Novel method for extraction of ship target with overlaps in SAR image via EM algorithm

The quality of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image degrades in the case of multiple imaging projection planes(IPPs)and multiple overlapping ship targets,and then the performance of target classification and recognition can be influenced.For addressing this issue,a method for extracting ship targets with overlaps via the expectation maximization(EM)algorithm is pro-posed.First,the scatterers of ship targets are obtained via the target detection technique.Then,the EM algorithm is applied to extract the scatterers of a single ship target with a single IPP.Afterwards,a novel image amplitude estimation approach is pro-posed,with which the radar image of a single target with a sin-gle IPP can be generated.The proposed method can accom-plish IPP selection and targets separation in the image domain,which can improve the image quality and reserve the target information most possibly.Results of simulated and real mea-sured data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

International Standardization of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology:Overlaps,Gaps and Challenges

As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies.It has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust system.As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real economy.At the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic development.Therefore,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the technology.From the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization organizations.All blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the characteristics of international blockchain technology standards and industry application standards.Through data analysis,the overlaps,differences and conflicts in the field of international blockchain standard formulation are sorted out,and suggestions for blockchain standardization work in the application and development of blockchain technology standardization by international organizations and industries are put forward.The plans and layouts of future international standards are summarized to help the development of the international standardization of blockchain.

Scheduling and control of failure prone systems with demand uncertainty and job overlaps

Given that the overlapping of jobs is permitted, the paper studies the scheduling and control of failure prone production systems, i.e. so-called settings with demand uncertainty and job overlaps. Because a variable demand resource is involved in the production and corrective maintenance control problems of the system, which switched randomly between zero and a maximum level, it is difficult to obtain the analytical solutions of the optimal single hedging point policy. An asymptotic optimal scheduling policy is presented and a double hedging point policy is offered to control simultaneously the production rate and the corrective maintenance rate of the system. The corresponding analytical solutions and approximate solutions are obtained. Considering the relationship of production, corrective maintenance and demand variable, an approximate optimal single hedging point control policy is proposed. Numerical results are presented.

Overlap吻合与π吻合在全腹腔镜全胃切除术中的应用

目的:比较Overlap吻合与π吻合在全腹腔镜全胃切除术(TLTG)中的应用效果。方法:选择2019年2月至2022年2月在成都市第五人民医院行TLTG的胃癌患者98例,根据食管空肠吻合方式分为Overlap吻合组(n=56)和π吻合组(n=42)。比较两组围手术期指标(手术时间、吻合时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、术后肛门排气时间、术后拔除引流管时间、术后住院时间、肿瘤上缘至食管切缘距离),吻合口相关并发症(吻合口出血、吻合口狭窄、吻合口漏)与随访并发症(吻合口溃疡、倾倒综合征、反流性食管炎、营养不良)发生情况,以及术前与术后3个月整体营养状况主观评估量表(PG-SGA)评分与营养状况客观指标(血红蛋白、白蛋白、总蛋白)水平的变化。结果:Overlap吻合组手术时间[(230.36±25.12)min vs(205.58±20.43)min]、吻合时间[(43.22±6.15)min vs(27.45±5.36)min]均长于π吻合组(P<0.05);两组吻合口相关并发症、随访并发症发生率及术前、术后3个月PG-SGA量表评分与营养状况客观指标水平的变化差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Overlap吻合和π吻合在TLTG术中各有优势,π吻合可缩短手术时间和吻合时间。

