Ovary cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2011

Objective： To evaluate and analyze ovary cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2011 using ovary cancer data from population-based cancer registration in China, and to provide scientific information for its control and prevention. Methods： Invasive cases of ovary cancer were extracted and analyzed from the overall Chinese cancer database in 2011, which were based on data from 177 population-based cancer registries distributing in 28 provinces. The crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities et al. were calculated and new and deaths cases from ovary cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2011 were estimated using Chinese practical population. Results： The estimates of new ovary cancer cases and deaths were 45,223 and 18,430, respectively, in China in 2011. The crude incidence rare, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population （ASR-C） and age- standardized rate by world standard population （ASR-W） incidence were 6.89/100,000, 5.35/100,000 and 5.08/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR-C and ASR-W mortalities were 2.81/100,000, 2.01/100,000 and 1.99/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas. The age-specific incidence and mortality increased rapidly from age 35-39 and peaked at age 60-64 or 75- 79 years. After age 45 or 55, the age-specific incidence and death rates in urban were much higher than those in rural areas. Conclusions： Compared with GLOBOCAN 2012 data, the ovary cancer incidence in China in 2011 was at middle level, but its mortality was at low level worldwide.

Growth-inhibitory Effects of Curcumin on Ovary Cancer Cells and Its Mechanisms

To study the growth inhibitory effects of curcumin on human ovary cancer A2780 cells in vitro and its molecular mechanisms, the growth inhibition rates of A2780 cancer cells, after being treated with 10 μmol/L-50 μmol/L curcumin for 6-24 h, were examined by MTT method. The morphological changes of cancer cells were observed under inversion microscopy. Cellular apoptotic rates were determined by using TUNEL. The protein expression levels of bcl 2, p53 and MDM2 in cancer cells were examined by SP immunohistochemistry. After being treated by various concentrations of curcumin, the growth of cancer cells was inhibited significantly. Some cancer cells presented characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis. The rates of apoptosis were 6.41 % -28.48 % ( P <0.01). The expression of bcl 2 and p53 was decreased, which depended on the action time ( P <0.01). There were no obvious changes in MDM2 expression. It was concluded that curcumin could significantly inhibit the growth of ovary cancer cells. The induction of apoptosis by down re gulating the expression of bcl 2 and p53 was probably one of its molecular mechanisms.

Multiple Potential Markers of Chemosensitivity of Ovarian Cancer, Among Which KELIM of CA125 Is Low Cost and Efficient

Aim: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant cancer with the highest death rate among various kinds of gynecological tumors. The treatment pattern of HGSCs is mainly primary debulking surgery (PDS), followed by platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, which has been the preferred treatment plan in recent years. Treatment decision-making remains a problem that needs to be addressed. We write this article to summarize the relevant indicators reported and find better decision-making tools. Methods: We have extensively read and understood the literature in the research field involved. We searched for keywords in Pubmed: ovarian cancer;KELIM;chemosensitivity. Later we summarized and organized the current research status in the last two decades. Results: There are many predictors of chemotherapy sensitivity, including pathological chemotherapy response score (CRS), the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), BRCA mutations in germ lines or somatic cells, tumor homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), KELIM of CA125 and so on. Many clinical trials have testified that this marker of chemosensitivity all have their own advantages and disadvantages. KELIM of CA125 is low-cost and efficient, which is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice. Conclusions: Many studies have validated the predictive and guiding value of the KELIM of Ca125 in the diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer. Nowadays, KELIM of Ca125 is rarely known by clinical doctors and lacks clinical application. We advise that KELIM of CA125 is a potential prognostic factor of ovarian cancer. As a clinical doctor in the process of treating ovarian cancer, we can combine the patient’s situation with KELIM, to develop personalized treatment plans. Not only can it reduce the occurrence of complications, but it can also lower medical costs.

CD59 Silencing via Retrovirus-Mediated RNA Interference Enhanced Complement-Mediated Cell Damage in Ovary Cancer

CD59, belonging to membrane complement regulatory proteins （mCRPs）, inhibits the cytolytic activity of complement and is over-expressed in solid cancers, including ovary cancer. The aim of the present study was to construct recombinant retrovirus encoding shRNA targeted human CD59 and infect A2780 cells in order to investigate the relationship between decreased CD59 expression and tumorigenesis of ovary cancer, siCD59 and siCD59-C were successfully constructed and identified by PCR, restriction endonuclease analyses and DNA sequencing, respectively. The siCD59 was able to efficiently infect A2780 cells, which was confirmed by Western blotting. When incubated with fresh normal human serum （8%, v/v） for 1 h at 37℃, the cell viability was decreased and cell damage was increased in siCD59 infected A2780 cells compared to siCD59-C infected cells. This led to the activation of caspase-3. The apoptosis in siCD59 infected cells was shown with hypercondensed nuclei using Hoechst staining. Meanwhile, the weight of ovary tumor graft in nude mice was significantly decreased in siCD59 group compared to that of siCD59-C group. And the expression of CD59 protein in tumor tissue in siCD59 group was significantly decreased. These results suggested that CD59 silencing in ovary cancer cells v/a retrovirusmediated RNAi can enhance complement-mediated cell damage, inhibiting growth of ovary cancer. CD59 might be a potential target for gene therapy in ovary cancer. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology.

An Up-to-Date Understanding of the “Krukenberg Tumor” Mechanism

Krukenbergtumor is a metastatic ovarian tumor with its primary site being the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of Krukenberg tumor formation is still in its hypothetical stage though the current understanding suggests lymphatic, hematogenous and transcoelomic route as the 3 major route of metastasis. There is a lack of description in the literature related to the pathway of metastasis. Here, we intend to search the available literature and provide a thorough review, which may be helpful to the readers to understand the issue of mechanism of Krukenberg tumor metastasis more clearly.

Application of ovarian transposition during hysterectomy

Objective To study the optimal position and method for ovarian transposition and its benefits and indications.Methods We performed ovarian transposition in 34 patients from August 1989 to December 2000. Twelve patients were diagnosed with stage Ⅰb to Ⅱa cervical cancer, 4 had stage Ⅰa endometrial carcinoma, 12 had stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ endometriosis, 4 had myoma of uterus, 1 had dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and 1 had an ovarian granulosa cell tumor. Surgery went as follows: the ovary was dissociated by clamp, the skin was incised and a tunnel was made, then the ovary was translocated to the subcutaneous site. In the cases of benign lesions, the ovarian vessel pedicel went in through the abdominal cavity, but in malignant tumors, it went out through the peritoneum. Results In both cases (benign lesions or malignant tumors), the short-term and long-term endocrine function of the translocated ovary remained normal. Furthermore, patients could supervise their translocated ovary themselves.Conclusions Subcutaneous ovary transposition might prevent not only implantation of gastrointestinal cancer but also the extension of pelvic carcinoma to the ovary. Because of the shallow transposition and the incision scar, it is easy for patients to supervise themselves. Moreover, the site of the ovary is easy to locate for ultrasound examinations. Thus, it can obtain the goal of early prevention for cancer. Subcutaneous ovarian transposition with skin incision is the optimal selection and suitable for all patients with various gynecologic diseases in which ovary removal is not necessary.