Analysis and Prediction of Corrosion Risk in Atmospheric Distillation Tower Overhead System

In order to optimize the atmospheric tower overhead low-temperature system,the physical parameters,multiphase composition,aqueous dew point temperature,and ammonium salt crystallization temperature are simulated with process simulation software.The temperature distribution in overhead heat exchanger is calculated by heat transfer calculation.The special parts with elbows near the inlet and outlet of heat exchanger are studied by fluid field analysis.Results indicate that under current operating conditions,the aqueous dew point temperature and initial crystallization temperature of NH4Cl are 91°C and 128°C,respectively.Ammonium salt appears in the distillation tower and liquid water occurs in heat exchanger tubes,in which the dew point induced corrosion is the most direct factor for heat exchanger corrosion.In the heat exchanger,condensate water appearing in the area 2.7 meters away from the bundle inlet can give rise to corrosion risk under the moist NH4Cl and high concentration of acidic solution circumstance.For the pipes and elbows located near the inlet and the outlet of heat exchanger,the flow field presents an unsymmetrical distribution.High risk areas are mainly concentrated on the external bend of elbows where the liquid water concentration is higher.The coupling of simulation methods established thereby is approved as an effective way to evaluate the corrosion risk in the atmospheric column overhead system and can provide a scientific basis for corrosion control.

Development of Jet Training FTD (Flight Training Device) Overhead System

Today, the growth of aerospace industry has led to the development of modular overhead systems that can be applied to a wide variety of aircraft.?It actually maximizes training effectiveness by working in a similar way as to the real aircraft maneuverability. Overhead system control device for aircraft simulator is developed as a module and integrated to the flight simulator. The developed system can replace the similar products imported from overseas at a much lower price, about one third of the imports, while maintaining the same level of functionality and the performance with the counterparts. This price advantage is the main motivation of this development, which is expected to enlarge the commercial training simulator market in our country. This development has been also funded by the government, and we invited several commercial airline pilots to test the equipment. The post operation interview revealed that the developed system at least matches or exceeds the performance of the imported products. With the development completed, it is ready for the commercial production and will help promote the expansion of flight training education at various aerospace universities in Korea.

A Study on Optimizing the Double-Spine Type Flow Path Design for the Overhead Transportation System Using Tabu Search Algorithm

Optimizing Flow Path Design(FPD)is a popular research area in transportation system design,but its application to Overhead Transportation Systems(OTSs)has been limited.This study focuses on optimizing a double-spine flow path design for OTSs with 10 stations by minimizing the total travel distance for both loaded and empty flows.We employ transportation methods,specifically the North-West Corner and Stepping-Stone methods,to determine empty vehicle travel flows.Additionally,the Tabu Search(TS)algorithm is applied to branch the 10 stations into two main layout branches.The results obtained from our proposed method demonstrate a reduction in the objective function value compared to the initial feasible solution.Furthermore,we explore howchanges in the parameters of the TS algorithm affect the optimal result.We validate the feasibility of our approach by comparing it with relevant literature and conducting additional tests on layouts with 20 and 30 stations.

A pH Model for Calculating the pH Value of Mixed–Acid–Base Equilibria of Overhead Condensing Systems in Crude Distillation

A pH predictive model based on acid–base equilibria and ion equilibria was proposed to calculate the pH value of the overhead condensing system of crude distillation unit. The pH model could be used to predict the appropriate amounts of neutralizers by measuring the Cl-ion concentration of the overhead knockout drum. The pH values of various neutralized streams were estimated by this model. The results showed that the predicted pH values were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The trend of the corrosion inhibition efficiency decreases in the following order: ethylenediamine > N,Ndimethylethanolamine> triethylamine > 3-methoxypropylamine > morpholine. The difficulty in the accurate control of corrosion was solved, and a good instruction was provided for mitigating corrosion in refinery.