右半结肠癌根治术中全腹腔镜下Overlap吻合的短期疗效及并发症分析

目的:通过对比全腹腔镜下顺蠕动侧侧吻合(Overlap吻合)与腹腔外吻合相关临床资料及短期疗效,探究腹腔内吻合在右半结肠癌根治术中的临床疗效及价值。方法:回顾性选择2021年01月至2023年12月我院胃肠与疝外科收治的腹腔镜右半结肠癌根治术患者临床资料,共计92例纳入临床研究。其中采用腹腔内Overlap吻合的患者为ICA组;采用腹腔外端侧吻合为ECA组。收集并分析两组患者临床资料,讨论全腹腔镜下Overlap吻合安全性及短期临床疗效差异。结果:纳入患者一般资料差异无统计学意义(P值>0.05)。手术资料方面,ICA组手术时间[(185.83±27.55)min;P=0.026]与吻合时间[(33.86±4.05)min;P<0.001]均显著长于ECA组,切口长度方面[(4.86±0.84)cm;P<0.001]ICA组显著短于ECA组。而术中出血、清扫淋巴结总数两组差异无统计学意义。术后康复方面,ICA组首次排气时间[(2.55±0.55)天;P=0.001]、首次进流质时间[(3.38±0.62)天;P<0.001]、下床时间[(2.71±0.55)天;P=0.006]、术后住院时间[(7.67±1.26)天;P=0.019]均优于ECA组,且ICA组术后引流量[(277.74±147.68)mL;P=0.017]显著少于ECA组。在术后第3天,ICA组疼痛VAS评分(3.19±0.77;P=0.04)低于ECA组。术后炎症指标方面,两组术后C反应蛋白、中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)均无统计学差异(P值>0.05)。在手术后并发症方面,总并发症发生率、吻合口瘘、腹腔感染、腹腔出血、吻合口出血、切口感染、肺部感染、术后肠梗阻、术后胃瘫两组并无统计学差异(P值>0.05)。结论:全腹腔镜下Overlap吻合安全可行,具有术后肠道功能恢复更快、创伤更小等优势,手术疗效与传统腔镜辅助手术效果相当,且不会增加短期并发症发生率。

Overlapping approach Proton Pump Inhibitors/Nux vomica-Heel as new intervention for gastro-esophageal reflux management:Delphi consensus study

BACKGROUND Gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD)may affect the upper digestive tract;up to 20%of population in Western nations are affected by GERD.Antacids,histamine H2-receptor antagonists,and Proton Pump Inhibitors(PPIs)are considered the referring medications for GERD.Nevertheless,PPIs must be managed carefully because their use,especially chronic,could be linked with some adverse effects.An effective and safe alternative pharmacological tool for GERD is needed.After the identification of potentially new medications to flank PPIs,it is mandatory to revise and improve good clinical practices even through a consensus process.AIM To optimize diagnosis and treatment guidelines for GERD through a consensus based on Delphi method.METHODS The availability of clinical studies describing the action of the multicomponent/multitarget medication Nux vomica-Heel,subject of the consensus,is the basic prerequisite for the consensus itself.A modified Delphi process was used to reach a consensus among a panel of Italian GERD specialists on the overlapping approach PPIs/Nux vomica-Heel as a new intervention model for the management of GERD.The Voting Consensus group was composed of 49 Italian Medical Doctors with different specializations:Gastroenterology,otolaryngology,geriatrics,and general medicine.A scientific committee analyzed the literature,determined areas that required investigation(in agreement with the multiple-choice questionnaire results),and identified two topics of interest:(1)GERD disease;and(2)GERD treatment.Statements for each of these topics were then formulated and validated.The Delphi process involved two rounds of questioning submitted to the panel experts using an online platform.RESULTS According to their routinary GERD practice and current clinical evidence,the panel members provided feedback to each questionnaire statement.The experts evaluated 15 statements and reached consensus on all 15.The statements regarding the GERD disease showed high levels of agreement,with consensus ranging from 70%to 92%.The statements regarding the GERD treatment also showed very high levels of agreement,with consensus ranging from 90%to 100%.This Delphi process was able to reach consensus among physicians in relevant aspects of GERD management,such as the adoption of a new approach to treat patients with GERD based on the overlapping between PPIs and Nux vomica-Heel.The consensus was unanimous among the physicians with different specializations,underlying the uniqueness of the agreement reached to identify in the overlapping approach between PPIs and Nux vomica-Heel a new intervention model for GERD management.The results support that an effective approach to deprescribe PPIs through a progressive decalage timetable(reducing PPIs administration to as-needed use),should be considered.CONCLUSION Nux vomica-Heel appears to be a valid opportunity for GERD treatment to favor the deprescription of PPIs and to maintain low disease activity together with the symptomatology remission.

