Compliance of a Small Convenience Sample and Efficacy of Short Term Modified Carbohydrate Diet on Weight Loss in Overweight College Students: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine overweight students’ compliance on low and moderate carbohydrate diets and its influence on weight loss. The 28 day study was divided into two experimental periods of 14 days each. For the first 14 days, Group 1 (n = 6) received LC diet (30 grams carbohydrate/day with ad libitum intake of protein and fat), and group 2 (n = 8) received MC diet (60 grams carbohydrate/day with ad libitum intake of protein and fat). After 14 days, there was a crossover of the diets. Two random 24-hour diet records, urinary ketones, and daily emotional and physical well-being journals evaluated participants’ dietary compliance. Height, weight, body mass index, and urine ketones were assessed at baseline, days 14 and 28. A 2 × 2 ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference between groups and to determine if a difference existed from baseline to the end of the diet period. During the study period, ir- respective of carbohydrate levels, a vast majority of participants had above or below the recommended intake of carbo- hydrates, indicating non-compliance due to various reasons. During each experimental period, although weight loss differences between groups over time did not exist, there was a significant weight loss within subjects over time (p < 0.01). Presence of urinary ketones during the dietary interventions were not statistically significant. In conclusion, mod-ified carbohydrate diets were effective with weight loss;however participants were non-compliant with their de- fined dietary protocols.

Prevalence of and factors associated with various level of body weight among Inner Mongolia medical students in China

Background: To date no study on the body weight of medical students in Inner Mongolia has been carried out. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with various body weight levels, and the physical health status associated with body weight levels among medical students attending the Inner Mongolia Medical College of China in 2011. Methods: Data on participant characteristics came from basic information contained in the school database. Students’ body weight was categorized using standard height and weight and physical health status using the college student physical health standard. Factors associated with various level of body weight were identified using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: The sample comprised 2060 males and 5096 females. The appropriate body weight prevalence among the students was 51.7%. The prevalence of being overweight or obese was 5.8 and 8.5%, respecttively, higher compared to the typical prevalence among college students in China. Both male and female students in the 24-28-years age group had the lowest appropriate weight percentage and the highest obesity percentage among all the age groups. For female medical students, the prevalence of obesity for students studying in Clinical Medicine was higher than for other faculties. Multinomial logistic regression analysis of male students showed that lowest year of education (year 1) was a protective factor in regard to appropriate weight. For both male and female medical students, the obese group had the highest proportion of poor physical health status compared to other categories of body weight and the proportion with excellent physiccal health status constituted < 1% for males and 0% for females. Conclusions: School administrators should encourage medical students to actively participate in body weight training and education to improve attitudes toward inappropriate body weight, to increase protective factors, and reduce the risk factors for inappropriate body weight.

Anthropometric studies on medical students of Nepal and Sri Lanka:height and weight

Nutritional status of a population or an individual could be assessed by clinical,biochemical and anthropometric means.It is widely used in the monitoring of growth and assessment of the nutritional status of children and adults.Even though a large number of anthropometric studies is done in Nepal and Sri Lanka,on various projects related to the nutritional aspects,but only few have been done on anthropometry and due to lack of information on anthropometric data of Nepalese and Sri Lankan medical students,the present study was initiated at Nepal Medical college and Faculty of Medicine,University of Peradeniya,Sri Lanka.The aim of the study was to measure height and weight of medical students of Nepal Medical College and Faculty of Medicine,University of Peradeniya.A total of 1228(males 681;females 547)medical students participated in the study.The ratio of male to female was 1.24:1.The height was measured,to the nearest 0.1 cm without shoes,using a measuring tape affixed to the wall.The weight was recorded using weighing scale,with minimum clothes and without shoes to the nearest 0.1kg.Two tail unpaired t’test was performed to compare mean values.The percentile values were obtained using Microsoft excel for Windows 98.The age of the students varied from 18-26 years with a mean±SD of 20.77±1.17 and 20.90±1.10 in males and females respectively.The heights of the male and female medical students werel.65±0.08 and 1.61±0.08 and the weight was 59.70±9.26 and 55.54±9.16 respectively.The percentile values obtained for height and weight were compared with National Centre for Health statistics(NCHS) standards.The 50th percentile value of males height and weight corresponded to the 20th percentile and below the 20th percentile values respectively of the NCHS standard.The 50th percentile value of female’s height and weight corresponded to less than 10th and 15th percentiles respectively.The height and weight of only 9 males and 8 females were above the 50th percentile value of NCHS standards.The study reveals that the Nepalese medical students and Sri Lankan medical students are underweight and shorter compared to western standards.

