页
为了探寻适应我国国情的拓展训练模式,审视了20世纪40年代以来国外拓展训练四种模式的演化轨迹,在呈现出不同模式特点的基础上,分析不同模式的"共性"与"不足",借鉴其成功方法,归纳其启示思路,将有利于推进我国"... 为了探寻适应我国国情的拓展训练模式,审视了20世纪40年代以来国外拓展训练四种模式的演化轨迹,在呈现出不同模式特点的基础上,分析不同模式的"共性"与"不足",借鉴其成功方法,归纳其启示思路,将有利于推进我国"本土化"拓展训练模式的构建进程,进而促进我国拓展训练的全面发展。 展开更多
关键词 Outward BOUND 模式 演变 启示
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5-Azacytidine induces changes in electrophysiological properties of human mesenchymal stem cells 被引量:20
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作者 Bartosz Balanal Cecilia Nicoletti +4 位作者 Ihor Zahanich Eva M Graf Torsten Christ Sabine Boxberger Ursula Ravens 《Cell Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第12期949-960,共12页
Previously, mouse bone marrow-derived stem cells (MSC) treated with the unspecific DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine were reported to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The aim of the present study was t... Previously, mouse bone marrow-derived stem cells (MSC) treated with the unspecific DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine were reported to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of a similar differentiation strategy in human mononuclear cells obtained from healthy bone marrow donors. After 1-3 passages, cultures were exposed for 24 h to 5-azacytidine (3 μM) followed by 6 weeks of further culture. Drug treatment did not induce expression of myogenic marker MyoD or cardiac markers Nkx2.5 and GATA-4 and did not yield beating cells during follow-up. In patch clamp experiments, approximately 10-15% of treated and untreated cells exhibited L-type Ca^2+ currents. Almost all cells showed outwardly rectifying K^+ currents of rapid or slow activation kinetics. Mean current amplitude at +60 mV doubled after 6 weeks of treatment compared with time-matched controls. Membrane capacitance of treated cells was significantly larger than in controls 2 weeks after treatment and remained high after 6 weeks, Expression levels of mRNAs for the K^+ channels Kv 1,1, Kv 1,5, Kv2,1, Kv4,3 and KCNMA 1 and for the Ca^2+ channel Cav 1.2 were not affected by 5-azacytidine. Treatment with potassium channel blockers tetraethylammonium and clofilium at concentrations shown previously to inhibit rapid or slowly activating K^+ currents of hMSC inhibited proliferation of these cells. Our results suggest that despite the absence of differentiation ofhMSC into cardiomyocytes, treatme.nt with 5-azacytidine caused profound changes in current density. 展开更多
关键词 human mesenchymal stem cells 5-AZACYTIDINE cardiac differentiation outward K^+ currents
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Foreign Direct Investment with Chinese Characteristics:A Middle Path Between Ownership-Location-Internalization Model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning Model 被引量:8
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作者 SI Yuefang Ingo LIEFNER WANG Tao 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2013年第5期594-606,共13页
The majority of multinational enterprises (MNEs) traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) from China. It i... The majority of multinational enterprises (MNEs) traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) from China. It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories. In this paper, we review the pros and cons of two important theories, known as the Owner- ship-Location-Internalization (0LI) model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning (LLL) model, and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models. We believe that neither of them suits totally: the OLI model is quite use- fill for understanding FDI from China to developing economies, while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to de- veloped economies. We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm. This combination can bring to- gether the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies. It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally. We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer. 展开更多
关键词 outward foreign direct investment (FDI) 0wnership-Location-Internalization model Linkage-Leverage-Learning model China
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ON THE SUBURBANIZATION OF BEIJING 被引量:2
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作者 周一星 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 1997年第3期208-219,共12页
Suburbanization is a stage of urbanization provess. The author discesses the situation of Beijing from the data of three population censuses(1964, 1982, 1990) and considers that the suburbanization in Beijing has been... Suburbanization is a stage of urbanization provess. The author discesses the situation of Beijing from the data of three population censuses(1964, 1982, 1990) and considers that the suburbanization in Beijing has been in process since 1982. During 1982-1990, population of all districts of the inner city lost 82 000 persons and in fact the permanent residents holding the household registration lost 144 000, which is about 6. 12% of permanent residents in the inner city.Like the West, suburbanization in China the happened against the macro backgrounds of improvements of transportation and loving conditions, growth of urban population moving from rural areas. But in the case of the forces that make decentralization possible, China is different from the western countries. In China, the levels of economy and urbanization are rather low, the red middle class is not rich; only very few Chinese families families provate cars, and the inner cities still have great attraction to Chinese people. The author considers three causes of decentralization: (1) reform of urban land use system brings about migration from the core area; (2) construction of a large number of city roads reinforces this process; (3) reforms of housing system and renovation of dilapidated houses encourage outward movement. However, the process wasn’t of spontaneity of any individual but of the leadership of government and “Dan Wei” (Work Unit). 展开更多