Large-Scale Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm Based on Weighted Overlapping Grouping of Decision Variables

The large-scale multi-objective optimization algorithm(LSMOA),based on the grouping of decision variables,is an advanced method for handling high-dimensional decision variables.However,in practical problems,the interaction among decision variables is intricate,leading to large group sizes and suboptimal optimization effects;hence a large-scale multi-objective optimization algorithm based on weighted overlapping grouping of decision variables(MOEAWOD)is proposed in this paper.Initially,the decision variables are perturbed and categorized into convergence and diversity variables;subsequently,the convergence variables are subdivided into groups based on the interactions among different decision variables.If the size of a group surpasses the set threshold,that group undergoes a process of weighting and overlapping grouping.Specifically,the interaction strength is evaluated based on the interaction frequency and number of objectives among various decision variables.The decision variable with the highest interaction in the group is identified and disregarded,and the remaining variables are then reclassified into subgroups.Finally,the decision variable with the strongest interaction is added to each subgroup.MOEAWOD minimizes the interactivity between different groups and maximizes the interactivity of decision variables within groups,which contributed to the optimized direction of convergence and diversity exploration with different groups.MOEAWOD was subjected to testing on 18 benchmark large-scale optimization problems,and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.Compared with the other algorithms,our method is still at an advantage.

Autoimmune hepatitis-primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome complicated by various autoimmune diseases:A case report

BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)and primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)are two common clinical autoimmune liver diseases,and some patients have both diseases;this feature is called AIH-PBC overlap syndrome.Autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD)is the most frequently overlapping extrahepatic autoimmune disease.Immunoglobulin(IgG)4-related disease is an autoimmune disease recognized in recent years,characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels and infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in tissues.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old female patient was admitted with a history of right upper quadrant pain,anorexia,and jaundice on physical examination.Laboratory examination revealed elevated liver enzymes,multiple positive autoantibodies associated with liver and thyroid disease,and imaging and biopsy suggestive of pancreatitis,hepatitis,and PBC.A diagnosis was made of a rare and complex overlap syndrome of AIH,PBC,AITD,and IgG4-related disease.Laboratory features improved on treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid,methylprednisolone,and azathioprine.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of screening patients with autoimmune diseases for related conditions.

Overlapping infections of Mycobacterium canariasense and Nocardia farcinica in an immunocompetent patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Infections by non-tuberculous mycobacteria(NTM)have become more common in recent years.Mycobacterium canariasense(M.canariasense)was first reported as an opportunistic pathogen in 2004,but there have been very few case reports since then.Nocardia is a genus of aerobic and Gram-positive bacilli,and these species are also opportunistic pathogens and in the Mycobacteriales order.Conventional methods for diagnosis of NTM are inefficient.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)can rapidly detect many pathogenic microorganisms,even rare species.Most NTM and Nocardia infections occur in immunocompromised patients with atypical clinical symptoms.There are no previous reports of infection by M.canariasense and Nocardia farcinica(N.farcinica),especially in immunocompetent patients.This case report describes an immunocompetent 52-year-old woman who had overlapping infections of M.canariasense,N.farcinica,and Candida parapsilosis(C.parapsilosis)based on mNGS.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman presented with a productive cough and chest pain for 2 wk,and recurrent episodes of moderate-grade fever for 1 wk.She received antibiotics for 1 wk at a local hospital,and experienced defervescence,but the productive cough and chest pain persisted.We collected samples of a lung lesion and alveolar lavage fluid for mNGS.The lung tissue was positive for M.canariasense,N.farcinica,and C.parapsilosis,and the alveolar lavage fluid was positive for M.canariasense.The diagnosis was pneumonia,and application of appropriate antibiotic therapy cured the patient.CONCLUSION Etiological diagnosis is critical for patients with infectious diseases.mNGS can identify rare and novel pathogens,and does not require a priori knowledge.

Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes

BACKGROUND Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes(AILDOS)compared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is unclear.AIM To investigate the survival of patients with AILDOS and assess the accuracy of non-invasive serum models for predicting liver-related death.METHODS Patients with AILDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap(AIH-PBC)or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap(AIH-PSC)and were identified from three tertiary centres for this cohort study.Liver-related death or transplantation(liver-related mortality)was determined using a population-based data linkage system.Prognostic scores for liver-related death were compared for accuracy[including liver outcome score(LOS),Hepascore,Mayo Score,model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score and MELD incorporated with serum sodium(MELD-Na)score].RESULTS Twenty-two AILDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years(range,0.35-7.7).Fourteen were female,the median age was 46.7 years(range,17.8 to 82.1)and median Hepascore was 1(range,0.07-1).At five years post enrolment,57%of patients remained free from liver-related mortality(74%AIH-PBC,27%AIH-PSC).There was no significant difference in survival between AIH-PBC and AIH-PSC.LOS was a significant predictor of liver-related mortality(P<0.05)in patients with AIH-PBC(n=14)but not AIH-PSC(n=8).A LOS cut-point of 6 discriminated liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients(P=0.012,log-rank test,100%sensitivity,77.8%specificity)(Harrell's C-statistic 0.867).The MELD score,MELD-Na score and Mayo Score were not predictive of liver-related mortality in any group.CONCLUSION Survival in the rare,AILDOS is unclear.The current study supports the LOS as a predictor of liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients.Further trials investigating predictors of survival in AILDOS are required.

Real-Time Mosaic Method of Aerial Video Based on Two-Stage Key Frame Selection Method

A two-stage automatic key frame selection method is proposed to enhance stitching speed and quality for UAV aerial videos. In the first stage, to reduce redundancy, the overlapping rate of the UAV aerial video sequence within the sampling period is calculated. Lagrange interpolation is used to fit the overlapping rate curve of the sequence. An empirical threshold for the overlapping rate is then applied to filter candidate key frames from the sequence. In the second stage, the principle of minimizing remapping spots is used to dynamically adjust and determine the final key frame close to the candidate key frames. Comparative experiments show that the proposed method significantly improves stitching speed and accuracy by more than 40%.

The Practical Path of Labor Curriculum in Compulsory Education in China from the Perspective of Overlapping Influence Domain Theory

Since the new curriculum reform,labor education has gradually shed its marginalized position in the“five educations,”and the labor curriculum has become an independent course officially separated from comprehensive practical activity courses.Exploring the practical path of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China has become the primary task of labor education in China.Based on the practical situation of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China,drawing on the theory of overlapping influence domains,and from the perspective of collaborative education among family,school,and community,this paper proposes a curriculum practical path of“school-led”family-school-community collaboration and a curriculum practical path guided by“student-centered”sentiment,in order to provide references for the practice of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China.

GRAPH-DIRECTED STRUCTURES OFSELF-SIMILAR SETS WITH OVERLAPSGRAPH-DIRECTED STRUCTURES OFSELF-SIMILAR SETS WITH OVERLAPSS

Some kinds of the self-similar sets with overlapping structures are studied by introducing the graph-directed constructions satisfying the open set condition that coincide with these sets. In this way, the dimensions and the measures are obtained.

DIMENSIONS OF SELF-AFFINE SETS WITH OVERLAPS

The authora develop an algorithm to show that a class of self-affine sets with overlaps can be viewed as sofic affine-invariant sets without overlaps,thus by using the results of [11] and [10],the hausdorff and minkowski dimensions are detemined

CLUSTERING PATENTS USING NON-EXHAUSTIVE OVERLAPS

Patent documents are unique external sources of information that reveal the core technology underlying new inventions. Patents also serve as a strategic data source that can be mined to discover state-of-the-art technical development and subsequently help guide R＆D investments. This research incorporates an ontology schema to extract and represent patent concepts. A clustering algorithm with non-exhaustive overlaps is proposed to overcome deficiencies with exhaustive clustering methods used in patent mining and technology discovery. The non-exhaustive clustering approach allows for the clustering of patent documents with overlapping technical findings and claims, a feature that enables the grouping of patents that define related key innovations. Legal advisors can use this approach to study potential cases of patent infringement or devise strategies to avoid litigation. The case study demonstrates the use of non-exhaustive overlaps algorithm by clustering US and Japan radio frequency identification （RFID） patents and by analyzing the legal implications of automated discovery of patent infringement.

