Quantifying the Role of the Eddy Transfer Coefficient in Simulating the Response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation to Enhanced Westerlies in a Coarse-resolution Model

This study assesses the capability of a coarse-resolution ocean model to replicate the response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation(MOC) to intensified westerlies,focusing on the role of the eddy transfer coefficient(κ).κ is a parameter commonly used to represent the velocities induced by unresolved eddies.Our findings reveal that a stratification-dependent κ,incorporating spatiotemporal variability,leads to the most robust eddy-induced MOC response,capturing 82% of the reference eddy-resolving simulation.Decomposing the eddy-induced velocity into its vertical variation(VV) and spatial structure(SS) components unveils that the enhanced eddy compensation response primarily stems from an augmented SS term,while the introduced VV term weakens the response.Furthermore,the temporal variability of the stratification-dependent κ emerges as a key factor in enhancing the eddy compensation response to intensified westerlies.The experiment with stratification-dependent κ exhibits a more potent eddy compensation response compared to the constant κ,attributed to the structure of κ and the vertical variation of the density slope.These results underscore the critical role of accurately representing κ in capturing the response of the Southern Ocean MOC and emphasize the significance of the isopycnal slope in modulating the eddy compensation mechanism.

Study on the Influence of Aspect Ratio on the Seismic Response and Overturning Resistance of a New Staggered Story Isolated Structure

The aspect ratio of the structure has a significant impact on the overall stability of the ultra high-rise building. A large aspect ratio of the structure increases the risk of overturning and reduces the lateral stiffness of the structure, leading to significant tensile and compressive stresses in the isolated bearings. To study the effect of aspect ratio on the seismic response and overturning resistance of a new staggered story isolated structure, three models with different aspect ratios were established. Nonlinear time-history analysis of the three models was conducted using ETABS finite element software. The results indicate that the overturning moment and overturning resistance moment of the superstructure in the new staggered story isolated structure increase with an increasing aspect ratio. However, the increase in the overturning moment of the superstructure is much greater than the increase in the overturning resistance moment, resulting in a decrease in the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure with an increasing aspect ratio. The overturning moment and overturning resistance moment of the substructure in the new staggered story isolated structure decrease with an increasing aspect ratio. However, the decrease in the overturning moment of the substructure is greater than the decrease in the overturning resistance moment, leading to an increase in the overturning resistance ratio of the substructure with an increasing aspect ratio. The decrease in the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure in the new staggered story isolated structure is much greater than the increase in the overturning resistance ratio of the substructure. Therefore, as the aspect ratio of the overall structure increases, the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure and the entire structure decreases.

Numerical simulations of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)from OMIP experiments and its sensitivity to surface forcing

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)plays an important role in transporting heat meridionally in the Earth’s climate system and is also a key metrical tool to verify oceanic general circulation models.Two OMIP(Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 1 and 2)simulations with LICOM3(version 3 of the LASG/IAP Climate System Ocean Model)developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG),Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP),are compared in this study.Both simulations well reproduce the fundamental characteristics of the AMOC,but the OMIP1 simulation shows a significantly stronger AMOC than the OMIP2 simulation.Because the LICOM3 configurations are identical between these two experiments,any differences between them must be attributed to the surface forcing data.Further analysis suggests that sea surface salinity(SSS)differences should be mainly responsible for the enhanced AMOC in the OMIP1 simulation,but sea surface temperature(SST)also play an unignorable role in modulating AMOC.In the North Atlantic,where deep convection occurs,the SSS in OMIP1 is more saline than that in OMIP1.We find that in the major region of deep convection,the change of SSS has more significant effect on density than the change of SST.As a result,the SSS was more saline than that in OMIP2,leading to stronger deep convection and subsequently intensify the AMOC.We conduct a series of numerical experiments with LICOM3,and the results confirmed that the changes in SSS have more significant effect on the strength of AMOC than the changes in SST.

