Application of Magnetic Particle Imaging to Pulmonary Imaging Using Nebulized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of applying magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to pulmonary imaging using nebulized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and to quantify the mucociliary clearance in the lung, using small animal experiments. Materials and Methods: Intrapulmonary administration of MNPs was performed in seven-week-old male ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice (n = 8) using a nebulized microsprayer connected to a high-pressure syringe containing 50 μL of MNPs (500 mM Resovist®). We imaged the lungs using our MPI scanner 2.5 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after the intrapulmonary administration of MNPs. The average MPI value was calculated by drawing a region of interest (ROI) on the lungs by taking the threshold value for extracting the contour as 20% of the maximum MPI value within the ROI. The MPI value was defined as the pixel value of the transverse image reconstructed from the third-harmonic signals. Mice were sacrificed immediately after the last MPI and X-ray CT studies on day 7, and 5 lobes of the lung in each mouse were extracted to confirm the accumulation of iron using Berlin blue staining. Results: We could visualize the distribution of MNPs in the lungs as positive contrast using MPI with use of nebulized MNPs. The presence of iron in the lung was confirmed by Berlin blue staining. The average MPI value decreased with time and tended to saturate. The clearance rate was calculated to be 0.505 day−1 from the time course of the average MPI value in the lungs. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that MPI can be applied to pulmonary imaging by nebulizing MNPs and can be useful for quantifying the mucociliary clearance in the lung.

Nebulized Mycobacterium vaccae protects against asthma by attenuating the imbalance of IRF4/IRF8 expression in dendritic cells

Objective:To assess the effects of nebulized inhaled Mycobacterium vaccae on allergic airway inflammation,airway hyperresponsiveness,and Th1/Th2 cell imbalance in mice with ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma.Methods:Mice received OVA sensitization and challenge for establishment of the asthmatic model.For intervention,mice received Mycobacterium vaccae nebulization once every other day from the first day of sensitization to the day before challenge.After challenge,pulmonary histological analysis and airway responsiveness measurement were performed.In addition,Th1/Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by ELISA.Th1/Th2 subset ratios and the expression of interferon-regulatory factor 4(IRF4),IRF8 and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)in dendritic cells were evaluated by flow cytometry.Results:Severe inflammatory infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness were observed in OVA-induced asthmatic mice.Asthmatic mice showed higher Th2 cytokine concentration and increased percentage of Th2 cells,along with lower Th1 cytokine concentration and reduced percentage of Th1 cells compared with the normal control.Moreover,an imbalance of IRF4^(+)and IRF8^(+)in dendritic cells was found in asthmatic mice.Nebulized inhaled Mycobacterium vaccae reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in OVA-induced asthmatic mice.In addition,nebulized inhaled Mycobacterium vaccae enhanced TLR4 and IRF8 expression,and alleviated the imbalance of Th1/Th2 as well as IRF4^(+)and IRF8^(+)in dendritic cells.Conclusions:Nebulized inhaled Mycobacterium vaccae protects against asthma by alleviating the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and IRF4/IRF8 in OVA-induced asthmatic mice.

The Effect of Nebulized Budesonide Inhalation in Treating Children with Asthma and its Influence on Immune Indexes

Objective:To explore and analyze the effect of nebulized budesonide inhalation on children with asthma and its influence on immune indexes.Methods:300 children who were with asthma admitted to the Pediatric Respiratory Department of our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into a nebulization group(n=150)and a reference group(n=150)by drawing lots.The nebulization group received routine treatment along with budesonide nebulization inhalation therapy,while the reference group only received routine treatment.The treatment effect,the immune indicators,the time taken for the disappearance of symptoms,and the pulmonary function indicators of both groups were compared.Results:The total efficacy of treatment received in the nebulization group was significantly higher than that in the reference group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the CD4^(+),CD8^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),between the two groups(P>0.05);after treatment,the nebulization group’s CD4^(+),CD8^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)and other immune indicators were significantly better than the reference group(P<0.05).The time taken for the disappearance of symptoms like wheezing,coughing,crackles,shortness of breath,and other symptoms in the nebulization group was significantly shorter than in the reference group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in the pulmonary function indexes such as FEV1,PEF,and FVC between the two groups(P>0.05);after treatment,the pulmonary function indexes of the patients in the nebulization group were significantly better than those in the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Nebulized budesonide inhalation therapy has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of pediatric asthma,with notable improvements in immune indicators.Therefore,it is worthy of recommendation and further promotion.

