Large-scale inverted-V channels of upflowing oxygen ions pumped by Alfvén waves

Large-scale inverted-V channels of upflowing oxygen ions are frequently identified in data collected by Cluster,at all local times,near the open-closed field line boundary over Earth’s high-latitude ionosphere-occur with downward propagating MHD Alfvén waves which have cascaded into kinetic regimes of plasma.The transverse acceleration of the oxygen ions in the center of these structures is interpreted as the integrated energization by these waves along the channels.Also observed within the channels are upward parallel electric fields,a key characteristic of kinetic Alfvén waves,which may contribute not only to lifting the ions but also to precipitating aurora electrons that might initiate ion upflow in the ionosphere below.Statistics on five-year observations of Cluster show that the channels typically form during geomagnetic perturbations,particularly when solar-wind dynamic pressure is high or highly fluctuated.Near the open-closed field line boundary,the stronger the wave power,the higher the upward oxygen flux and the higher the beam energy,indicating that these waves provide a simple but efficient way to drive oxygen upflows.

Oxygen ion conductivity of La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.83)Mg_(0.17-x)Co_xO_(3-δ) synthesized by laser rapid solidification

Materials Lao.8Sro.2Gao.83Mgo.17_xCox03_6 with x = 0, 0.05, 0.085, 0.10, and 0.15 are synthesized by laser rapid solidification. It is shown that the samples prepared by laser rapid solidification give rise to unique spear-like or leaf-like microstructures which are orderly arranged and densely packed. Their electrical properties each show a general depen dence of the Co content and the total conductivities of Lao.8Sro.2Gao.83Mgo.085Coo.08503_6 prepared by laser rapid solidification are measured to be 0.067, 0.124, and 0.202 S.cm-1 at 600, 700, and 800 ℃, respectively, which are much higher than by conventional solid state reactions. Moreover, the electrical conductivities each as a function of the oxy gen partial pressure are also measured. It is shown that the samples with the Co content values 〈 8.5 mol% each exhibit basically ionic conduction while those for Co content values 〉 10 mol % each show ionic mixed electronic conduction under oxygen partial pressures from 10-16 atm （1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa） to 0.98 atm. The improved ionic conductivity of Lao.sSro.2Gao.83Mgo.085Coo.08503 prepared by laser rapid solidification compared with by solid state reactions is attributed to the unique microstructure of the sample generated during laser rapid solidification.

Electrochemistry of oxygen ion transport in slag

A systematic experiment relating to the electrochemistry of oxygen ion transport in slag has been studied in lab. An equivalent circuit has been used to describe ion transfer between metal and slag in this paper and a kinetic model with electrochemical characteristic representing oxygen ion immigration has been worked out. The different experimental phenomena can be explained generally by this model. It can be seen that the theoretical results are in good agreement with experiments. The comparison of experimental data with model calculation proved that the electrochemical model is right.

Electrical and structural properties of diamond films implanted by various doses of oxygen ions

Oxygen-doped diamond films are prepared by implanting various dose oxygen ions into the diamond films synthesized by hot filament chemical vapour deposition, and their electrical and structural properties are investigated. Hall effect measurements show that lower dose oxygen ion implantation is beneficial to preparing n-type diamonds. The carrier concentration increases with the dose increasing, indicating that oxygen ions supply electrons to the diamonds. The results of AES spectrum indicate that oxygen ions are doped into the diamond films, and the O-implanted depth is around 0.1μm. Raman spectrum measurements indicate that the lower dose oxygen ion implantation at 10^14 cm^-2 or 10^15 cm^-2 is favourable for producing less damaged O-doDed diamond films.

Phase Transition and Oxygen Ion Diffusion in （La1-xLnx）2Mo2O9 （Ln=Nd, Gd, x=0.05-0.25） Using Dielectric Relaxation Method

绝缘的松驰方法被采用在氧化物离子售票员(La1xLnx ) 学习氧离子散开和阶段转变的性质 2Mo2O9 (行 = Nd， Gd， x = 0.05-0.25 ) 。二座绝缘的损失山峰被观察：在在 720 K 附近的大约 600 K 和山峰 Ph 的山峰 Pd。山峰 Pd 是一座 relaxational 山峰并且与联系短期氧离子的散开当山峰 Ph 几乎不改变它的位置并且戏剧性地与增加频率在高度减少时，展出 non-relaxational 自然。与增加 Ln3+ 集中，山峰 Ph 和 Pd 的高度起初增加然后在在 15% 做传递最大值以后减少。山峰 Ph 与到在氧离子 / 空缺分发的一个动态混乱状态的一个静态的混乱状态的阶段转变有关，这被建议。15%Gd 或 15%Nd 做了 La2Mo2O9 样品，这被发现在这个做的内容根据山峰 Pd 的最高的高度展出最高的传导性。

