Effect of an inpatient nursing risk early warning and control system in Shanghai:A retrospective study of adverse events

Purpose:To avoid the nursing risk of inpatients,reduce the occurrence of nursing errors and improve the safety of inpatients.Methods:We established a nursing risk early warning and control system,which includes a safety supervisory network,risk screening and early warning tools,and a risk control process.Results:The qualified rates of risk control measures to prevent pressure ulcers,unplanned extubation and fall/fall from bed all increased.The incidence of reported nursing errors decreased.The number of mistakes in medication-giving decreased.Conclusion:The establishment of an inpatient early warning and control system could effectively avoid nursing risk,improve risk prevention abilities,improve patient safety,and improve nursing quality.

Identification of Early Warning Signals of Infectious Diseases in Hospitals by Integrating Clinical Treatment and Disease Prevention

The global incidence of infectious diseases has increased in recent years,posing a significant threat to human health.Hospitals typically serve as frontline institutions for detecting infectious diseases.However,accurately identifying warning signals of infectious diseases in a timely manner,especially emerging infectious diseases,can be challenging.Consequently,there is a pressing need to integrate treatment and disease prevention data to conduct comprehensive analyses aimed at preventing and controlling infectious diseases within hospitals.This paper examines the role of medical data in the early identification of infectious diseases,explores early warning technologies for infectious disease recognition,and assesses monitoring and early warning mechanisms for infectious diseases.We propose that hospitals adopt novel multidimensional early warning technologies to mine and analyze medical data from various systems,in compliance with national strategies to integrate clinical treatment and disease prevention.Furthermore,hospitals should establish institution-specific,clinical-based early warning models for infectious diseases to actively monitor early signals and enhance preparedness for infectious disease prevention and control.

Study on Quality and Safety Trust Early Warning of Dairy Products Based on Statistical Process Control

In order to solve such problems as lack of dynamic evaluation system in evaluation of quality and safety trust of dairy products,and weak awareness of prevention,it is necessary to introduce the statistical process control into the quality and safety trust evaluation system of dairy products,and establish quality and safety trust early warning model for dairy products,so as to determine the control limit of control chart and carry out early warning according to eight criteria. According to the empirical results,the statistical process control is helpful for finding the hidden process risks and providing the necessary basis for enterprises taking positive measures to raise the confidence of consumers.

Early warning prevention and control strategies to reduce perioperative venous thromboembolism in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a major cause of unexpected and perioperative in-hospital deaths.It is characterized by high morbidity,high mortality,high misdiagnosis rate,and high missed diagnosis rates.VTE is a common postoperative complication in cancer patients.VTE is preventable,and early identification of risk factors leading to VTE and appropriate early preventive actions can reduce its occurrence and mortality.Presently,there is no uniform standard for the prevention and control of VTE in clinical practice,and hospitals in China lack mature and effective protocols for the assessment,prevention,and treatment of VTE.AIM To explore whether an early warning program could influence the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)postoperatively.METHODS This is a comparative retrospective cohort study,which enrolled patients who underwent laparotomic or laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor resection for gastrointestinal cancer between January 2016 and December 2019.Patients were divided into a control group and an early warning group depending on whether or not the early warning program was implemented.A venous thromboembolism prevention and control team was established.The outcomes included the occurrence of DVT,the correct rate of VTE assessment,the coagulation indicators,and the mastery of VTE knowledge by the nurses.RESULTS A total of 264 patients were included in this study,with 128 patients in the control group and 136 patients in the early warning group.The occurrence rate of DVT in the early warning group was 6.6%(9/136),compared with 14.1%(18/128)in the control group(P<0.05).The correct rates of VTE risk assessment by the nurses and standard implementation rate of VTE preventive measures were 86.8%vs 65.6%and 80.2%vs 57.8%in early warning and control groups,respectively(all P<0.001).The independent factors associated with postoperative DVT occurrence were age(OR=1.083,95%CI:1.070-3.265,P=0.032),Hyperlipidemia(OR=1.127,95%CI:1.139-2.564,P=0.042),preoperative high VTE risk(OR=2.131,95%CI:1.085-5.178,P=0.001),time of operation(OR=2.268,95%CI:2.005-5.546,P=0.026)and not adoption of early warning prevention(OR=3.747,95%CI:1.523-6.956,P=0.017).CONCLUSION The early warning strategy was independently associated with the decreasing occurrence of VTE,and it might be suitable for protection from VTE in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery.