锚杆倒肋式风机基础受力性能的数值模拟

为了解决风机基础施工成本高、施工难度大等问题,提出了一种新型锚杆倒肋式风机基础。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对该新型风机基础与传统梁板式风机基础在极端运行荷载工况下的混凝土应力、钢筋应力、基础位移以及基础倾斜率进行数值模拟分析,并进一步讨论二者的混凝土用量、钢筋用量、土方开挖量。结果表明,锚杆的添加以及倒肋的结构设计使锚杆倒肋式风机基础的受力性能、经济性等方面明显优于传统梁板式风机基础,具有较好的应用前景。

框架承担倾覆力矩的合理计算方法

为理清框架倾覆力矩的相关概念区别,并给出各自合理计算方法,对计算框架、支撑、框架+支撑、局部框架或者局部框架+支撑倾覆力矩的统一解法进行总结,给出相应的力学法。指出框架倾覆力矩和框架承担倾覆力矩之间的显著区别,给出两者的异同以及建筑结构中框架承担倾覆力矩的计算原则,并进一步给出合理计算框架承担倾覆力矩的方法,即修正的统一解法。修正的统一解法适用于一般建筑结构和带竖向构件转换的结构,也适用于带伸臂框架-核心筒结构。最后对典型结构算例的框架承担倾覆力矩进行计算分析,结果合理可行。

跨线转体桥施工抗倾覆技术研究现状及展望

在我国交通强国战略背景下,伴随公共交通建设力度的进一步提升,交叉线路变得越来越频繁。在跨越既有铁路开展桥梁工程建设时,为不影响铁路线路的正常运营,大多选用桥梁转体施工方案。为保障转体桥梁施工的安全,亟需系统梳理和总结桥梁转体施工抗倾覆难点及现有抗倾覆关键技术。通过调研国内外平转型转体桥工程实例及对相关文献进行分析与研究,分别从桥梁结构不平衡因素、转体结构所受外荷载影响及转体桥梁的施工工艺三方面进行研究,分析现有跨线转体桥梁施工技术抗倾覆难点,结合当前最新研究成果及较为先进的施工工法,总结专家学者提出的桥梁转体施工抗倾覆关键技术。最后对桥梁转体施工抗倾覆新技术进行展望,提出基于北斗技术下桥梁转体姿态实时动态监测技术与基于机器学习算法下,对转体桥梁的动态位移及结构损伤快速且精确识别的构思,为平转型桥梁转体施工抗倾覆研究的进一步发展提供了一定的研究思路,对平转型桥梁转体工程建设抗倾覆具有一定参考与借鉴意义。

一种高速A/D转换器时域重构技术研究

A/D转换器在航空航天系统中的重要元器件,随着器件转换时钟频率不断提高而其工作环境不断恶化,如何准确测试其时间参数对于全面评价A/D转换器性能特别重要。目前对于高速A/D转换器时间参数测试,主流方法是通过示波器直接测试其输出,该方法对于示波器采样速度要求比较高。文章提出一种高速A/D转换器时域重构技术,可以通过计算机数字信号处理方法来实现高速A/D转换器时间参数测试,同时避免对示波器采样速度的依赖。同时,在研究高速A/D转换器时域重构技术方法及其应用的基础上,通过了相关试验验证。

Safety Risk Assessment of Overturning Construction of Towering Structure Based on Cloud Matter–Element Coupled Model

Rapid urbanization has led to a surge in the number of towering structures,and overturning is widely used because it can better accommodate the construction of shaped structures such as variable sections.The complexity of the construction process makes the construction risk have certain randomness,so this paper proposes a cloudbased coupled matter-element model to address the ambiguity and randomness in the safety risk assessment of overturning construction of towering structures.In the pretended model,the digital eigenvalues of the cloud model are used to replace the eigenvalues in the matter–element basic element,and calculate the cloud correlation of the risk assessment metrics through the correlation algorithm of the cloud model to build the computational model.Meanwhile,the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model is used to determine the weight of the index.The comprehensive evaluation scores of the evaluation event are then obtained through the weighted average method,and the safety risk level is determined accordingly.Through empirical analysis,(1)the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model can incorporate the data of multiple decisionmakers into the calculation formula to determine theweights,which makes the assessment resultsmore credible;(2)the evaluation results of the cloud-basedmatter-element coupledmodelmethod are basically consistent with those of the other two commonly used methods,and the confidence factor is less than 0.05,indicating that the cloudbased physical element coupled model method is reasonable and practical for towering structure overturning;(3)the cloud-based coupled element model method,which confirms the reliability of risk level by performing Spearman correlation on comprehensive assessment scores,can provide more comprehensive information of instances compared with other methods,and more comprehensively reflects the fuzzy uncertainty relationship between assessment indexes,which makes the assessment results more realistic,scientific and reliable.

