Moderate Dose of Trolox Preventing the Deleterious Effects of Wi-Fi Radiation on Spermatozoa In vitro through Reduction of Oxidative Stress Damage

Background： The worsening of semen quality, due to the application of Wi-Fi, can be ameliorated by Vitamin E. This study aimed to demonstrate whether a moderate dose of trolox,a new Vitamin E,inhibits oxidative damage on sperms in vitro after exposure to Wi-Fi radiation. Methods： Each of the twenty qualified semen, gathered from June to October 2014 in eugenics clinic, was separated into four aliquots, including sham, Wi-Fi-exposed, Wi-Fi plus 5 mmol/L trolox, and Wi-Fi plus 10 mmol/L trolox groups. At 0 min, all baseline parameters of the 20 samples were measured in sequence. Reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were evaluated in the four aliquots at 45 and 90 min, as were sperm DNA fragments, sperm mitochondrial potential, relative amplification of sperm mitochondrial DNA, sperm vitality, and progressive and immotility sperm. The parameters were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey＇s posttest. Results： Among Wi-Fi plus 5 mmol/L trolox, Wi-Fi-exposed and Wi-Fi plus 10 mmol/L trolox groups, reactive oxygen species levels （45 min： 3.80 ± 0.41 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1. 7.50 ± 0.35 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1vs. 6.70 ± 0.47 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1P 〈 0.001; 90 min：5.40 ± 0.21 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1vs. 10.10 ± 0.31 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1. 7.00 ± 0.42 RLU·10^-6·ml^-1P 〈 0.001, respectively）, percentages of tail DNA （45 min： 16.8 ± 2.0% vs. 31.9 ± 2.5% vs. 61.3 ± 1.6%, P 〈 0.001; 90 min： 19.7 ± 1.5% vs. 73.7 ± 1.3% vs. 73.1 ± 1.1%, P 〈 0.001, respectively）, 8-hydroxy-2＇-deoxyguanosine （45 min： 51.89 ± 1.46 pg/ml vs. 104.89 ± 2.19 pg/ml vs. 106.11 ± 1.81 pg/ml , P = 0.012;90 min： 79.96 ± 1.73 pg/ml vs. 141.73 ± 2.90 pg/ml vs. 139.06 ± 2.79 pg/ml; P 〈 0.001）, and percentages of immotility sperm （45 min：27.7 ± 2.7% vs. 41.7 ± 2.2% vs. 41.7 ± 2.5%; 90 min： 29.9 ± 3.3% vs. 58.9 ± 4.0% vs. 63.1 ± 4.0%; all P 〈 0.001） were lowest, and glutathione peroxidase （45 min： 60.50 ± 1.54 U/ml vs. 37.09 ± 1.77 U/ml vs. 28.18 ± 1.06 U/ml; 90 min： 44.61 ± 1.23 U/ml vs. 16.86 ± 0.93 U/ml vs. 29.94 ± 1.56 U/ml; all P 〈 0.001）, percentages of head DNA （45 min： 83.2 ± 2.0% vs. 68.2 ± 2.5% vs. 38.8 ± 1.6%; 90 min： 80.3 ± 1.5% vs. 26.3 ± 1.3% vs. 26.9 ± 1.1%; all P 〈 0.001）, percentages of sperm vitality （45 min： 89.5 ± 1.6% vs. 70.7 ± 3.1% vs. 57.7 ± 2.4%;90 min： 80.8 ± 2.2% vs. 40.4 ± 4.0% vs. 34.7 ± 3.9%; all P 〈 0.001）, and progressive sperm （45 min： 69.3 ± 2.7% vs. 55.8 ± 2.2% vs. 55.4 ± 2.5%; 90 min： 67.2 ± 3.3% vs. 38.2 ± 4.0% vs. 33.9 ± 4.0%; all P 〈 0.001） were highest in Wi-Fi plus 5 mmol/L trolox group at 45 and 90 min, respectively. Other parameters were not affected, while the sham group maintained the baseline. Conclusion：This study found that 5 mmol/L trolox protected the Wi-Fi-exposed semen in vitro from the damage of electromagnetic radiation-induced oxidative stress.

Protective effects of MCI-186 on oxidative damage in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease

Oxidative stress has an important role in the development of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Beta amyloid protein 25-35 （Aβ25-35） can generate oxygen free radicals, and MCI-186 （3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, edaravone） can specifically eliminate hydroxyl radicals. The present study introduced Aβ25-35 into PC12 cells to establish a cell model of AD, and investigated the neuroprotective effects of MCI-186 on AD. Results showed that MCI-186 had a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of AD by inhibiting protein oxidative products, advanced glycation end products, lipid oxidative end products and DNA oxidative damage in PC12 cells induced by Aβ25-35.

Genotoxicity of ferric oxide nanoparticles in Raphanus sativus：Deciphering the role of signaling factors,oxidative stress and cell death

We have studied the genotoxic and apoptotic potential of ferric oxide nanoparticles（Fe_2O_3-NPs） in Raphanus sativus（radish）.Fe_2O_3-NPs retarded the root length and seed germination in radish.Ultrathin sections of treated roots showed subcellular localization of Fe_2O_3-NPs,along with the appearance of damaged mitochondria and excessive vacuolization.Flow cytometric analysis of Fe_2O_3-NPs（1.0 mg/m L） treated groups exhibited 219.5%,161%,120.4% and 161.4% increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS）,mitochondrial membrane potential（ΔΨm）,nitric oxide（NO） and Ca2＋influx in radish protoplasts.A concentration dependent increase in the antioxidative enzymes glutathione（GSH）,catalase（CAT）,superoxide dismutase（SOD） and lipid peroxidation（LPO） has been recorded.Comet assay showed a concentration dependent increase in deoxyribonucleic acid（DNA） strand breaks in Fe_2O_3-NPs treated groups.Cell cycle analysis revealed 88.4% of cells in sub-G1 apoptotic phase,suggesting cell death in Fe_2O_3-NPs（2.0 mg/m L） treated group.Taking together,the genotoxicity induced by Fe_2O_3-NPs highlights the importance of environmental risk associated with improper disposal of nanoparticles（NPs） and radish can serve as a good indicator for measuring the phytotoxicity of NPs grown in NP-polluted environment.

Monohalogenated acetamide-induced cellular stress and genotoxicity are related to electrophilic softness and thiol/thiolate reactivity

Haloacetamides（HAMs） are cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic byproducts of drinking water disinfection. They are soft electrophilic compounds that form covalent bonds with the free thiol/thiolate in cysteine residues through an S_N2 reaction mechanism.Toxicity of the monohalogenated HAMs（iodoacetamide, IAM; bromoacetamide, BAM;or chloroacetamide, CAM） varied depending on the halogen substituent. The aim of this research was to investigate how the halogen atom affects the reactivity and toxicological properties of HAMs, measured as induction of oxidative/electrophilic stress response and genotoxicity. Additionally, we wanted to determine how well in silico estimates of electrophilic softness matched thiol/thiolate reactivity and in vitro toxicological endpoints.Each of the HAMs significantly induced nuclear Rad51 accumulation and ARE signaling activity compared to a negative control. The rank order of effect was IAM 〉 BAM 〉 CAM for Rad51, and BAM ≈ IAM 〉 CAM for ARE. In general, electrophilic softness and in chemico thiol/thiolate reactivity provided a qualitative indicator of toxicity, as the softer electrophiles IAM and BAM were more thiol/thiolate reactive and were more toxic than CAM.