Effects of Doping and Oxygen Vacancy Concentrations on Oxygen Ion Migration in SmxCe1-xO2-δ: a DFT + U Study

Influence of doping and oxygen vacancy concentrations on oxygen ion or oxygen vacancy(V)migration energies of SmxCe1-xO2-δ(x=0.0625,0.125,0.25 andδ=0.0625,0.125)systems using a GGA+U method are studied.Calculated results show that advantage migration types change from V→O2-to O2-→as x andδincrease.For V→O2-migrations of the Sm0.0625Ce0.9375O1.9375 and Sm0.125Ce0.875O1.9375 systems,electrostatic attractions between Sm"and V,defect associations between Ce3 and V,and steric hindrances of Sm3+affect the migration energies.For O2→V migrations of the Sm0.125Ce0.875O1.875 and Sm0.25Ce0.75O1.875 systems,migration energies of O2-are affected by electrostatic repulsions between Sm3+and O2-and defect associations between Ce3+and V.Increases of the oxygen vacancy and Sm3+doping concentrations benefit the oxygen ion and vacancy migrations,respectively.

Linear regression analysis of oxygen ionic conductivity in co-doped electrolyte

A mathematical model for the estimation of oxygen-ion conductivity of doped ZrO2 and CeO2 electrolytes was established based on the assumptions that the electronic conduction and defect association can be neglected. A linear regression method was employed to determine the parameters in the model. This model was confirmed by the published conductivity data of the doped ZrO2 and CeO2 electrolytes. In addition, a series of compositions in Ce0.8Gd0.2-xMxO1.9-δsystem (M is the co-dopant) was prepared, their high temperature conductivity were measured. The model was further validated by the measured conductivity data.

Surface defects,stress evolution,and laser damage enhancement mechanism of fused silica under oxygen-enriched condition

Oxygen ions(O;)were implanted into fused silica at a fixed fluence of 1×10^(17) ions/cm^(2) with different ion energies ranging from 10 ke V to 60 ke V.The surface roughness,optical properties,mechanical properties and laser damage performance of fused silica were investigated to understand the effect of oxygen ion implantation on laser damage resistance of fused silica.The ion implantation accompanied with sputtering effect can passivate the sub-/surface defects to reduce the surface roughness and improve the surface quality slightly.The implanted oxygen ions can combine with the structural defects(ODCs and E′centers)to reduce the defect densities and compensate the loss of oxygen in fused silica surface under laser irradiation.Furthermore,oxygen ion implantation can reduce the Si-O-Si bond angle and densify the surface structure,thus introducing compressive stress in the surface to strengthen the surface of fused silica.Therefore,the laser induced damage threshold of fused silica increases and the damage growth coefficient decreases when ion energy up to30 ke V.However,at higher ion energy,the sputtering effect is weakened and implantation becomes dominant,which leads to the surface roughness increase slightly.In addition,excessive energy aggravates the breaking of Si-O bonds.At the same time,the density of structural defects increases and the compressive stress decreases.These will degrade the laser laser-damage resistance of fused silica.The results indicate that oxygen ion implantation with appropriate ion energy is helpful to improve the damage resistance capability of fused silica components.

Ultralow oxygen ion diffusivity in pyrochlore-type La_(2)(Zr_(0.7)Ce_(0.3))_(2)O_(7)

Thermally grown oxides(TGOs)at the ceramic top-coat/metallic bond-coat interface are a pressing chal-lenge in advanced thermal barrier coating(TBC)systems as they can affect the performance and ser-vice lifetime of TBCs.Thus,developing novel TBC materials with ultralow oxygen ion diffusivity is very urgent.In this study,we reported the diffusive properties of oxygen ions in a novel pyrochlore-type La_(2)(Zr_(0.7)Ce_(0.3))_(2)O_(7)(LZ7C3)material.The measured ionic conductivity and atomistic simulation revealed that the oxygen ion diffusivity in LZ7C3 grains is two orders of magnitude lower than that in conventional 8 wt.%yttria-stabilized zirconia(8YSZ)grains.This is due to the relatively high energy barrier for oxygen hopping in LZ7C3.In addition,it was found that enhancing the order distribution of cations is a strategy to reduce the intrinsic oxygen diffusion of pyrochlore-type oxides.On the other hand,we observed that La^(3+) cations segregate at the grain boundaries(GBs)of LZ7C3,which results in the electrostatic poten-tial at GBs being comparable to that in the bulk.Furthermore,we found that the oxygen ion diffusion is facilitated at the GBs of LZ7C3 due to the stretched O-Zr/Ce bond and the low coordination at GBs.How-ever,the segregations of Y^(3+)cations and the increase in the number of oxygen vacancies resulted in the formation of an electrostatic layer at the GBs of 8YSZ,which shielded the oxygen ion diffusion.Despite this,the oxygen ion diffusivity in LZ7C3 was still considerably less than that in conventional 8YSZ.This study offers a stepping stone toward utilizing pyrochlore-type LZ7C3 materials as advanced TBCs at high temperatures.