The seasonal variation of the North Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation heat transport

Based on the 50-year Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis data, we investigated the basic characteristics and seasonal changes of the meridional heat transport carried by the North Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation. And we also examined the dynamical and thermodynamic mechanisms responsible for these heat transport variability at the seasonal time scale. Among four cells, the tropical cell (TC) is strongest with a northward heat transport (NHT) of (1.75±0.30) PW (1 PW=1.0×10^15 W) and a southward heat transport (SHT) of (-1.69±0.55) PW, the subtropical cell (STC) is second with a NHT of (0.71±0.65) PW and SHT of (-0.63±0.53) PW, the deep tropical cell (DTC) is third with a NHT of (0.18±0.03) PW and SHT of (-0.18±0.11) PW, while the subpolar cell (SPC) is weakest with a NHT of (0.09±0.05) PW and SHT of (-0.07±0.09) PW. These four cells all have diff erent seasonal changes in their NHT and SHT. Of all, the TC has stronger change in its SHT than in its NHT, so do both the DTC and SPC, but the seasonal change in the STC SHT is weaker than that in its NHT. Therefore, their dynamical and thermodynamic mechanisms are diff erent each other. The local zonal wind stress and net surface heat flux are mainly responsible for the seasonal changes in the TC and STC NHTs and SPC SHT, while the local thermocline circulations and sea temperature are primarily responsible for the seasonal changes of the TC, STC and DTC SHTs and SPC NHT.

施氮对田菁翻压还田滩涂盐渍土碳氮及细菌群落结构的影响

为探讨不同施氮处理下田菁翻压还田对滩涂盐渍土的改良效果,通过田间小区试验研究了不同施氮水平下(CK、SN1、SN2、SN3、SN4对应的施氮量分别为0、90、135、180、225 kg/hm^(2))绿肥田菁还田对土壤碳氮、pH、水溶性盐和细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:SN3处理下田菁生物量和碳、氮累积量最高,分别为41 882、3 756和101.5 kg/hm^(2)。作绿肥翻压还田后,则以SN2处理土壤有机碳、全氮含量最高,分别为6.51 g/kg和0.637 g/kg。各施氮处理下,田菁翻压后土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量低于CK处理。随田菁翻压量的增加,土壤pH呈逐步下降趋势,而土壤水溶性盐总量则随施氮水平和翻压量的增加而上升,但较种植前明显降低。不同施氮处理田菁翻压后,土壤中具有一定有机降解功能的变形菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门等细菌类群占据主导地位,且相对丰度随田菁翻压量的增加呈一定变化趋势,但细菌群落结构变化不明显。土壤门水平优势菌群相对丰度与土壤碳氮含量、pH和水溶性盐总量等指标均呈一定的相关关系,其中以拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、蓝菌门、绿弯菌门和迷踪菌门相对丰度与土壤有机碳和全氮含量的相关性较显著。综上所述,SN2处理下田菁翻压还田可显著提升滩涂土壤有机碳和全氮含量;不同施氮水平下生长的田菁翻压还田后,土壤水溶性盐总量均较种植前显著降低,主要优势菌群均有利于绿肥降解与土壤培肥,改善滩涂土壤微生态环境。

基于频域分析的高速列车侧风倾覆机理

侧风作用下列车的动态环境以轮轨相互作用为主向,以空气动力作用为主演变,列车的侧风倾覆行为成为威胁列车行车安全性的主要诱因.首先,采用精细化车-轨耦合模型开展列车侧风倾覆的频域特性分析,以明确侧风倾覆响应对列车模型的敏感性;基于考虑模态特性的频域分析框架,推导脉动风及轨道不平顺与列车倾覆动力响应间的传递函数,结合相应参数进行分析,以直观揭示列车的侧风倾覆机理.结果表明:列车倾覆行为受绕车体下心侧滚模态和车体沉浮模态控制影响,其风荷载影响要明显大于轨道不平顺;在轨道不平顺激励下,第一阶模态贡献主要由轨向不平顺引起,第二阶模态贡献主要由高低不平顺引起,在脉动风荷载激励下,其顺风向脉动风分量起主要贡献;车速、风速和风向角的增大都会引起列车动力响应的增大,进而降低列车安全运营时的最大允许风速;失效概率的增大会降低动力响应的极值,进而提高安全运营风速.