THE WARNING OF THE '98 YANGTZE DELUGE & OUR FLOOD CONTROL STRATEGY

Based on a panoramic analysis of the serious Yangtze deluge in 1998 and its hydrological traits, the authors elucidate the formative factors of the deluge and review existing flood-control policies in retrospect. In addition, some countermeas-ures are suggested for coping with similar calamities in the near future.

The Project Monitoring and Early Warning System of Mould and Die

The article simply describes the difficulties of the Mould and Die project control,and then put forward the thoughts of developing the Monitoring and Early Warning System for the Mould and Die manufacturing.Afterwards,the main three constructing principles and the goals of the system are explained carefully.Based on those,the theory and the classifications of the Monitoring and Early Warning are expounded.With the assistance of the use case diagram of UML(the United Modeling Language),the main functions of the system are analyzed;and with the activity diagram of the UML,the work flows of the monitoring and early warning are expressed clearly.Finally,the classes and the architectures of the system are designed by making use of the class diagram of UML.

Mechanism,prevention,and control of mining-induced dynamic disasters in underground metal mines in China:Challenges and solutions

Metal mineral resources play an indispensable role in the development of the national economy.Dynamic disasters in underground metal mines seriously threaten mining safety,which are major scientific and technological problems to be solved urgently.In this article,the occurrence status and grand challenges of some typical dynamic disasters involving roof falling,spalling,collapse,large deformation,rockburst,surface subsidence,and water inrush in metal mines in China are systematically presented,the characteristics of mining-induced dynamic disasters are analyzed,the examples of dynamic disasters occurring in some metal mines in China are summarized,the occurrence mechanism,monitoring and early warning methods,and prevention and control techniques of these disasters are highlighted,and some new opinions,suggestions,and solutions are proposed simultaneously.Moreover,some shortcomings in current disaster research are pointed out,and the direction of efforts to improve the prevention and control level of dynamic disasters in China’s metal mines in the future is prospected.The integration of forward-looking key innovative theories and technologies in the abovementioned aspects will greatly enhance the cognitive level of disaster prevention and mitigation in China’s metal mining industry and achieve a significant shift from passive disaster relief to active disaster prevention.

基于Shewhart Control Chart的生鲜乳中兽药残留风险预警方法研究

针对生鲜乳中兽药残留水平动态变化的特点,本研究探索构建一种基于历史数据的生鲜乳中兽药残留动态预警方法。基于Shewhart Control Chart理论,建立了兽药残留超标预警、检出率异常预警和平均值标准偏差预警方法。对中国某大型乳企的生鲜乳中氟甲喹和达氟沙星检测数据分析发现,无需触发风险预警,同时对假定出现的检出率异常和平均值异常预警情况进行了分析。

Prevalence Characteristics of Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus Disease and Continuous Control Strategies

Through summarizing the prevalence characteristics of rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease(RBSDVD)in Linyi City of Shandong Province,this paper analyzed its prevalence is related to changes in farming and cultivation systems,the increase in the population of venomous Laodelphax striatellus Fallén and its own migration and spread,the poor disease resistance of cultivated varieties,and inadequate time of prevention and control.Besides,based on the practice of local control,it came up with some comprehensive control measures including strengthening monitoring,early warning and forecasting,planting resistant(tolerant)rice varieties according to local conditions,appropriately delaying the sowing(planting)period,supplemented by insect nets to cover seedlings,and making scientific use of chemical control.It is expected to provide a reference for the prevention and control of RBSDVD.

小型水库预报预警系统研发与应用

针对小型水库洪水预报预警研究不足问题,以构建的分布式水文模型、缺资料地区参数移植技术,以及小型水库防洪预警方式与指标体系、预警方案编制等为支撑,利用Java语言、Vue技术、ElementUI组件、EChart组件、Spring Boot、JSON数据交互等技术,设计开发了一套基于B/S架构的标准化、通用型小型水库预报预警系统。介绍了系统的设计模式及功能结构,阐述了基础信息展示、洪水预报、防洪调度、洪水预警、数据管理、基础空间地理分析等主要系统模块的设计,以及系统开发关键技术。以在安徽省的应用为例,展示了系统具备的可靠性、灵活性与实用性。