关键词 SUBURBANIZATION INNER CITY RENOVATION of OLD CITY outward MOVEMENT of population
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Crustal Structure of the Chuan-Dian Block Revealed by Deep Seismic Sounding and its Implications for the Outward Expansion of the East Tibetan Plateau 被引量:3
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作者 XIONG Xiaosong WANG Guan +4 位作者 LI Qiusheng LU Zhanwu GAO Rui FENG Shaoying WU Guowei 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第6期1932-1944,共13页
The Chuan-Dian Block(CDB)is located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,with a complex geological structure and active regional faults.The present tectonic condition with strong crustal deformation is cl... The Chuan-Dian Block(CDB)is located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,with a complex geological structure and active regional faults.The present tectonic condition with strong crustal deformation is closely related to the ongoing collision of the India and Eurasia plates since 65 Ma.The study of the crustal structure of this area is key to revealing the evolution and deep geodynamics of the lateral collision zone of the Tibetan Plateau.Deep seismic sounding is the most efficient method with which to unravel the velocity structure of the whole crust.Since the 1980s,19 deep seismic sounding profiles have been captured within the CDB area.In this study,we systematically integrate the research results of the 19 profiles in this area,then image the 3D crustal velocity,by sampling with a 5 km spacing and 2D/3D Kriging interpolation.The results show the following.(1)The Moho depth in the study area deepens from 30 km in the south to 66 km in the north,whereas there is no apparent variation from west to east.The Pn wave velocity is higher in stable tectonic units,such as 7.95 km/s in the Lanping-Simao block and 7.94 km/s in the western margin of the Yangtze block,than in active or mobile tectonic units,such as 7.81 km/s in the Baoshan block,7.72 km/s in the Tengchong block and 7.82 km/s in the Zhongdian block.(2)The crustal nature of the Tengchong block,the northern Lanping-Simao block and the Zhongdian block reflects a type of orogenic belt,having relatively strong tectonic activities,whereas the crustal nature of the central Lanping-Simao block and the western margin of the Yangtze block represents a type of platform.The different features of the upper-middle crust velocity,Moho depth and Pn wave velocity to both sides of the Red River fault zone and the Xianshuihe fault zone,reflect that they are clearly ultra-crustal.(3)Based on the distribution of the low velocity zones in the crust,the crustal material of the Tibetan Plateau is flowing in a NW–SE direction to the north of 26°N and to the west of 101°E,then diverting to flowing eastwards to the east of 101°E. 展开更多
关键词 deep seismic sounding crustal structure outward expansion Chuan-Dian Block southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
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Two outward potassium current types are expressed during the neural differentiation of neural stem cells 被引量:3
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作者 Ruiying Bai Guowei Gao +1 位作者 Ying Xing Hong Xue 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第28期2656-2665,共10页
The electrophysiological properties of potassium ion channels are regarded as a basic index for determining the functional differentiation of neural stem cells. In this study, neural stem cells from the hippocampus of... The electrophysiological properties of potassium ion channels are regarded as a basic index for determining the functional differentiation of neural stem cells. In this study, neural stem cells from the hippocampus of newborn rats were induced to differentiate with neurotrophic growth factor, and the electrophysiological properties of the voltage-gated potassium ion channels were observed. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the rapidly proliferating neural stem cells formed spheres in vitro that expressed high levels of nestin. The differentiated neurons were shown to express neuron-specific enolase. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the neural stem cells were actively dividing and the percentage of cells in the S + G2/M phase was high. However, the ratio of cells in the S + G2/M phase decreased obviously as differentiation proceeded. Whole-cell patch-clamp re- cordings revealed apparent changes in potassium ion currents as the neurons differentiated. The potassium ion currents consisted of one transient outward potassium ion current and one delayed rectifier potassium ion current, which were blocked by 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium, respectively. The experimental findings indicate that neural stem cells from newborn rat hippo- campus could be cultured and induced to differentiate into functional neurons under defined condi- tions in vitro. The differentiated neurons expressed two types of outward potassium ion cur'ents similar to those of mature neurons in vivo. 展开更多