Adaptive Proportional-Derivative Sliding Mode Control Law With Improved Transient Performance for Underactuated Overhead Crane Systems

In this paper, an adaptive proportional-derivative sliding mode control(APD-SMC) law, is proposed for 2D underactuated overhead crane systems. The proposed controller has the advantages of simple structure, easy to implement of PD control, strong robustness of SMC with respect to external disturbances and uncertain system parameters, and adaptation for unknown system dynamics associated with the feedforward parts. In the proposed APD-SMC law, the PD control part is used to stabilize the controlled system, the SMC part is used to compensate the external disturbances and system uncertainties,and the adaptive control part is utilized to estimate the unknown system parameters. The coupling behavior between the trolley movement and the payload swing is enhanced and, therefore, the transient performance of the proposed controller is improved.The Lyapunov techniques and the La Salle's invariance theorem are employed in to support the theoretical derivations. Experimental results are provided to validate the superior performance of the proposed control law.

Experimental study on the movement law of overlying rock non-pillar coal overhead mining

Pillarless coal mining technology is a new practical technology.Based on the compensating mechanical behavior of the Negative Poisson’s Ratio(NPR)anchor cable on the roof,the roadway was successfully retained by the top cutting and pressure relief technology.This study utilizes the Digital Speckle Monitoring(DIC monitoring),stress-strain monitoring,and infrared thermal imaging systems to conduct physical model experiment of similar materials from the displacement,stress-strain,and temperature fields to investigate in depth the fracture change law of the overlying rock.In addition,it uses FLAC3D numerical simulation to invert the surface displacement settlement.The results show that the non-pillar overhead mining under the 110 mining method has little influence on the rock crack in the middle of the coal seam,and the crack development area is mainly concentrated in the overlying rock mass of the upward coal seam.The compensatory mechanical behavior of NPR anchor cable and the dilatation characteristics of rock mass have a good effect of retaining roadway along goaf,and can also reduce surface settlement.The 110 mining method provides a scientific basis for ecological environment protection and the development of other kilometer deep soft rock high ground stress underground projects.

Clustering Approaches for Overhead Reduction over Coordinated Multiple Points Network-MIMO Downlink Systems

Owing to the potential for intercell cochannel interference mitigation and significant spectral efficiency improvement, coordinating transmission techniques by multiple radio access points have recently attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, the system structure and mathematical signal model based on clustered structure are presented for multipoint coordinating downlink transmission, the clustered supercell configurations with static/dynamic approaches are discussed, and then optimal precod- ing design is provided for an accepted level of scheduling complexity and reduced signaling over- head. Some simulation results are given to evaluate the performance of different cell-clustering approaches, and to show that a clustered supercell size of 7 is a reasonable choice for clustered coordination with the given transmit power and the reduced feedback.

Single-phase earth fault current distribution between optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and ordinary ground wire in transmission system

It is important for the safety of transmission system to accurately calculate single-phase earth fault current distribution.Features of double sided elimination method were illustrated.Quantitative calculation of single-phase earth fault current distribution and case verification were accomplished by using the loop method.Influences of some factors,such as single-phase earth fault location and ground resistance of poles,on short-circuit current distribution were discussed.Results show that:1) results of the loop method conform to those of double sided elimination method;2) the fault location hardly influences macro-distribution of short-circuit current.However,current near fault location is evidently influenced;and 3) the short-circuit current distribution is not so sensitive to the ground resistance of poles.

Aspects of High Voltage Cable Sections in Modern Overhead Line Transmission Systems