Body Shape Dissatisfaction, Weight Status and Physical Activity among a Sample University Students in Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of body shape dissatisfaction, weight and physical activity status among university students and predictors for body shape dissatisfaction. A cross sectional study was carried out in a sample comprising of 368 female and male university students aged 18 years or more at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Body weight, height, Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and physical activity level were used as assessment tools. Chi-square and independent sample T-test were used to assess gender difference. Linear regression analysis was conducted to examine predictors of the body shape dissatisfaction. Overall, 65% of students had normal BMI, more males then females overweight (23%), while more females underweight (16.8%). Females have higher body shape dissatisfaction (33.5%) then males (21.4%), half of males inactive and this percentage increased in females to (73.8%). Overweight males were more dissatisfied with their body shape (10.7%) than females (6.3%). Almost one fifth of inactive males dissatisfied comparable to quarter inactive females dissatisfied with their body shape. Younger age is predictor for body shape dissatisfaction in both genders, also weight in males. BMI and being married female was predictor for body shape dissatisfaction. Collectively results indicate that body shape dissatisfaction and inactive lifestyle were prevalent among females than male’s age, weight;BMI and marital status was the most predictor for body shape dissatisfaction. However developing educational program to promote body shape satisfaction and active lifestyle will be very useful especially among females.

A pilot study in relationship among changes in visceral fat area, waist circumference and body weight in Japanese freshmen students

We investigated the relationship among delta (delta represents changes in parameters) visceral fat area, waist circumference and body weight in Japanese freshmen students. Visceral fat was measured at the umbilical level using computerized tomography scanning at baseline study and 6 months later. Body weight and height, as well as waist circumference were also measured. We found that visceral fat area, waist circumference, and body weight significantly correlated with each other at baseline, and 6 months later, delta visceral fat area and changes in % visceral fat area significantly correlated with delta waist circumference and delta body weight in female and in total subjects. In addition, based on the predictive linear equations from the regression analysis, we found that 1kg of delta body weight corresponded to 0.83 cm of delta waist circumference, and 1kg of delta body weight and 1cm of delta waist circumference corresponded to 9.41% and 7.80% of changes in visceral fat area, respectively, in total subjects. The present results suggest that delta visceral fat area is closely related to delta body weight and delta waist circumference in Japanese freshmen students.

基于结构重参数化的权重嵌套式教师-学生网络

教师-学生网络在知识蒸馏、知识扩展、域自适应以及多任务学习等领域的应用中均已取得显著成果且成为重要的框架或范式。在不同的应用场景中,教师-学生网络拥有不同的优化方向。本文针对半监督应用场景下的知识扩展任务提出了一种权重嵌套式教师-学生网络模型。该模型借鉴结构重参数化方法,将学生网络设计为结构重参数化网络,并进一步以其主干分支作为教师网络,实现教师网络和学生网络的嵌套。由于教师网络和学生网络的主干分支共享权重,因此本文所提出的框架可以大幅地缩减传统教师-学生网络模型的参数量以及对显存的要求。为了验证本文提出的框架在半监督设定下的有效性,我们在Food-101数据集上进行了对比实验。实验结果表明嵌套式的教师-学生网络在模型参数量和显存占用量减少超过40%的条件下,实现了在多种标注比例下均取得略高于传统教师-学生网络模型的性能。

STRUCTURE,MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND BIOACTIVITIES OF(1→3)-β-D-GLUCANS AND ITS SULFATED DERIVATIVES FROM FOUR KINDS OF LENTINUS EDODES

Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt% proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.

Comparison of Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Light Weight Wool and Wool Blend Fabrics using the KES-F and FAST Instruments

This study compares the test results of the FAST (Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing) with those of the KES - F (Kawabata Evaluation Systems for Fabrics) for a range of nineteen light weight wool and wool blend fabrics in terms of the low - stress mechanical properties of bending, shear, and tensile deformation. It is found that there are very significant correlations between the corresponding parameters for extensibility and shear rigidity obtained from the test results of the two systems. The correlation between the values of bending rigidity obtained from the two systems is only moderate. Furthermore, for the fabrics tested in this study, the values of bending rigidity, shear rigidity, and extensibility measured using the KES - F instruments are higher than those of the corresponding parameters measured using the FAST instruments. The linear regression equation is given for each pair of corresponding parameter.

Manufacturing of Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Reinforced Tape and the Loss of Strength

Due to the low density and excellent mechanical proper-ties,high performance fiber reinforced materials have aconsiderable application in the area of high technologyand dally usage.In this paper,the Ultra-high Molecu-lar Weight Polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber reinforcedPE tape prepared with the method of powder impregnat-ion was studied.The effect of impregnate length and thetensile force of the yarn on the fiber content as well as on the strength and modulus of the tape were discussed.Calculation shows that the strength and the modulus ofthe ULMWPE fiber can keep about 85％ after it undergothe process.