关键词 neural regeneration neural stem cells hippocampus proliferation differentiation neurons PATCH-CLAMP electrophysiological properties transient outward potassium ion current delayed rec-tifier potassium ion current inactivation NESTIN neuron-specific enolase grants-supported paper NEUROREGENERATION
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Non-storm erosion of MeV electron outer radiation belt down to L^(*)<4.0 associated with successive enhancements of solar wind density 被引量:3
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作者 Ying Xiong Lun Xie +2 位作者 SuiYan Fu BinBin Ni ZuYin Pu 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 CSCD 2021年第6期581-591,共11页
We report an unusual non-storm erosion event of outer zone MeV electron distribution during three successive solar wind number density enhancements(SWDEs)on November 27-30,2015.Loss of MeV electrons and energy-depende... We report an unusual non-storm erosion event of outer zone MeV electron distribution during three successive solar wind number density enhancements(SWDEs)on November 27-30,2015.Loss of MeV electrons and energy-dependent narrowing of electron pitch angle distributions(PAD)first developed at L^(*)=5.5 and then moved down to L^(*)<4.According to the evolution of the electron phase space density(PSD)profile,losses of electrons with small pitch angles at L^(*)>4 during SWDE1 are mainly due to outward radial diffusion.However during SWDE2&3,scattering loss due to EMIC waves is dominant at 4<L^(*)<5.As for electrons with large pitch angles,outward radial diffusion is the primary loss mechanism throughout all SWDEs which is consistent with the incursion of the Last Closed Drift Shell(LCDS).The inner edge of EMIC wave activity moved from L^(*)~5 to L^(*)~4 and from L~6.4 to L~4.2 from SWDE1 to SWDE2&3,respectively,observed by Van Allen Probes and by ground stations.This is consistent with the inward penetration of anisotropic energetic protons from L^(*)=4.5 to L^(*)=3.5,suggesting that the inward extension of EMIC waves may be driven by the inward injection of anisotropic energetic protons from the dense plasma sheet. 展开更多
关键词 solar wind density enhancement outer radiation belt MeV electrons outward radial diffusion EMIC wave scattering loss
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Effects of investment on energy intensity:evidence from China 被引量:2
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作者 Junbing Huang Shiwei Yu 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2016年第3期197-207,共11页
This article explores the effects of investment upon energy intensity by applying a unique panel data of China's 27 provinces between 2004 and 2013.In addition,it also particularly stuthes other factors,such as en... This article explores the effects of investment upon energy intensity by applying a unique panel data of China's 27 provinces between 2004 and 2013.In addition,it also particularly stuthes other factors,such as energy price,economic structure,and urbanization.The results,based on four econometric regression model results,suggest that in general,the indigenous investment on research and development is a more powerful tool to decrease China's energy intensity regardless of region disparity.The foreign direct investment(FDI) has a prominent but not persistent effect on energy intensity.However,the outward direct investment has not shown its significant impact on energy intensity.At the level of an aggregate economy and China's eastern region,the results demonstrate that FDI improves energy efficiency significantly.For the central and western provinces,FDI does not support the similar conclusion.Based on these analyses,we present the corresponding regional policies for policymakers. 展开更多
关键词 Energy intensity research and development(R&D) foreign direct investment outward direct investment
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An Overview and Perspectives On Bidirectional Intelligence: Lmser Duality, Double IA Harmony,and Causal Computation 被引量:3
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作者 Lei Xu 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2019年第4期865-893,共29页