Electrical power transmission is dominated by overhead line systems at present.This is mainly based on more than hundred years of experience of utilities in running overhead lines.Furthermore,overhead lines have proven their operational reliability and functional assurance.In the past,cables were used in distribution networks in urban areas for the most part with the exception of direct current submarine cables.New developments of high voltage XLPE cables make it possible to use this technology for EHV level applications in transmission networks.Within this paper,mixed network configurations,consisting of overhead lines and high voltage cables,are investigated.An exemplary EHV transmission line with a total length of about 100 km,which is quite typical for Central Europe,has been studied.Several different line combinations are discussed with varied rates between overhead line sections and cable sections length in practice.The length of the cable sections are ranging from several kilometers up to lengths of 100 km.In this paper the work focuses on the transient behavior of combined 400 kV overhead and cable lines during switching processes and lightning impacts.A number of calculations were carried out to get an overview of the transient stress in numerous network nodes along the transmission system.Numerical programs like ATP/EMTP have been used for these simulations.Peak values and wave shapes of the transient voltage stress have been evaluated,based on different systems and within possible combinations.In respect of the insulation coordination and transient stress at network nodes,the voltage-time trends are also analyzed.The combination of high voltage overhead and cable transmission systems,especially such with lengths of more than about 50 km,are making tightened and extended demands to the network design,to the operational management and of course to the network protection also.As an output of this investigations,the results might influence the strategy in running this new type of combined transmission systems.

Rehabilitation of Overhead Crane in HPP

This paper presents a case study on the repair of a mechanical component of an overhead crane.The problem was initially identified through on-site inspection and analysis of the crane’s performance.The mechanical part was found damaged,leading to safety concerns and operational inefficiencies.The paper details the process of diagnosing the issue,developing a repair plan,and executing the repair work.The repair plan involved replacing the damaged component with a new one and conducting additional maintenance work to ensure optimal performance.The paper also discusses the outcomes of the repair work,which led to improved safety and increased efficiency of the overhead crane.The case study provides insights into the importance of regular maintenance and on-site inspections in ensuring the safe and efficient operation of mechanical systems.

高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥接触网腕臂安装技术研究

高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥纵向伸缩量大且变位复杂,是影响接触网腕臂偏移等系统能否正常、安全运行的重要因素,如何解决接触网腕臂安装、偏移调整与钢梁伸缩之间的协同配合,目前国内在此方面鲜有研究。通过阐述受导线伸缩影响的腕臂偏移机理和大跨度钢桁架桥梁体纵向伸缩机理,分析在不同接触网锚段布置方式下大跨度钢桁架桥梁体伸缩对腕臂偏移的影响,并采用逐工点分析法总结不同工况下钢梁伸缩与导线伸缩对腕臂偏移影响的相互关系,揭示了接触网腕臂安装曲线在导线伸缩及钢梁伸缩共同作用下的计算方法。结合典型案例计算分析,建议采用不同钢梁跨度下的推荐锚段布置方式能有效降低腕臂偏移量,并提出应重点关注伸缩缝两侧锚段腕臂偏移问题、腕臂偏移为叠加关系时缩小半锚长度、钢梁跨度大于720 m时应重点计算伸缩缝两侧双腕臂间距等优化事项。研究内容及计算公式可为系统性解决高速铁路大跨度钢桁架桥接触网腕臂偏移设计、施工及运营维护等技术难题提供理论支持。

基于孪生多注意力网络的接触网侵限轻飘物跟踪

针对接触网侵限轻飘物尺度变化大、遮挡干扰和铁路限界背景杂乱,易导致跟踪失败的问题,提出一种基于孪生多注意力网络的接触网轻飘物侵限跟踪新方法。引入三种注意力机制从更深层次提取轻飘物特征,通过空间注意力消除局部感受野限制,通过通道注意力突出轻飘物类别的通道特征,将交叉注意力聚焦于目标模板与搜索图像信息,采用空间正则化滤波器抑制背景干扰,融合各部分特征实现对侵限轻飘物的跟踪。采用OTB100数据集进行精度与准度实验,以国家重点实验室试验线采集的数据为算例进行实验,通过消融实验验证了新方法的有效性。结果表明:相比于相关滤波类SRDCF算法和深度学习类SiamRPN++、DaSiamRPN算法,新方法可获得更好的鲁棒性和准确性。