Preparation of High Molecular Weight Poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone)(85-15)

Poly（L-lactide-co-caprolactone）（85-15）[P（LLA-CL）（85-15）] was synthesized from high purity L-lactide and e-caprolactone using tin octoate as initiator by ring-opening polymerization, and characterized by infrared spectrum and IH-NMR spectrum. The synthesized P（LLA-CL）（85-15） is a random copolymer. The influences of polymerization temperature, polymerization time, dosage of initiator and polymerization pressure on the weight average molecular weight and the polydispersity index of P（LLA-CL）（85-15） were investigated. The optimum preparation conditions of P（LLA-CL）（85-15） are： the polymerization pressure is less than 0.5 Pa, the polymerization temperature is 130 ~C, the n（M）/n（I） ratio is 8 000/1, and the polymerization time is 36 h. Under the condition, the weight-average molecular weight of prepared P（LLA-CL）（85-15） is 65.6x 104, and molecular weight distribution coefficient is 1.15.

考虑空间异质性的短距离上学方式选择机理

短距离出行是学生日常出行的重要组成部分,合理引导短距离上学群体交通方式选择对于促进学生健康发展和缓解高峰期间道路交通拥堵具有重要意义.本研究以中国南京市为例,利用贝叶斯分类法识别出南京市学生的短距离出行阈值为2.7 km,在此基础上,分别构建多项logit(multinomial logit,MNL)模型与地理加权多项logit(geographically weighted multinominal logit,GWMNL)模型,探讨个人属性、出行特征、家庭特征及建成环境对短距离学生群体上学方式选择的影响及其空间异质性.结果表明,相比MNL模型,GWMNL模型具有更好的拟合度和解释能力,说明学生上学交通方式选择行为因居住位置不同存在明显差异.与居住在学校附近的低龄学生相比,核心区与近郊区较短出行距离的高龄学生更倾向于乘坐小汽车上学,而远郊区(六合区和江宁区)的高龄学生更倾向于选择积极出行(步行和自行车)和电动自行车上学.小汽车数量对学生选择积极出行、电动自行车及公共交通上学均有消极影响,且这种消极影响从市中心向外围区域逐渐增强.最近公交站距离对居住在核心区与近郊区的学生选择公共交通具有明显促进作用,而对部分远郊地区的学生选择公共交通具有抑制作用,且在南京市的北部和东部地区尤为明显.研究结果可为不同区域学生群体短距离积极出行引导策略的制定提供参考.

基于AHP的高职院校学生综合素质评价方法研究

为了更合理地对学生综合素质进行评价,为评优评先提供数据支撑,本文基于层次分析法(AHP)构建了综合评价模型。首先从德、智、体、美、劳5个方面构建指标体系;其次构建判断矩阵得出相对权重向量和组合权重;最后选择某高校信息工程学院一个宿舍的学生验证该方法的有效性。

针对中心型肥胖大学生实施运动、饮食、健康教育联合干预效果的研究

目的:探讨采用运动、饮食、健康教育联合干预方法对中心型肥胖大学生身体成分与身体形态的影响效果。方法:随机抽取山西省某重点高校50名体脂检测为肥胖的大学生,并从中抽取32名中心型肥胖大学生作为研究对象,对其进行为期12周运动、饮食、健康教育联合干预,干预前后测试各项指标,并对结果进行比较和分析。结果:干预后,男大学生体重、BMI、体脂率、体脂百分比、胸围、腰围、臀围、大腿围较干预前均得到非常明显改善(P值均<0.01);女大学生体重、BMI、体脂率、体脂百分比、腰围、大腿围较干预前均得到非常明显改善(P值均<0.01),胸围、臀围较干预前均有明显改善(P值均<0.05)。结论:采用12周运动、饮食、健康教育联合干预方法,可有效改善中心型肥胖大学生肥胖现状,减脂效果显著。同时,在身体形态与身体成分方面也取得较好改善效果,其方法可作为中心型肥胖大学生科学减脂的路径予以推广。

大学生体重污名与孤独感和自尊的关系

目的:探讨大学生体重内隐污名、体重外显污名、孤独感、自尊之间的关系。方法:选取福建某2所高校大学生185名,采用大学生体重污名量表(C-WSS)、孤独感量表修订版(Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale,UCLA-R)、自尊量表(SES)评估体重外显污名、孤独感、自尊水平,采用单类内隐关联测验程序(SC-IAT)评估体重内隐污名总的内隐效应值(D值)。结果:总的D值、UCLA-R得分均与C-WSS得分正关联(β=0.16、0.20),SES得分与C-WSS得分负关联(β=-0.22);UCLA-R得分与SES得分负关联(β=-0.54)。结论:大学生体重外显污名水平与体重内隐污名、孤独感、自尊有关。