Advances on bidirectional intelligence are overviewed along three threads,with extensions and new perspectives.The first thread is about bidirectional learning architecture,exploring five dualities that enable Lmser s... Advances on bidirectional intelligence are overviewed along three threads,with extensions and new perspectives.The first thread is about bidirectional learning architecture,exploring five dualities that enable Lmser six cognitive functions and provide new perspectives on which a lot of extensions and particularlly flexible Lmser are proposed.Interestingly,either or two of these dualities actually takes an important role in recent models such as U-net,ResNet,and Dense Net.The second thread is about bidirectional learning principles unified by best yIng-yAng(IA)harmony in BYY system.After getting insights on deep bidirectional learning from a bird-viewing on existing typical learning principles from one or both of the inward and outward directions,maximum likelihood,variational principle,and several other learning principles are summarised as exemplars of the BYY learning,with new perspectives on advanced topics.The third thread further proceeds to deep bidirectional intelligence,driven by long term dynamics(LTD)for parameter learning and short term dynamics(STD)for image thinking and rational thinking in harmony.Image thinking deals with information flow of continuously valued arrays and especially image sequence,as if thinking was displayed in the real world,exemplified by the flow from inward encoding/cognition to outward reconstruction/transformation performed in Lmser learning and BYY learning.In contrast,rational thinking handles symbolic strings or discretely valued vectors,performing uncertainty reasoning and problem solving.In particular,a general thesis is proposed for bidirectional intelligence,featured by BYY intelligence potential theory(BYY-IPT)and nine essential dualities in architecture,fundamentals,and implementation,respectively.Then,problems of combinatorial solving and uncertainty reasoning are investigated from this BYY IPT perspective.First,variants and extensions are suggested for AlphaGoZero like searching tasks,such as traveling salesman problem(TSP)and attributed graph matching(AGM)that are turned into Go like problems with help of a feature enrichment technique.Second,reasoning activities are summarized under guidance of BYY IPT from the aspects of constraint satisfaction,uncertainty propagation,and path or tree searching.Particularly,causal potential theory is proposed for discovering causal direction,with two roads developed for its implementation. 展开更多
关键词 Autoencoder LMSER DUALITY outward attention associative recall concept formation imagining pattern transformation STD vs LTD RPCL skip connection feedback variational least redundancy Bayesian Ying Yang IA system best HARMONY best matching image THINKING rational THINKING INTELLIGENCE potential theory Alpha-TSP Alpha-AGM graph matching ME Player BYY Follower constraint satisfaction CAUSAL potential theory
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Effects of Volsartan on Transmural Heterogeneous Changes of Transient Outward Potassium Currents in Hypertrophic Cardiomyocytes in Rabbits 被引量:1
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作者 肖建民 付晖 +2 位作者 马业新 李泱 陆再英 《Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)》 SCIE CAS 2004年第5期437-440,共4页
The transmural heterogeneous changes of transient outward potassium currents (Ito) in rabbit hypertrophic cardiaomyocytes and the effects of long-term prophylactic treatment with volsartan were investigated. Rabbits w... The transmural heterogeneous changes of transient outward potassium currents (Ito) in rabbit hypertrophic cardiaomyocytes and the effects of long-term prophylactic treatment with volsartan were investigated. Rabbits were divided into hypertrophy group (left ventricular hypertrophy induced by partial ligation of abdominal aorta), vol-treated group (volsartan was administrated after the ligation), and control group (sham operated). Myocytes were isolated by a two-step enzymatical method. The sub-endocardial (Endo) and sub-epicardium (Epi) tissues were separated from midmyocardium (Mid) with a razor. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record potassium currents. The results showed that membrane capacitance was larger in hypertrophic cells than those in control and vol-treated cells (P<0.01 vs control cells, n=30). The densities of Ito in hypertrophic cells were reduced by sub-epicardium (Epi) (27.8±2.9) %, midmyocardium (Mid) (41.0±4.7) %, and sub-endocardium (Endo) (20.3±3.4) % compared with those in control cells. The decrease of Ito density was more pronounced in Mid than in Epi and Endo (P<0.01 vs Epi or Endo). There were no significant differences in Ito densities between vol-treated group and control group in three layers separately. In conclusion, volsartan can inhibit the transmural heterogeneous changes of Ito in left ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in rabbit. 展开更多
关键词 cardiac hypertrophy transient outward potassium current volsartan RABBIT
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The development of Fujian’s outward-oriented economy and its regional differentiation 被引量:1
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作者 CHEN Xiurong Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 CHINA 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 1998年第3期110-115,共6页
Outward oriented economy in Fujian Province has been developed rapidly since the implementation of open door policy. Regional differentiation is obvious between ethnic Chinese hometown and non ethnic Chinese one; s... Outward oriented economy in Fujian Province has been developed rapidly since the implementation of open door policy. Regional differentiation is obvious between ethnic Chinese hometown and non ethnic Chinese one; southeast Fujian and other part of the province; and different counties within southeast Fujian. Enterprises with foreign capital make great contribution to the economic development of Fujian. 展开更多