水稻害虫:研究进展与展望

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物,病虫害的发生直接威胁水稻生产安全。水稻害虫种类多,灾变机制复杂,绿色防控新技术开发难度大。深入研究水稻害虫的监测和早期预警技术、发育与生殖调控机制、化学通信机制和新型防控技术等,不仅有助于阐明水稻害虫发生灾变机制,还将为害虫综合治理提供新的有效的防控靶点和防控技术。近年来,我国学者在水稻害虫研究领域取得显著进展,在多个研究方向取得重要成果,本专辑汇集了一些最新研究进展。本文概述了目前关于水稻害虫研究的最新进展,介绍了本专辑论文的主要研究内容,并提出了如下值得更深入关注的3个研究方向:(1)水稻害虫智能化监测和早期预警;(2)水稻害虫灾变机制及演变规律;(3)水稻害虫绿色防控靶点挖掘及可持续防控体系构建和应用。

水利工程白蚁防治研究进展

白蚁是一种主要的害堤动物,一直是水利工程安全运行的重大隐患,经济社会的发展和复杂环境的变化对白蚁防治提出了更高的要求。梳理了水利工程白蚁防治中预防、探查、处置三个环节的研究进展,阐述了白蚁防治关键技术的基本原理、适用场景及应用效果;回顾了白蚁监测预警技术的发展过程,介绍了技术原理、系统架构和功能实现;总结了白蚁综合防治技术的实践及探索,探讨了现阶段白蚁防治技术的适用性和局限性。在此基础上提出了对白蚁习性规律、白蚁蚁巢精准探测、白蚁智能监控预警、堤坝动物危害风险评估、白蚁防治综合治理及体制机制建设等研究方向的思考,为促进白蚁防治更加精准高效、绿色智能提供借鉴。

福建省贝类毒素风险预警与管控的现状与建议

贝类毒素主要由有毒赤潮藻产生,在海洋环境中分布广泛,它可通过食物链传递,对民众生命健康造成严重威胁。福建省近岸海域是我国赤潮高发海域之一,近年来在漳州、泉州等地曾发生民众食用贝类中毒事件。为保障民众健康和生命安全,维护海洋渔业经济健康发展,本文对福建省贝类毒素风险监测与管控、赤潮灾害预警与应急处置预案等相关政策、措施进行总结,结合近年来福建省海水贝类贝毒污染状况,对存在的主要问题进行分析,并针对性地提出健全相关法律法规、制定贝毒风险预警与应急处置预案、完善贝类毒素监测方案、严格产毒藻预警浓度、建立贝类毒素分级管控制度等对策和建议,以期为赤潮减灾、水产品质量安全管理,以及贝类毒素风险预警与管控体系的完善提供参考。

降雨诱发滑坡的NPR锚索控制机理及临滑预警

为研究降雨滑坡的控制及临滑预警技术,以熊家山滑坡为原型,通过分析边坡变形的时空特征,设计了相似模型试验.以普通预应力锚索(简称PR锚索)和NPR锚索为加固材料,运用高速摄像机、孔压、土压和锚索力传感器,分析了降雨诱发的滑坡规律和锚索控制机理,并结合现场试验探究了滑坡牛顿力变化规律.结果表明:孔隙水压力突降与边坡局部滑塌近似同步;NPR锚索力突降,边坡内部产生局部变形;PR锚索因无法承受大变形被拉断失效,而NPR锚索凭借恒阻大变形特性产生高应力吸能控制功能,促使边坡达到二次平衡状态;NPR锚索在滑坡前表现出明显的“先突增,后突降”的变形-临滑动力学规律;现场试验揭示了滑坡全过程牛顿力演变规律,提前7.5 h发出临滑预警.

防空作战中多边形责任区预警机空域配置方法

针对防空作战中不规则多边形责任区预警机空域配置问题,基于预警机巡逻航线最短直飞距离和最小转弯直径所形成的实时探测区,通过寻优算法确定预警机责任子区和相应的预警机巡逻可用空域,再基于预警机稳定覆盖度评估准则,对其空域配置进一步寻优,得到预警机空域配置优化方案。通过算例仿真验证了此种方法在不规则多边形责任区中规划预警机空域配置的可行性和提升作战效能的有效性,其方法具有较强的实用价值和军事价值。