Ultrasonic Nebulizer Assisted LIBS: a Promising Metal Elements Detection Method for Aqueous Sample Analysis

A newly developed approach for trace metal elements detection for aqueous samples analysis is presented in this paper. The idea of this approach is to improve ablation efficiency by transforming the liquid sample into a dense cloud of droplets using an ultrasonic nebulizer. The resulting droplets are then subjected to analysis by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS）. A purpose-built ultrasonic nebulizer assisted LIBS （UN-LIBS） system has been applied to the analysis of aqueous samples at trace levels of concentration. Experimental investigations of solution samples were carried out with various dissolved trace metal elements （Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mg and Na） using this approach. The characteristics of UN-LIBS signal of the elements were investigated regarding the lifetime and S/B ratio and the calibration curves for trace metal elements analyses. The obtained LODs are comparable or much better than the LODS of the reported signal enhancement approaches when the laser pulse energy was as low as 30 mJ. The good linearity of calibration curves and the low LODs shows the potential ability of this method for metal elements analysis application. The density of the electrons was calculated by measuring the Stark width of the line of Ha. The possible mechanism of the LIBS signal enhancement of this approach was briefly discussed.

Inhalation properties of water-soluble drug loaded liposomes atomized by nebulizer

The pulmonary route presents several advantages in designing drug delivery systems in both systemic and topical administration.The use of particulate carriers is an attractive method for designing pulmonary drug delivery systems,because such carriers could control drug release and selective drug targeting when the carriers reach the target site in the lung.The prevention of local irritation,reduced drug toxicity,and improved drug stability are also preferable results of utilizing such carrier systems.Among a number of particulate carriers,liposomes have an advantage in safety,because they consist of phospholipids,which are bio-components.

Ultrasonic Nebulization Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Volatile Components in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine

The ultrasonic nebulization extraction（UNE） was developed and applied to the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization extraction including the sample particle size, solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic power were studied and selected. As a result, 2.4 g of sample with particle size of 80 mesh was extracted with 15 mL of n-hexane for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 35 W. The volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） under the optimal conditions and 57 compounds were identified. The precision, repeatability and stability of the proposed method were also studied. Compared with ultrasonic-assisted extraction（UAE） and hydrodistillation（HD） extraction, the proposed method is more efficient, faster and easier to be operated at room temperature with smaller sample and energy consumption. It is suggested that the ultrasonic nebulization extraction can be used as a novel alternative method for the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine.

Efficient management and maintenance of ultrasonic nebulizers to prevent microbial contamination

AIM:To seek the cause of Burkholderia cepacia complex(Bcc) infection outbreak and evaluate the efficacy of new methods for nebulizer maintenance. METHODS: We investigated the annual number of Bcc isolates recovered from clinical samples in our hospital between 1999 and 2013. Swab samples were randomly collected for bacterial culture before patient use from 10 each of the two machine types in August 2001; these included 20 samples from each of the following: Drain tubes, operating water chambers, oscillators, and nebulizing chambers. In addition, 10 samples each of nebulizer solutions before and after use were cultured. For environmental investigation, 10 samples were collected from sinks in the nurse stations of the wards where patients positive for Bcc were hospitalized. Numbers of Bcc isolates were compared before and after introduction of new methods for nebulizer maintenance in October 2001. In addition, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) assay was applied to find the genetic divergence of the Bcc isolates obtained from clinical samples and nebulizers. RESULTS: From January 1999 to December 2013, a total of 487 Bcc isolates were obtained from clinical specimens from 181 patients. Notably, 322(66.1%) Bcc isolates were obtained from clinical specimens from 1999 to 2001, including 244(115 patients) from sputum and 34(11 patients) from blood. During this period, 14 isolates were obtained from nebulizer components. Among these, six were derived from nebulizer drain tubes, five from operating water chambers, and one from the oscillator before patient use, and two from nebulizer solutions after patient use. When Bcc was isolated from the nebulizer solution after patient use, Bcc was simultaneously detected in other parts of the nebulizer. Bcc was not isolated from any nebulizer solution before use. RAPD assays revealed similar DNA profiles in isolates obtained from patients and nebulizers. Investigation revealed damaged diaphragms in many nebulizers. The new maintenance methods for nebulizers, including restriction of the usage period, thorough disinfection, and routine check for diaphragm breakage, remarkably reduced Bcc isolation(165 isolates from patients in 12 years and 0 isolate from nebulizers in periodical sampling). In particular, Bcc has been isolated from blood from only one patient since the new methods were introduced.CONCLUSION: Appropriate maintenance of ultrasonic nebulizers is crucial for preventing Bcc contamination of nebulizers and subsequent respiratory tract and blood infections.