关键词 Fujian outward oriented economy regional differentiation foreign capital
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A study on the factor market distortion and the carbon emission scale effect of two-way FDI 被引量:1
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作者 Mengqi Gong Haiyun Liu +1 位作者 Rao Muhammad Atif Xu Jiang 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2019年第2期145-153,共9页
Based on the data of 30 Chinese provinces for the period from 2004 to 2015,this paper expounds the carbon emissions effect of two-way foreign direct investment (FDI) from the perspective of scale effect and factor mar... Based on the data of 30 Chinese provinces for the period from 2004 to 2015,this paper expounds the carbon emissions effect of two-way foreign direct investment (FDI) from the perspective of scale effect and factor market distortions.This study uses Kaya identity to decompose carbon emission and construct simultaneous equations model to empirically examine the factor market distortion and the carbon emission scale effect of two-way FDI.The results show that the inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) increase regional carbon emission through scale effect and also exacerbates factor market distortion in China,whereas the outward FDI trends reduce carbon emission and reduces factor market distortions in China.The study also shows that human capital,research and development (R&D),trade openness,and capital accumulation are important determinants of two-way FDI.Therefore,the study proposes that IFDI policies should focus on acquiring green technologies.In addition,the domestic enterprises should be encouraged to participate in global business. 展开更多
关键词 Factor MARKET DISTORTIONS INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (IFDI) outward FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (OFDI) scale effect carbon emissions
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Characteristics of Transient Outward Potassium Channel Exposed to 3 mT Static Magnetic Field 被引量:1
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作者 李刚 程立君 +3 位作者 乔晓艳 林凌 张璐 李媛媛 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2009年第5期319-323,共5页
Acutely isolated mouse hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons were exposed to 3 mT static magnetic field,and the characteristics of transient outward K+ channel were studied using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.The e... Acutely isolated mouse hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons were exposed to 3 mT static magnetic field,and the characteristics of transient outward K+ channel were studied using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.The experiment revealed that the amplitude of transient outward potassium channel current was reduced.The maximum activated current densities of control group and exposure group were 163.62±20.68 pA/pF and 98.74±16.57 pA/pF(n=12,P<0.01) respectively.The static magnetic field exposure affected the activation and inactivation process of transient outward potassium channel current.Due to the magnetic field exposure,the half-activation voltage of the activation curves changed from 5.59±1.96 mV to 27.87±7.24 mV(n=12,P<0.05) ,and the slope factor changed from 19.43±2.11 mV to 25.87±4.22 mV(n=12,P<0.05) .The half-inactivation voltage of the inactivation curves also changed from-56.09±0.89 mV to-57.16±1.10 mV(n=12,P>0.05) and the slope factor of the inactivation curves from 8.69±0.80 mV to 10.87±1.02 mV(n=12,P<0.05) .The results show that the static magnetic field can change the characteristics of transient outward K+ channel,and affect the physiological functions of neurons. 展开更多
关键词 transient outward potassium channel current patch-clamp technique static magnetic field biological effect NEURONS
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Effect of acupuncture combined with Xijing Tongmai decoction on the sustained expression of transient outward potassium channel related protein in rats with myocardial infarction 被引量:1
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作者 Jing-Xin Di Ying Wang Song-Feng Jin 《Journal of Hainan Medical University》 2021年第5期7-12,共6页
Objective:To observe the sustained expression of transient outward potassium channel related proteins at the end of the treatment and 30 days after the end of the treatment in rats,and to explore the sustained curativ... Objective:To observe the sustained expression of transient outward potassium channel related proteins at the end of the treatment and 30 days after the end of the treatment in rats,and to explore the sustained curative effect and mechanism of acupuncture combined with Xijingtongmai decoction in rats with myocardial infarction.Methods:Twenty of 130 male SD rats were random extracted as the control group,and the rest were used to establish myocardial infarction by fed with high-fat diet and then injected with isoproterenol.According to ECG,80 rats were successfully established.Then they were randomly divided into model group,acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine group,acupuncture group and Western medicine group.The content of bFGF