Modeling geologically abrupt climate changes in the Miocene: Potential effects of high-latitudinal salinity changes

The cooling of the Cenozoic, including the Miocene epoch, was punctuated by many geologically abrupt warming and cooling episodes— strong deviations from the cooling trend with time span of ten to hundred thousands of years. Our working hypothesis is that some of those warming episodes at least partially might have been caused by dynamics of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which, in turn, might have caused strong changes of sea surface salinity in the Miocene Southern Ocean. Feasibility of this hypothesis is explored in a series of offline-coupled ocean-atmosphere computer experiments. The results suggest that relatively small and geologically short-lived changes in freshwater balance in the Southern Ocean could have significantly contributed to at least two prominent warming episodes in the Miocene. Importantly, the scenario-based experiments also suggest that the Southern Ocean was more sensitive to the salinity changes in the Miocene than today, which can attributed to the opening of the Central American Isthmus as a major difference between the Miocene and the present-day ocean-sea geometry.

大跨高空拱桥负载行走拱上吊机设计与应用

以重庆城口至开州高速公路蓼子特大桥主梁安装工程中运用的创新性拱上吊机为研究对象,建立了悬链线下吊机运行的受力模型,通过设置拱肋参数与吊机结构几何参数并开发程序作为计算手段,深入研究了吊机曲线运行中的受力机制与抗倾覆性能。基于计算结果,确定了合理的设计参数范围,为吊机设计和进一步优化提供可靠的依据。同时,结合蓼子特大桥的实际情况,总结了拱上吊机的适用范围和运行条件,为未来大跨高空拱桥上的应用提供了有价值的参考。

扣件系统横向刚度及抗倾翻试验研究:以WJ-8型扣件为例

为了对扣件系统横向刚度及抗倾翻性能进行研究,首先借鉴等间隔弹性点支承梁模型分析钢轨横向力学行为;然后,考虑钢轨自身截面特性,推导扣件系统横向刚度及抗倾翻系数计算公式;最后,设计并进行1组及3组WJ-8型扣件横向加载试验,验证分析及推导的合理性。试验结果表明:当钢轨整体扭转中心为轨底中心点时,钢轨自身扭转不可忽略,钢轨横向力及扭矩的传递过程都是非线性过程;1组及3组扣件试验得到的位移相对误差不超过6.8%,转角相对误差不超过9.5%;3组扣件试验允许加载范围更大,且更适用于非对称式扣件;WJ-8型扣件钢轨横移过程可按扣件横向反力的组成划分为钢轨滑移、线性变形和非线性变形3个阶段,钢轨倾翻过程可按钢轨轨底与轨下垫板接触形式划分为钢轨脱离和整体倾翻2个阶段。扣件横向刚度及抗倾翻系数可通过横向力-位移曲线、扭矩-转角曲线确定。

2022年泸定地震某隔震建筑内非结构构件震害模拟分析

2022年9月5日四川泸定地震中,位于震中近断层场地的一栋采用隔震设计的建筑内部非结构构件发生不同程度的破坏。非结构构件作为整体结构经济价值最重要的组成部分,减小其地震损伤对于建筑震后功能恢复至关重要。为此,在介绍该建筑内部非结构构件主要震害的基础上,采用二阶段级联方法对非结构件在地震中的具体运动响应进行模拟。第1阶段,在Etabs中建立一8层框架–剪力墙结构有限元模型,基于实测邻近台站近断层强震记录的非线性地震反应分析,模拟该建筑各楼层地震响应;第2阶段,以建筑内部文件柜等常见浮放式非结构构件为原型,在OpenSees中建立零长度转角弹簧模型,以上一阶段的结构楼面加速度响应作为输入,模拟建筑内部不同尺寸高宽比非结构构件的摇晃与倾覆响应,并同时考虑水平单向输入与水平–竖向双向输入两种方式,重点考察近断层地震强竖向分量的影响。结果表明:隔震层能有效降低上部结构的水平楼面加速度响应,但竖向楼面峰值加速度相比竖向地面峰值加速度被显著放大;水平与竖向激励同时输入下浮放式设备的摇晃角度与倾覆概率大于水平单向激励输入的情况,考虑竖向激励的作用后会增大浮放式设备的倾覆破坏风险。因此,在近断层场地进行建筑抗震设计时,强竖向地面运动对建筑内部非结构构件的影响不容忽视。