基于MFDC-SSD网络的接触网定位线夹缺陷识别

针对接触网应用环境复杂,定位线夹体积小、安装方向特殊、不易识别,传统的目标检测算法效果较差等问题,基于多尺度特征融合密集连接网络模型,提出了一种接触网定位线夹缺陷检测新方法。首先结合DenseNet与Inception模块对SSD模型的特征提取网络进行改进,在特定的特征层间共享上下文信息,提升特征提取能力。然后从网络深层到浅层,逐级采用FPN融合SSD检测的多尺度特征图,设计多特征融合的密集连接网络模型,最后将f GIoU作为边框损失函数,在训练中优化真实框和预测框的重合度。对采集的某段接触网定位线夹图像数据集进行检测识别。结果表明:该定位线夹缺陷检测方法可在复杂接触网背景下,对定位线夹脱落和松动进行检测,且在不同角度、亮度的图像中均具有较强的鲁棒性。

大西高铁牵引供电系统提速方案研究

研究目的:大西高铁线下工程按时速350 km设计,时速250 km开通运营,拟提速至时速300 km。确定提速改造方案需对既有牵引供电系统供电能力及设备状况进行评估及校验,结合牵引负荷增长需求,按5 min、4 min追踪间隔对全线牵引网电压水平和接触网有效电流进行研究,通过牵引供电设施分布、牵引变压器容量和其他设备容量分析,确定设备补强方案;通过弓网仿真研究确定接触网系统张力,进而校核接触网基础容量及零部件的适应性并确定改造方案。研究结论:(1)经对既有牵引供电系统供电能力及设备仿真分析,既有供电设施分布满足提速要求,除西安北牵引变电所牵引变压器安装容量满足要求外,其余牵引变电所均需增容改造;(2)牵引变电所配电装置维持既有布置方案,对容量不满足要求的电流互感器和导线进行扩容改造;(3)接触悬挂线材维持既有型号,正线额定张力调整至28.5 kN+21 kN,同步改造部分接触网零部件;(4)本研究成果可为高速铁路牵引供电系统提速、达速及提质等类似工程提供借鉴和参考。

多频段共口径遥感信号接收天伺馈系统设计

针对多频段遥感信号接收系统对S/C/X/Ku/Ka五频段信号共口径接收、高精度指向和全空域过顶稳定跟踪需求,研制了一种多频段遥感信号接收天伺馈系统,解决了天线多频段共口径接收和波束窄、信号难捕获跟踪的技术难题。提出并采用“频率选择副面+旋转”换馈方式、高精度筋开槽微应力胶粘面板、时间最优的非线性多模自适应跟踪控制技术,实现了多频段信号高可靠共口径接收和高精度指向及稳定过顶跟踪。对塔测试结果表明,所设计的多频段共口径接收天伺馈系统具有优良的性能,天线增益、第一旁瓣电平、差波束零深、跟踪精度和指向精度等各项指标均满足指标要求;对星动态跟踪测试表明,Ka频段指向均方根误差优于0.0136°,Ka频段跟踪方位均方根误差优于0.0056°,俯仰均方根误差优于0.0045°。验证了所提天伺馈系统设计的有效性,可用于指导多频段大口径遥感接收天伺馈系统设计。

一种接触网停电检修接地线接地可靠性检测方法

挂接地线是接触网停电检修作业的关键环节,为电力检修提供有效保障。为进一步加强电力检修作业的安全风险管控,针对在接触网停电检修作业时现有检测装置无法检测接地线是否可靠接地的问题,提出一种利用接触线上的残余电荷和感应电压来检测接地线是否可靠接地的方法。建立单线区段和复线区段停电检修挂接地线时的等效电路模型,并将接触线的残余电荷和“V”形天窗检修的感应电压作为等效激励源,对接地线电流进行理论计算;研制基于该文方法的接地线接地状态检测装置,用以判断接地线是否良好接地;通过所搭建的电流发生平台进行实验,并通过LoRa自组网与原有系统通信,在后台远程监测接地线的状态信息。实验结果验证了所提方法的可行性。