protein was measured by ELISA.The protein contents of Kv1.4,Kv4.2,Kv4.3 and KChIP2 were measured by Western blot.Results:At the end of treatment,compared with the model group,the protein contents of Kv1.4,Kv4.2,Kv4.3,KChIP2 and bFGF in each treatment group increased,and the increase was most significant in the acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine group(P<0.05).At the end of treatment,compared with the model group,the protein contents of Kv1.4,Kv4.2,Kv4.3,KChIP2 and bFGF in each treatment group increased,and the increase was most significant in the acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine group(P<0.05).Compared with the treatment group at the end of treatment,the expression of Kv1.4,Kv4.2,Kv4.3,KChIP2 and bFGF protein in each treatment group 30 days after the end of treatment decreased slightly(P<0.05),but still higher than that of the model group at this time(P<0.05).The combination of acupuncture and Chinese medicine group decreased the least of them(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results showed that acupuncture combined with xijingtongmai decoction had a sustained good effect.Its sustained action mechanism may be achieved by continuously increasing the protein content of Kv1.4,Kv4.2,Kv4.3,KChIP2 and bFGF through transient outward potassium channel. 展开更多
关键词 Myocardial infarction Acupuncture treatment Xijing Tongmai decoction Transient outward potassium channel Sustained expression Sustained curative effect
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Effects of OFDI on Employment and Skill Upgrading in Its Home Economy 被引量:1
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作者 Wen Chung Hsu Chengqi Wang Jeremy Clegg 《China Economist》 2015年第5期38-51,共14页
This research empirically examines the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and employment in its home economy. It is marked out from existing studies in the following three respects. First,... This research empirically examines the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and employment in its home economy. It is marked out from existing studies in the following three respects. First, instead of advanced economies, it focuses on the effect on employment in a newly industrialized economy. Second, it not only addresses the general issue of whether employment or production overseas complements or substitutes for employment in parent companies but also examines how OFDI contributes to skill upgrading in its origin economy, in addition to the quantitative effect. Third, this paper allows the results to vary between labour-intensive industries and technology-intensive industries in order to find the extent to which the home employment effect is moderated by industrial technology intensity. The results demonstrate that the location of investment and industry characteristics matter for explaining the effect of OFDI on home employment. Specifically, we find that while OFDI by Taiwan's multinationals in the Chinese mainland depresses employment in Taiwan in both labour- and technology-intensive industries, OFDI in other economies only produces a negative employment effect in technology-intensive sectors. An interesting finding of this study is the evidence of positive effects of OFDI on skill upgrading in Taiwan. This paper supports the argument that relocation of productivity overseas axes low-skilled workers at home. Moreover, OFDI in the Chinese mainland has a particular positive impact on skill upgrading in the home industry, lending support to the view that multinational enterprises (MNEs) outsource labour-intensive goods from their affiliates in low-income economies. 展开更多
关键词 outward foreign direct investment domestic employment home country effect
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A STUDY OF THE IMMUNOFUNCTION IN PATIENTSOF CORONARY HEART DISEASE WITH THE FUNDAMENTAL DEFICIENCY AND OUT-WARD EXCESS SYNDROME
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作者 何维 张德山 +6 位作者 王桂山 李子樵 包福助 金宏云 龙振洲 马树俊 田渭涛 《Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1989年第4期290-293,共4页
The fundamental deficiency and outward excesssyndrome of coronary heart disease can be classifiedinto Qi Yang deficiency with blood stasis(QYD) andYin deficiency with blood stasis(YD).The patientsshowed disturbanc... The fundamental deficiency and outward excesssyndrome of coronary heart disease can be classifiedinto Qi Yang deficiency with blood stasis(QYD) andYin deficiency with blood stasis(YD).The patientsshowed disturbances in immunofunction manifest-ed as marked increase of serum IgG,CIC,IC-IgG and IC-C<sub>3</sub> levels and the percentage of Bcells in the peripheral blood,while the percentages ofOKT<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>,OKT<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and OKT<sub>8</sub><sup>+</sup> cells markedly decreas-ed,especially the percentage of OKT<sub>8</sub><sup>+</sup> cells,resultingin an increase of the ratio of T4/8 and imbalancebetween T<sub>S</sub> and T<sub>H</sub>.The authors deem that thefundamental deficiency of coronary heart disease isrelated to the low cellular immunity,especially theimbalance between T<sub>S</sub> and T<sub>H</sub> cells,while outwardexcess of coronary heart disease is related to hyper-activity of humoral immunity. 展开更多