矿井带式输送机火灾烟流特性及其预警防控综述

为有效防控煤矿井下带式输送机火灾事故,保障煤矿工作人员的生命财产安全,系统分析矿井带式输送机火灾的起火原因、燃烧特性、烟流特性、监测预警技术及防治措施,并基于当前研究现状提出展望。结果表明:引发带式输送机火灾的主要原因是摩擦温升、电气设备故障及明火;研究带式输送机火灾燃烧和烟流特性采用的巷道火灾模型及数值模拟相关参数具有一定局限性,需综合考虑运输巷道实际工况及环境等参数;国内虽有针对带式输送机火灾的监测预警系统,但其尚有不足,需引入5G、大数据及人工智能等新兴技术予以完善,并结合硬件探测及人员管理等方面,健全煤矿带式输送机火灾防治体系,进而全面推动煤矿安全智能化建设。

赣东北丘陵地区县域耕地非农化和非粮化驱动机制及预警

[目的]探究江西省上饶市铅山县耕地非农化和非粮化的空间分异特征及其驱动机制,模拟土地利用变化格局以作出预警,为严格落实耕地用途管制措施提供科学依据和决策支持。[方法]以铅山县2017年和2021年的土地利用数据为基础,利用空间计量模型识别耕地非农化和非粮化的驱动机制,借助PLUS模型预测耕地变化情况,根据预测结果进一步划定预警级别。[结果](1)铅山县耕地非农化和非粮化空间分异特征明显,耕地总体变化率和非粮化率高值区聚集在县域北部的河谷平原和南部的武夷山北麓山区,低值区分布在县域东西两侧;耕地非农化率高值区分布较为零散,低值区相对连片。(2)耕地利用等级和人均耕地面积是抑制耕地非农化的重要因素,城乡梯度、道路密度与非农化率和非粮化率呈正相关,人均建设用地面积、耕地后备资源对非农化率存在正向影响。(3)多情景模拟结果显示,自然发展情景下建设用地扩张导致耕地数量大幅度减少,耕地管制情景下耕地连片性提高,生态保护情景下存在林地挤压耕地资源的情况。(4)铅山县耕地非农化处于适度预警以上的行政村主要聚集在县域南部乡镇,耕地非粮化预警级别的高值区普遍集中在县域北部乡镇。[结论]未来应积极推进高标准农田建设,建立耕地保护补偿机制,提高乡镇集约节约用地水平,开展全域土地综合整治,完善耕地流转制度,落实耕地“占补平衡”和“进出平衡”的耕地用途管制措施。

早期预警自动评分程序在普通病区患者病情风险管控中的应用

目的探讨早期预警自动评分程序在普通病区患者病情风险管控中的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取丰城市人民医院及丰城市妇幼保健院普通病房985名患者作为研究对象,其中2022年6月至12月住院的491例患者作为对照组,由护士进行人工早期预警评分;2023年1月至6月住院的494例患者作为观察组,由护士收集数据、早期预警自动评分程序进行高、中、低危分层,比较两组患者计算评分时间、非计划转入ICU及分级护理准确情况。结果观察组患者的计算评分时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的非计划转入ICU率低于对照组,分级护理准确率高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期预警自动评分程序对于普通病区患者危重症具有良好的区分能力,降低计算评分时间以及非计划转入ICU人数,提高分级护理准确度。

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害监测预警与防控技术研究进展

煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害是深部煤炭开采的重大安全隐患,探明其致灾机理、发展监测预警及防控技术是防治关键。提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害防治“四面体”理论,即分别从灾害分类、灾害机理、灾害预警、灾害防控4个层面概述煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究进展。总结了以能量释放主体、初始瓦斯压力、载荷条件为主的复合动力灾害类型划分依据;梳理了理论分析尺度和实验室尺度下的复合动力灾害机理研究进展,发现应力路径、微裂纹动态演化和煤岩赋存地质因素临界指标是致灾机理研究的关键;概述了以前期灾害前兆信息判识、中期灾害前兆信息采集、后期灾害一体化监测预警为主线的复合动力灾害监测预警技术研究进展;揭示了复合动力灾害消能减灾一体化防控技术和多尺度分源防控关键技术科学内涵。在此基础上针对两淮矿区灾害特点,提出了深部强动载条件下复合动力灾害智能判识与预警方法和分区协同防控方法。基于当前研究进展,提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究亟待解决的问题,助力实现深部煤炭安全、精准、高效开采。

理工科实验室安全风险预警与分级方法研究

文章结合理工科实验室的特点,进行理工科实验室危险源辨识与危险性分析,采用综合集成法构建理工科实验室安全风险预警指标体系,合理设计指标权重,并以某一流高校的理工科实验室为例,探索了安全风险分级管控措施。此项研究可为高校优化理工科实验室安全管理提供参考。