Ground-based Investigations of Atomic Oxygen Erosion Behaviors of Silver and Ion-implanted Silver

Silver foils and ion-implanted silver foils exposed to atomic oxygen （AO） generated in a ground simulation facility were investigated by the quartz crystal microbalance （QCM）, the scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The experimental results show the presence of Ag2O and AgO in an oxidation process of the silver foil having exposure to AO. As soon as silver comes under the bombardment of atomic oxygen, the oxidation process starts with a thick film forming on the silver surface. Because of the development of stresses, the oxide layer gets cracked and spalled, which leads to appearance of a new silver surface intensifying further oxidation. At last, AgO begins to form on the outer surface of the oxide film. The analytical results of the XPS and the AES attest to formation of a continuous high-quality protective oxide-based layer on the surface of ion-implanted silver films after exposure to AO. This layer can well protect materials in question from erosion.

Role of Chloride Ion and Dissolved Oxygen in Electrochemical Corrosion of AA5083-H321 Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy in NaCl Solutions under Flow Conditions

Flow-induced corrosion consists electrochemical and mechanical components. The present paper has to assessed the role of chloride ion and dissolved oxygen in the electrochemical component of flow induced corrosion for AA5083-H321 aluminum-magnesium alloy which is extensively used in the construction of high-speed boats, submarines, hovercrafts, and desalination systems, in NaCI solutions. Electrochemical tests were carried out at flow velocities of 0, ：2, 5, 7 and 10 m/s, in aerated and deaerated NaCI solutions with different sodium chloride concentrations. The results showed that the high rate of oxygen reduction under hydrodynamic conditions causes an increase in the density of pits on the surface. The increase of chloride ions concentration under flow conditions accelerates the rate of anodic reactions, but have no influence on the cathodic reactions. Thus, in the current work, it was found that under flow conditions, due to the elimination of corrosion products inside the pits, corrosion resistance of the alloy is increased.

Differences in major ions as well as hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of sediment pore water and lake water

Isotopic and chemical compositions of pore water(PW) are highly relevant to environmental and forensic study. Five lake water(LW)samples and five sediment samples were collected to investigate the effects of pore sizes of sediments on PW chemistry and stable isotopes and determine mechanisms controlling their variations. Six pore water fractions were extracted from different-sized pores in each sediment sample at six sequential centrifugal speeds for chemical and isotopic analysis. The sediments consisted mainly of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of PW are mainly controlled by the overlying LW, although the lag effect of exchange between overlying LW and PW results in isotopic differences when recharge of LW is quicker than isotopic exchange in PW. Identical isotopic compositions of PW from sediments with different pore sizes indicate that isotopic exchange of water molecules with different pore sizes is a quick process. The ratio of average total dissolved solid(TDS) concentration of PW to TDS concentration of LW shows a strong relationship with adsorption capacity of sediments, demonstrating that remobilization of ions bound to sediments mainly causes a chemical shift from LW to PW.Concentrations of Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+),and Cl^-in PW remain unchanged,while concentrations of Na^+,K^+,and SO_4^(2-) slightly increase with decreasing pore size. Chemical differences of PW from sediments with different pore sizes are governed by ion adsorption properties and surface characteristics of different-si zed particles.

Fabrication and characterization of composite YSZ-La_(9.33)Si_6O_(26) oxygen-ion conductor

To improve the conductivity of Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2(YSZ) based oxygen-ion conductor,Zr0.85Y0.15O1.925-La9.33Si6O26(YSZ-LSO) composite ceramics with the mass fraction of La9.33Si6O26(LSO) of 15% were prepared by using a modified coprecipitation method.The phases,microstructures and conductivities of the YSZ,LSO and YSZ-LSO were investigated by X-ray diffraction,electron microscopy and complex impedance,respectively.The results show that the as-calcined powder of YSZ-LSO composite has the grain size less than 10 nm,and the as-sintered composite ceramics are composed of YSZ and LSO phases.The conductivity can be enhanced obviously by composite method.At 700 °C,the conductivity of the composite ceramic is 0.125 S/cm,which is one order in magnitude higher than that of the YSZ ceramic and two orders in magnitude higher than that of LSO ceramic.By analyzing the impedance spectra and modulus spectra,the interfacial effect on the conductivity improvement was proposed.