冲击载荷下浮放包装件摇摆特性和倾覆风险研究

浮放包装件运输过程中,在冲击载荷下可能产生倾覆,严重威胁着运输安全,分析浮放包装件在纵向冲击载荷下的倾覆风险对于确保运输安全十分重要。采用基于指数函数的分段函数模拟车辆制动产生的单峰值钟形冲击加速度,构建浮放包装件在纵向冲击载荷下摇摆运动方程式。对于宽高比角度α较小的包装件,线性化运动方程式,分别在β≠pT和β=pT两种情况下推导包装件摇摆运动方程式和倾覆边界条件,分析结果表明,在自由响应阶段,包装件更容易倾覆。对于宽高比角度α较大的包装件,基于对包装件摇摆运动方程式的能量分析,构建包装件非线性摇摆倾覆边界条件,模拟结果表明,该近似分析法具有良好的准确性。

构件承担倾覆力矩的计算方法

基于楼层构件的弯矩平衡方程,推导了抗规框架部分承担倾覆力矩的计算公式(简称抗规公式)。给出了抗规公式的解释,把抗规公式拓展到有斜杆的结构和坡楼(屋)面的结构。有斜杆的结构,抗规公式中的剪力取斜杆的水平分力;坡楼(屋)面结构,抗规公式的楼层高度取相邻楼层水平荷载合力作用点高度的差值。文献中基于轴力的框架部分承担倾覆力矩计算方法(简称轴力法),采用的是不同于抗规公式的结构承担倾覆力矩定义,举例说明了轴力法常见确定取矩轴方法存在的问题。带有斜杆、坡楼层、坡屋面的6层框架-剪力墙结构的算例,说明了构件承担倾覆力矩抗规公式的应用,阐明了轴力法确定的取矩轴与规范公式暗含的轴力取矩轴不一致是轴力法与规范公式计算结果不同的原因。

弯曲桥梁抗倾覆性能分析与加固设计

抗倾覆性能是曲线桥梁的一项重要安全性指标。对于某高速公路工程平面弯曲梁桥,通过空间有限元建模分析,计算了弯曲混凝土连续箱梁的抗倾覆稳定系数与支座反力,并进行了抗倾覆加固设计。由分析验算结果可知,钢板混凝土盖梁加固措施受力简明、施工方便,宜用于快捷加固独柱墩弯曲桥梁以增强其抗倾覆性能。

重载与中强地震联合作用下的曲线独柱墩桥梁倾覆性分析

为探讨移动车辆和中强地震联合作用对曲线梁桥的抗倾覆影响,建立车-桥-地震分析模型,提出考虑地震作用的曲线梁桥车-桥耦合振动分析方法。以多跨曲线连续梁桥为研究对象,对比分析中强地震和重载车辆偏载组合作用下的支座反力和主梁倾覆时整体转角大小。研究地震动类型、峰值、车辆关键参数等因素对曲线梁桥倾覆稳定性的影响。结果表明:不同车辆和地震荷载组合会改变桥梁的受力情况,纵向间隔2 m的3辆100 t车辆以3 m/s速度行驶时,三跨曲线梁桥的倾覆最明显;综合考虑重载及地震联合作用,对抗倾覆性规范中的稳定系数计算公式进行了修正;分析了五跨曲线梁桥中墩支座偏心距对抗倾覆稳定系数的影响,计算结果表明中墩两相邻支座设置偏心时曲线桥最大抗倾覆系数为1.55。

悬浇连续梁桥临时固结组合体系抗力计算

墩梁临时固结组合体系是悬浇连续梁施工过程中的主要受力构件,分析了该类墩梁临时固结组合体系的承载机理,提出了各部件对应的反力计算公式,采用ANSYS有限元软件建立缩尺计算模型,验证了公式正确性。在此基础上,对成都市新津县西新路桥梁的墩梁临时固结组合体系进行了施工验算,结果表明,此桥的墩梁临时固结组合体系安全、可靠;研究了各部件的参数取值变化对该类墩梁临时固结组合体系承载力的影响,结果表明,各组件的参数变化对此类墩梁临时固结组合体系的承载状态均有显著影响,其中体外钢支撑型号变化产生的影响最大,临时支座混凝土强度等级与临时支座高度变化的影响次之,体外钢支撑高度变化带来的影响最小。