存储系统中的局部修复阵列码模型

对于单容错和双容错的存储系统,在磁盘修复过程中发生的任何故障都可能引起数据丢失,导致修复失败,保证数据的修复效率对于存储系统的可靠性至关重要。RDP码在进行单盘故障修复时使用混合恢复算法能减少25%的读取总量,但是在进行双盘故障修复时需读取所有的元素。针对目前难以同时提升单双盘故障修复效率的问题,对RDP码进行拓展,提出了一种具有局部修复性质的阵列码模型——DRDP码。DRDP码在RDP码的基础上将部分数据列按水平线进行异或计算生成局部水平校验列,并将其参与到全局校验列的编码计算中,从而缩短了修复链,使其拥有局部修复的功能。通过理论分析,DRDP码拥有良好的编译码复杂度和更新效率,大幅节省了单盘故障修复读取开销,并对双盘故障修复读取开销进行了优化,同时能修复75%三盘故障的情况。实验结果表明,与RDP码、LRRDP码和RDP(p,3)码相比,DRDP码的编码时间可节省8.23%~32.89%、单盘故障修复时间可节省7.08%~35.01%、双盘故障修复时间可节省5.07%~29.26%。

融合图卷积与多尺度特征的接触网点云语义分割

准确的接触网语义分割结果对于接触网组件提取和几何参数检测具有重要的意义。实际上,接触网场景复杂,部件之间的尺寸差异较大,并且存在着较多语义信息接近且相连的部件,导致现有的深度学习方法难以高精度地完成接触网点云语义分割任务。基于上述问题,本文提出一种基于图卷积和多尺度特征的神经网络GDM-Net。该网络包含基于图的局部特征提取器,增强了对接触网点云局部特征提取;双重通道注意力模块,同时兼顾了接触网点云的全局和显著特征的提取;多尺度特征融合的细化模块,通过提取并融合接触网的多尺度信息,提升了分割精度。受益于上述几个模块,该网络提升了对于接触网部件交界处的点云分割能力。基于接触网数据集对该方法进行定性和定量的验证分析,GDM-Net相较于5种其他的点云深度学习方法,精度最高,OA、mIoU和F 1值这3个精度指标分别可以达到96.73%,91.06%和95.28%。定性比较表示,本文提出的网络可以有效减少部件连接部分的错分问题,提高接触网部件分割的完整性。

隧道内长大坡道区段刚性接触网短电分相设计方案

刚性接触网锚段关节仅有8~12 m,可大幅缩短关节式电分相长度,为解决丽香铁路3处隧道内长大坡道的电分相设计难题,文章通过借鉴柔性接触网关节式电分相设计方案,重点考虑绝缘锚段关节绝缘间隙、锚段热胀冷缩等因素,修正刚性悬挂锚段关节式电分相中性段和无电区长度,并结合工程实际条件,提出刚性接触网短分相设计方案,将电分相长度缩短至23 m,并通过弓网系统动态仿真验证其弓网动态特性可满足速度160 km/h要求。方案实施后,线路动态检测达速160 km/h,刚性接触网短电分段处无明显燃弧现象,各项动态指标满足标准要求。该方案的成功应用对速度120 km/h以上复杂工况线路的接触网电分相设计有重要借鉴意义。

10kV架空线路间隔棒安装机器人上下线辅助系统研究

针对已研发的10 kV架空线路相间间隔棒安装机器人需要在地面完成上线和下线的问题,综合考虑上线和下线过程中机器人的安全防坠落、吊装时吊环的防滑以及高空远距离完成摘钩和挂钩等操作,研究了适合远距离摘挂的吊环,选用了不同的上下线吊钩以及同步上线或下线的电动绞盘系统,上下线辅助系统由举升杆、新型吊环、上下线吊钩、电动绞盘等组成。通过模拟试验验证了方案的可行性,试验结果表明:本辅助系统可帮助工作人员在地面完成对10 kV架空线路相间复合间隔棒安装机器人的上下线操作。