大学生体质健康指标与血压、丙氨酸氨基转移酶的相关性研究

目的:研究大学生的体重指数、肺活量、肺活量体重指数、自助跑与血压、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)异常性的关系,以促进大学生的健康教育工作。方法:采用整群抽样的方法,对河北省某大学的3 943名大学生的身高、体重、体重指数、肺活量、肺活量体重指数、自助跑的成绩、血压、ALT进行统计,采用相关分析与回归分析、单因素方差分析等统计学方法进行分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:收缩压、舒张压与体重指数呈正相关,与肺活量体重指数呈负相关;收缩压、舒张压与女生肺活量呈正相关,收缩压与男生肺活量呈正相关,舒张压与男生肺活量无明显相关性;收缩压与自助跑成绩呈负相关,舒张压与男生自助跑成绩呈负相关,与女生自助跑成绩无明显相关性;ALT的异常性与体重指数、收缩压、舒张压呈正相关。结论:血压偏高的学生,体重指数偏高,肺活量体重指数偏低,自助跑的成绩也偏低;ALT值越高,体重指数越高,血压越高,ALT对体重指数和血压有一定的预测价值;可以通过改善生活方式预防高血压和肝功能异常。

0-1整数规划方法对研究生招生问题的探讨

对高校研究生招生中的录取方式及导师和研究生的双向选择机制进行了讨论。遵循合理易操作的原则,采用加权平均的方法和0—1整数规划的方法,得到了导师和学生双向选择的最优结果,从而给主管部门提供了改革现有招生机制的可行方案。

硕士研究生就业质量评价指标体系构建研究

硕士研究生作为国家培养的高层次人才,具有知识层次高和专业性强等就业特点。构建合理的硕士研究生就业质量评价指标体系有利于推动硕士研究生就业工作的进一步发展。通过扎根理论方法,确定就业率、薪资水平、就业结构、发展空间、工作条件和社会认可度等维度的6个一级指标和16个二级指标。综合运用层次分析法(AHP)和熵权法确定各指标的权重,形成科学的硕士研究生就业质量评价指标体系。在此基础上,从高校、硕士研究生和用人单位等多个方面提出提高硕士研究生就业质量的对策建议。

医学生创新创业能力评价指标体系构建

构建一套科学且操作性强的医学生创新创业能力评价指标体系,要明确各指标权重,为客观评价医学生创新创业能力提供参考和依据。运用文献研究、Delphin Method和AHP法构建医学生创新创业能力评价指标体系。构建了5个一级指标和16个二级指标,5个一级指标权重分别是0.1897、0.0854、0.4114、0.1523、0.1613,评价体系中CI=0.0948、CR=0.0846,二级指标各项CI和CR值均<0.1。指标体系具有科学性和操作性,实现高校对医学生不同阶段的创新创业能力的动态评价,助力医学生职业生涯的顺利开展。

基于模糊AHP模型的大学生创新创业能力评价方法

为深化大学生创新创业教育,全面提升当代大学生的综合能力,文中引进了模糊AHP模型,开展了大学生创新创业能力评价方法的设计研究。首先,根据大学生的特点和实际需求,在保证评价的准确性和有效性的基础上,设计层次化大学生创新创业能力评价指标体系。然后采用计算评价对象模糊权重的方式,掌握评价指标对应的权重及其在评价过程中的贡献度。最后,计算大学生创新创业能力值,对计算结果进行量化。以此种方式,实现了对大学生创新创业能力的综合评价。实验结果表明,文中设计的评价方法应用效果良好,按照规范使用该方法进行大学生创新创业能力评价,可以使评价结果更加客观公正、简洁明了且具有说服力。

大学生体重管理现状及健康教育对策研究--以浙江农业商贸职业学院为例

本文以浙江农业商贸职业学院为例,抽样调查在校大学生体重管理的认知、态度、行为及健康状况,为制定健康教育对策提供依据。调查结果显示,浙江农业商贸职业学院在校生体重管理状况整体良好,但对自身体重的认识还不够客观实际,对体重管理认知也存在一些不足,日常饮食行为方式和运动行为方式均存在不合理性。学校应根据大学生对体重管理的实际需求来开展体重管理健康教育,帮助学生提高体重管理认知水平,纠正不合理的体重管理行为。