Ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti-6AI-4V alloy using ac micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in silicate-hypophosphate solution. Growth regularity and formation mechanism of ceramic coatings were discussed. It was found that ...Ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti-6AI-4V alloy using ac micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in silicate-hypophosphate solution. Growth regularity and formation mechanism of ceramic coatings were discussed. It was found that during the first stage the growth rate of coatings toward the external surface was larger than that toward substrate and then the coating began to grow mainly towards Ti alloy. When the total coating thickness reaches a certain value, it would no longer increase. In addition, the variations of the composition and microstructure of ceramic coatings according to the depositing time were also investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The amount of rutile TiO2 gradually increased, whereas the amounts of the anatase TiO2 and amorphous phases first increased and then decreased slightly.展开更多
The Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup of the Kaapvaal Craton,southern Africa,is one of the best-preserved and most complete stratigraphic records across a critical in juncture in the Earth’s history.
The service life of a polyolefin product depends to large extent on the type and amount of the antioxidants added. During the manufacturing,storage and use of the product the antioxidants are depleted by physical proc...The service life of a polyolefin product depends to large extent on the type and amount of the antioxidants added. During the manufacturing,storage and use of the product the antioxidants are depleted by physical processes and chemical degradation,and this impairs its long-term performance.The initial and in-use oxidation stability is often characterized and monitored by the measurement of the oxidative induction time(OIT),and service life predictions are based on the rate of decrease of the OIT value.To study the correlation between the OIT value and the actual antioxidant concentration,eight random arrays of high-impact polypropylene(PP)strands stabilized using six different antioxidant packages(composed of Irgafos 168,Irganox 1010 and 1330,Chimassorb 944)were immersed in hot water(80℃and 90℃)and oven aged in air (80℃)for more than two years,and the change of OIT values and antioxidant concentrations was measured.For phosphitic and phenolic stabilizers water immersion is generally a more critical aging condition than oven aging in air,while for the hindered amine stabilizers(HAS)the opposite was observed.As expected,a linear correlation between OIT values and concentrations was found for the'classical'package of phosphitic and phenolic stabilizers.In the case of Irganox 1330,the change of the OIT values during aging was considerably slower than the change of concentration.Even when zero concentration was reached according to the vanishing peak height in the chromatogram,a considerable OIT value was still measurable.This may be due to unidentified degradation products of Irganox 1330 which still act as antioxidants in the long run.Addition of HAS(Chimassorb 944)seems to enhance the initial OIT of stabilized phenolic samples and the long-term effectiveness of the phenolic stabilization under air oven aging conditions.However,the marked long-term effectiveness of the HAS itself and the slow change with time of the concentration were not detectable by OIT measurements above the PP melting point of about 170℃.展开更多
基金This work was finicially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50171026).
文摘Ceramic coatings were prepared on Ti-6AI-4V alloy using ac micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in silicate-hypophosphate solution. Growth regularity and formation mechanism of ceramic coatings were discussed. It was found that during the first stage the growth rate of coatings toward the external surface was larger than that toward substrate and then the coating began to grow mainly towards Ti alloy. When the total coating thickness reaches a certain value, it would no longer increase. In addition, the variations of the composition and microstructure of ceramic coatings according to the depositing time were also investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The amount of rutile TiO2 gradually increased, whereas the amounts of the anatase TiO2 and amorphous phases first increased and then decreased slightly.
文摘The Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic Transvaal Supergroup of the Kaapvaal Craton,southern Africa,is one of the best-preserved and most complete stratigraphic records across a critical in juncture in the Earth’s history.
文摘The service life of a polyolefin product depends to large extent on the type and amount of the antioxidants added. During the manufacturing,storage and use of the product the antioxidants are depleted by physical processes and chemical degradation,and this impairs its long-term performance.The initial and in-use oxidation stability is often characterized and monitored by the measurement of the oxidative induction time(OIT),and service life predictions are based on the rate of decrease of the OIT value.To study the correlation between the OIT value and the actual antioxidant concentration,eight random arrays of high-impact polypropylene(PP)strands stabilized using six different antioxidant packages(composed of Irgafos 168,Irganox 1010 and 1330,Chimassorb 944)were immersed in hot water(80℃and 90℃)and oven aged in air (80℃)for more than two years,and the change of OIT values and antioxidant concentrations was measured.For phosphitic and phenolic stabilizers water immersion is generally a more critical aging condition than oven aging in air,while for the hindered amine stabilizers(HAS)the opposite was observed.As expected,a linear correlation between OIT values and concentrations was found for the'classical'package of phosphitic and phenolic stabilizers.In the case of Irganox 1330,the change of the OIT values during aging was considerably slower than the change of concentration.Even when zero concentration was reached according to the vanishing peak height in the chromatogram,a considerable OIT value was still measurable.This may be due to unidentified degradation products of Irganox 1330 which still act as antioxidants in the long run.Addition of HAS(Chimassorb 944)seems to enhance the initial OIT of stabilized phenolic samples and the long-term effectiveness of the phenolic stabilization under air oven aging conditions.However,the marked long-term effectiveness of the HAS itself and the slow change with time of the concentration were not detectable by OIT measurements above the PP melting point of about 170℃.
