Conventional adaptive T cell responses contribute to liver inflammation and fibrogenesis,especially in chronic viral infections and autoimmune hepatitis.However,the role of unconventional gamma-delta(γδ)T cells in l...Conventional adaptive T cell responses contribute to liver inflammation and fibrogenesis,especially in chronic viral infections and autoimmune hepatitis.However,the role of unconventional gamma-delta(γδ)T cells in liver diseases is less clear.In the past two decades,accumulating evidence revealed thatγδT cell numbers remarkably increase in the liver upon various inflammatory conditions in mice and humans.More recent studies demonstrated that the functional effect ofγδT cells on liver disease progression depends on the subsets involved,which can be identified by the expression of distinct T cell receptor chains and of specific cytokines.Fascinatingly,γδT cells may have protective as well as pathogenic functions in liver diseases.Interferonγ-producingγδT cells,for example,induce apoptosis in hepatocytes but also in hepatic tumor cells;while interleukin-17-expressingγδT cells can downregulate pathogenic effector functions of other immune cells and can promote apoptosis of fibrogenic stellate cells.However,the results obtained in human liver disease as well as murine models are not fully conclusive at present,and the effects ofγδT cells on the outcome of liver disease might vary dependent on etiology and stage of disease.Further definitions of theγδT cell subsets in-volved in acute and chronic liver inflammation,as well as their effector cytokines might uncover whether interference withγδT cells could be a useful target for the treatment of liver disease.展开更多
Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL) is a very uncommon and extremely aggressive tumor, and is described in the newly re-vised World health organization for research and treatment of cancer classif...Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL) is a very uncommon and extremely aggressive tumor, and is described in the newly re-vised World health organization for research and treatment of cancer classification of cutaneous lymphomas. A 43-year-old male patient presented with a 4 months history of cutaneous lesion over upper lip, without plaque and any constitutional symptom. Histopathological examination of skin biopsy revealed infiltration of atypical lymphocytes with hyperchromatic irregular nuclei. Immunophenotyping pattern of skin biopsy was compatible with PCGD-TLC. It is a highly aggressive tumor resistant to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. The GDTCL is characterized by a worse prognosis with a median survival of 15 months. Early diagnosis is essential and aggressive therapy is necessary.展开更多
基金Supported by The German Research FoundationNo.DFG Ta434/2-1 and SFB/TRR57the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research(IZKF) Aachen
文摘Conventional adaptive T cell responses contribute to liver inflammation and fibrogenesis,especially in chronic viral infections and autoimmune hepatitis.However,the role of unconventional gamma-delta(γδ)T cells in liver diseases is less clear.In the past two decades,accumulating evidence revealed thatγδT cell numbers remarkably increase in the liver upon various inflammatory conditions in mice and humans.More recent studies demonstrated that the functional effect ofγδT cells on liver disease progression depends on the subsets involved,which can be identified by the expression of distinct T cell receptor chains and of specific cytokines.Fascinatingly,γδT cells may have protective as well as pathogenic functions in liver diseases.Interferonγ-producingγδT cells,for example,induce apoptosis in hepatocytes but also in hepatic tumor cells;while interleukin-17-expressingγδT cells can downregulate pathogenic effector functions of other immune cells and can promote apoptosis of fibrogenic stellate cells.However,the results obtained in human liver disease as well as murine models are not fully conclusive at present,and the effects ofγδT cells on the outcome of liver disease might vary dependent on etiology and stage of disease.Further definitions of theγδT cell subsets in-volved in acute and chronic liver inflammation,as well as their effector cytokines might uncover whether interference withγδT cells could be a useful target for the treatment of liver disease.
文摘Primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL) is a very uncommon and extremely aggressive tumor, and is described in the newly re-vised World health organization for research and treatment of cancer classification of cutaneous lymphomas. A 43-year-old male patient presented with a 4 months history of cutaneous lesion over upper lip, without plaque and any constitutional symptom. Histopathological examination of skin biopsy revealed infiltration of atypical lymphocytes with hyperchromatic irregular nuclei. Immunophenotyping pattern of skin biopsy was compatible with PCGD-TLC. It is a highly aggressive tumor resistant to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy. The GDTCL is characterized by a worse prognosis with a median survival of 15 months. Early diagnosis is essential and aggressive therapy is necessary.