Overlap maximum matching ratio （OMMR）： a new measure to evaluate overlaps of essential modules

Protein complexes are the basic units of macro-molecular organizations and help us to understand the cell's mechanism.The development of the yeast two-hybrid,tandem affinity purification,and mass spectrometry high-throughput proteomic techniques supplies a large amount of protein-protein interaction data,which make it possible to predict overlapping complexes through computational methods.Research shows that overlapping complexes can contribute to identifying essential proteins,which are necessary for the organism to survive and reproduce,and for life's activities.Scholars pay more attention to the evaluation of protein complexes.However,few of them focus on predicted overlaps.In this paper,an evaluation criterion called overlap maximum matching ratio(OMMR) is proposed to analyze the similarity between the identified overlaps and the benchmark overlap modules.Comparison of essential proteins and gene ontology(GO) analysis are also used to assess the quality of overlaps.We perform a comprehensive comparison of serveral overlapping complexes prediction approaches,using three yeast protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks.We focus on the analysis of overlaps identified by these algorithms.Experimental results indicate the important of overlaps and reveal the relationship between overlaps and identification of essential proteins.

LOAN ME A WORD The unexpected overlaps between English and Chinese

For English-speakers learning Mandarin,easy words are few and far between–and should be appreciated when they crop up.“Sofa”is shāfā,“mango”is mángguǒ.The Venn diagram between English and Chinese always feels like the middle,shared section is preciously small–but,in fact,the two languages have more in common than you might think.

GRAPH-DIRECTED STRUCTURES OFSELF-SIMILAR SETS WITH OVERLAPSGRAPH-DIRECTED STRUCTURES OFSELF-SIMILAR SETS WITH OVERLAPSS

Some kinds of the self-similar sets with overlapping structures are studied by introducing the graph-directed constructions satisfying the open set condition that coincide with these sets. In this way, the dimensions and the measures are obtained.

Overlap吻合术对腹腔镜胃癌消化道重建和并发症及患者生活质量的影响

目的:研究完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合overlap吻合术对消化道重建、并发症及患者生活质量的影响。方法:选取2019年6月至2021年12月于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院接受诊治的110例胃癌患者为研究对象。根据不同手术方式分为对照组(传统腹腔镜胃癌根治术,n=60)与观察组(完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合overlap吻合术,n=50),比较2组手术疗效及并发症,并采用胃肠道生活质量表(Gastrointestinal Quality of Life,GIQLI)评估生活质量。结果:观察组手术全程用时、消化道重建用时、总失血量均少于对照组(均P<0.05);2组肿瘤大小、淋巴结清扫数比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。观察组术后排气时间、流食进食时间、下地时间均少于对照组(均P<0.05);2组住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。随访6个月,2组GIQLI各维度得分及总分均高于出院当天(均P<0.05),观察组GIQLI各维度得分及总分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:完全腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合overlap吻合术能有效重建消化道,减少并发症,改善生活质量。

改良Overlap吻合术在SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌全腹腔镜消化道重建中的临床应用价值

目的探讨改良Overlap吻合术与传统管型吻合术在腹腔镜下SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌全胃切除术后消化道重建中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年10月兰州大学第二医院普外科收治的125例SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌患者的临床资料,患者均完成腹腔镜下全胃切除术+D2淋巴结清扫,其中50例患者消化道重建采用改良Overlap吻合术进行食管空肠吻合,75例患者行管型吻合器吻合。比较两种吻合术手术相关及临床效果指标的差异。结果改良Overlap吻合组与管型吻合器吻合组在术后通气时间、术后首次进食时间、淋巴结清扫数及术中出血量等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者手术总时间、消化道重建时间、术后并发症总发生率(吻合口出血)等方面差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良Overlap吻合术可以在全腹腔镜下完成,操作视野良好,步骤简便可行,术后并发症少,具有较高的安全性,具有临床应用推广价值。