Roles of Oxygen Vacancy and Lower Valence Metallic Ion in Direct Decomposition of NO over La_（2－x）（Sr，Th）_xCuO_（4±λ）

Two systems of La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_(4±λ) and La_(2-x)Th_xCuO_(4±λ) mixed oxides with K_2NiF_4structure were synthesized.The compositions and structures of the catalysts were characterized by means of XRD,XPS,chemical analysis and so on.The catalytic behavior for the direct decomposition of NO has been investigated.The results show that the catalytic activity is closely related to the oxygen vacancy and lower valence metallic ion in the direct decomposition of NO.The presence of oxygen vacancy is necessary for mixed oxide to have steady activity in NO decomposition.

扬州城市森林负氧离子分布变化特征及其与气象因素的关系

【目的】分析扬州城市森林空气负氧离子浓度时空变化特征及其与气象因素的关系,为了解扬州城市森林空气负氧离子资源情况提供理论依据。【方法】依托江苏扬州城市森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,以宋夹城体育休闲公园(城市森林)、茱萸湾风景区(城市近郊森林)和润扬湿地森林公园(城市远郊森林)为研究对象,收集3个区域的2020年1—12月空气负氧离子浓度和林内气象数据,比较不同季节之间负氧离子浓度的差异,分析负氧离子浓度与气象因素的相关性,并利用增强回归树分析各气象因素对负氧离子浓度的贡献率,结构方程模型分析各气象因素对负氧离子的直接和间接影响。【结果】扬州地区城市近郊森林区的空气负氧离子浓度日变化呈单峰型;城市近郊森林区与城市远郊森林区月变化趋势较一致,峰值分别出现在4月和6月。城市近郊森林区不同季节平均负氧离子浓度表现为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,城市远郊森林区平均负氧离子浓度表现为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季。城市远郊森林区林内负氧离子浓度年平均值(666.87个/cm3)和郁闭度(0.80)低于城市森林区和城市近郊森林区,且森林郁闭度越高其负氧离子浓度的变异系数越小。城市森林区空气负氧离子浓度与风速、气压、空气温度和PM2.5存在显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)相关性,城市近郊森林区和城市远郊森林区的空气负氧离子浓度与气压、风速、空气温度、空气湿度、PM2.5、光照强度等林内气象因素存在显著或极显著相关性。选择城市远郊森林区进行气象因素对空气负氧离子浓度的贡献率以及结构方程模型分析,结果表明空气湿度在春季(38.51%)和秋季(47.58%)对空气负氧离子浓度的贡献最大,而PM2.5在夏季(27.87%)和冬季(38.51%)对空气负氧离子的贡献最大;空气湿度对负氧离子浓度有直接正向影响,而光照强度对负氧离子浓度有直接负向影响,风向通过改变PM2.5对负氧离子浓度产生间接影响。【结论】扬州不同区域森林的负氧离子浓度变化规律不尽相同,不同季节和时间对空气负氧离子浓度有明显影响。根据不同区域的负氧离子浓度差异及其表现出的季节变化规律可制定不同的公园游览计划,建议夏季前往城市远郊森林区,春季前往城市近郊森林区游览。

火星弓激波上游高能拾起氧离子实例分析

火星外逸层中的氧原子(O)经光致电离、电荷交换或电子碰撞产生氧离子(O^(+)),新生O^(+)随即被太阳风拾起,进而被对流电场加速.这些O^(+)被称为“拾起”O^(+).2018年11月17日08∶54∶00—10∶24∶00 UT期间,火星大气和挥发物演化任务(Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN,MAVEN)卫星从上游太阳风进入磁鞘中,持续观测到背离太阳运动的高能拾起O^(+)(约30 keV),在相空间呈现为初速度不为零的部分环分布.分析表明:这部分高能O^(+)的初始能量较高,回旋半径较大,位于摆线运动的高能区域,穿越火星弓激波进入磁鞘,离子在该范围内能量变化不显著,只是使得相应环分布在穿越弓激波后发生偏转.这些结果有助于进一步认识火星空间高能拾起O^(+)的产生与运动轨迹.