关键词 STASIS immunity markedly IgG outward MANIFEST autoimmune ANGINA IMMUNOGLOBULIN IMMUNOLOGY
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Acetylcholine modulates transient outward potassium channel in acutely isolated cerebral cortical neurons of rats
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作者 Lanwei Cui Tao Sun +2 位作者 Lihui Qu Yurong Li Haixia Wen 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第6期436-442,共7页
BACKGROUND: The neuronal transient outward potassium channel has been shown to be highly associated with acetylcholine. However, the influence of acetylcholine on the transient outward potassium current in cerebral c... BACKGROUND: The neuronal transient outward potassium channel has been shown to be highly associated with acetylcholine. However, the influence of acetylcholine on the transient outward potassium current in cerebral cortical neurons remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate acetylcholine modulation on transient outward potassium current in rat parietal cortical neurons using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A neuroelectrophysiology study was performed at the Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University between January 2005 and January 2006. MATERIALS: Wistar rats were provided by the Animal Research Center, the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University; PC-IIC patch-clamp amplifier and IBBClamp data collection analysis system were provided by Huazhong University for Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; PP-83 microelectrode puller was purchased from Narrishage, Japan. METHODS: The parietal somatosensory cortical neurons were acutely dissociated, and the modulation of acetylcholine (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μmol/L) on transient outward potassium channel was recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Influence of acetylcholine on transient outward potassium current, potassium channel activation, and inactivation. RESULTS: The inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on transient outward potassium current was dose- and voltage-dependent (P 〈 0.01). Acetylcholine was found to significantly affect the activation process of transient outward potassium current, i.e., the activation curve of transient outward potassium current was left-shifted, while the inactivation curve was shifted to hyperpolarization. Acetylcholine significantly prolonged the time constant of recovery from inactivation of transient outward potassium current (P 〈 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that acetylcholine inhibits transient outward potassium current by regulating activation and inactivation processes of the transient outward potassium channel. 展开更多
关键词 transient outward potassium channel whole-cell recording ACETYLCHOLINE CORTEX
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Effects of allocryptopine on outward potassium current and slow delayed rectifier potassium current in rabbit myocardium
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作者 Yi-Cheng FU Yu ZHANG +5 位作者 Liu-Yang TIAN Nan LI Xi CHEN Zhong-Qi CAI Chao ZHU Yang LI 《Journal of Geriatric Cardiology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第4期316-325,共10页
Objective Allocryptopine (ALL) is an effective alkaloid of Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. Papaveraceae and has proved to be an- ti-arrhythmic. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of ALL on t... Objective Allocryptopine (ALL) is an effective alkaloid of Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. Papaveraceae and has proved to be an- ti-arrhythmic. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of ALL on transmural repolarizing ionic ingredients of outward potassium current (Ito) and slow delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs). Methods The monophasic action potential (MAP) technique was used to record the MAP duration of the epicardium (Epi), myocardium (M) and endocardium (Endo) of the rabbit heart and the whole cell patch clamp was used to record/to and IKs in cardiomyocytes of Epi, M and Endo layers that were isolated from rabbit ventricles. Results The effects of ALL on MAP of Epi, M and Endo layers were disequilibrium. ALL could effectively reduce the transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in rabbit transmural ventricular wall. ALL decreased the current densities of/to and IKs in a voltage and concentration dependent way and narrowed the repolarizing differences among three layers. The analysis of gating kinetics showed ALL accelerated the channel activation ofIto in M layers and partly inhibit the channel openings of/to in Epi, M and Endo cells. On the other hand, ALL mainly slowed channel deactivation of IKs channel in Epi and Endo layers without affecting its activation. Conclusions Our study gives partially explanation about the mechanisms of tmnsmural inhibition of/to and IKs channels by ALL in rabbit myocardium. These findings provide novel perspective regarding the anti-arrhythmogenesis application of ALL in clinical settings. 展开更多
关键词 Allocryptopine ENDOCARDIUM EPICARDIUM Midcardium Slow delayed rectifier potassium channel Transient outward potassiumcurrent
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