电气石微胶囊的制备及性能研究

以乙基纤维素为壁材,电气石粉体为芯材,采用乳化-溶剂蒸发法制备电气石微胶囊,通过单因素实验分析了工艺条件对电气石微胶囊负载量和粒径的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热分析仪和空气离子计数器等对微胶囊的微观形貌、结构、热稳定性、负载量以及负氧离子释放性能进行表征。结果表明:在芯壁质量比为1∶2、乳化剂含量为连续相溶剂的0.5%、搅拌速度为400r/min、溶剂挥发温度为57℃时,微胶囊负载量达到46.2%(质量分数),平均粒径为20.3μm;电气石粉体被乙基纤维素有效包覆,电气石微胶囊呈规则的球状,表面光滑,壳层上分布着大量的孔道。热重分析表明电气石微胶囊在200℃后才有明显的质量损失,热稳定性较好。负氧离子动态释放量大约15d达到平衡稳定状态,释放量约为850个/cm^(3)。

植物改善密闭环境空气质量研究进展

针对空间密闭环境的空气质量问题,对密闭环境中存在的微量有害气体、微小颗粒物、高浓度二氧化碳等不利因素进行分析,比较了物理和化学处理方法改善空气质量的优缺点。重点讨论了植物净化方法对空气质量的改善效益,以及植物吸收微量有害气体、释放负氧离子和吸收二氧化碳三个方面的研究进展,提出目前研究存在的问题,为后续利用植物改善密闭环境空气质量提供新的研究思路。

Recent advances and perspectives of fluorite and perovskite-based dual-ion conducting solid oxide fuel cells

High-temperature solid-state electrolyte is a key component of several important electrochemical devices,such as oxygen sensors for automobile exhaust control,solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) for power generation,and solid oxide electrolysis cells for H_(2) production from water electrolysis or CO_(2) electrochemical reduction to value-added chemicals.In particular,internal diffusion of protons or oxygen ions is a fundamental and crucial issue in the research of SOFCs,hypothetically based on either oxygen-ionconducting electrolytes or proton-conducting electrolytes.Up to now,some electrolyte materials based on fluorite or perovskite structure were found to show certain degree of dual-ion transportation capability,while in available electrolyte database,particularly in the field of SOFCs,such dual-ion conductivity was seriously overlooked.Actually,few concerns arising to the simultaneous proton and oxygen-ion conductivities in electrolyte of SOFCs inevitably induce various inadequate and confusing results in literature.Understanding dual-ion transportation behavior in electrolyte is indisputably of great importance to explain some unusual fuel cell performance as reported in literature and enrich the knowledge of solid state ionics.On the other hand,exploration of novel dual-ion conducting electrolytes will benefit the development of SOFCs.In this review,we provide a comprehensive summary of the understanding of dual-ion transportation in solid electrolyte and recent advances of dual-ion conducting SOFCs.The oxygen ion and proton conduction mechanisms at elevated temperature inside oxide-based electrolyte materials are first introduced,and then(mixed) oxygen ion and proton conduction behaviors of fluorite and perovskite-type oxides are discussed.Following on,recent advances in the development of dual-ion conducting SOFCs based on fluorite and perovskite-type single-phase or composite electrolytes,are reviewed.Finally,the challenges in the development of dual-ion conducting SOFCs are discussed and future prospects are proposed.

沉淀剂对Co_(3)O_(4)催化分解N_(2)O的性能影响

以乙酸钴为钴源采用水热法制备了Co_(3)O_(4)催化剂,通过X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、N_(2)物理吸附脱附测试、H2程序升温还原、氧的程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱等表征手段对Co_(3)O_(4)催化剂的物理化学性质进行表征,在固定床微型反应器中评价催化剂催化分解N_(2)O活性,考察了不同沉淀剂(氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、尿素、碳酸铵、氨水)对催化剂催化分解N_(2)O的性能影响。结果表明,水热法制备的Co_(3)O_(4)催化剂均为尖晶石结构,不同沉淀剂影响催化剂形貌、氧化还原性能和催化分解N_(2)O活性;含有钠离子沉淀剂制备而得的催化剂活性高于其他催化剂,其促进了Co^(3+)到Co^(2+)的还原过程,影响了钴离子化学环境,提高了给电子能力,弱化了催化剂中的Co—O键,加快了反应过程中氧空位的再生,进而提高了自身的催化活性;其中含少量Na离子的Co_(3)O_(4)-NaOH催化剂具有较强的氧化还原性,O_(ads)/O_(latt)较大,表面吸附氧数量多,N_(2)O分解温度较低,在反应气体组成为0.88%O2、0.65%N_(2)O,N_(2)为平衡气的(流量为80mL/min)条件下,T_(10)和T_(95)分别为330℃和470℃。