Evaluation of Improved Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Miniature Simultaneous Microwave Plasma Torch Spectrometer

A new automatic sample solution introduction system for miniature simultaneous microwave plasma torch（MPT） atomic emission spectrometer was developed. The operating parameters were optimized. The detection limits of the spectrometer with an ultrasonic nebulizer for Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr, and V are 5-10 times lower than those obtained with a pneumatic nebulizer and are also lower than those obtained by a Model JX-lOlO MPT spectrometer. Two practical samples were analyzed to test the reliability and sensitivity of the system.

Synthesis of aligned carbon nanotube with straight-chained alkanes by nebulization method

Aligned carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were synthesized by nebulized spray pyrolysis of solutions of organometallics in carbon precursor solvents.Four types of straight-chained alkanes including n-pentane,n-hexane,n-heptane and n-octane were used as precursor solvents for synthesis of aligned CNTs.The results from scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy show that the CNTs obtained from them have different diameters and degrees of graphitization. It is found that the n-heptane is the most suitable for the growth of aligned CNTs with high quality and yield.The thermodynamic properties of precursory carbon sources such as boiling point and formation enthalpy are considered to play a decisive role in the synthesis of CNTs.It will be very helpful for the controllable preparation of aligned CNTs at relatively low cost.

Administration of Nebulised Ketamine for Managing Pain in the Intensive Care Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Introduction: The use of inhaled ketamine to manage a variety of painful conditions has been endorsed by the American College of Emergency Physicians and the American Academy of Emergency Medicine. Nebulized analgesia has multiple benefits, including rapid, effective and titratable analgesic delivery. The aim of our study is to assess the efficacy and safety of intranasal analgesic-dose ketamine compared to multimodal analgesia in patients presenting with acute postoperative pain or headache after a spinal anaesthetic in the intensive care unit of obstetrics and gynaecology. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study, with hospital Ethics Committee approval and written informed consent from study participants. We compared the effect of nebulized ketamine and multimodal analgesia postoperatively in 120 patients belonging to the physical status I - II of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, in the intensive care unit of obstetrics and gynaecology, at the Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center in Casablanca from June 2021 to June 2022. Results: We included 120 patients in our study divided into two groups of 60 patients: the average age was 35 years, with extremes ranging from 18 to 45 years, All patients were hospitalized for postoperative care: all women underwent locoregional anaesthesia with a standard dose according to the service protocol (10 mg of bupivacaine, 25γ of fentanyl, 100γ of morphine), where pain was the common denominator. Among these patients, 59 were admitted for management of postpartum haemorrhage, 43 for postoperative monitoring, 15 for post-spinal anaesthesia headache and 3 for pelviperitonitis. The results of the pain assessment 30 minutes after the ketamine nebulization were marked by a request for analgesia in 12 patients, which is 20% of group A, including 5 patients, whose visual analogue scale (VAS) on admission was between 5 and 7, and 7 patients whose VAS at admission was ≥8;all these patients received a second dose of ketamine by nebulization;the evaluation 30 min after the second dose was marked by a request for analgesia in 4 patients, which is 7% of Group A;in all these patients the VAS at admission was ≥8. Of the total number of patients of Group A, only 4 received morphine when they were requested for analgesia after the second dose of nebulized ketamine. Conclusion: The primary outcome of nebulized ketamine use is a significant reduction in VAS pain score. We believe that nebulized ketamine has a potential effect of reducing pain in the intensive care unit of obstetrics and gynaecology;this may be an additional analgesic modality for clinicians to provide rapid, effective and non-invasive pain relief.

EVALUATON OF MICROWAVE PLASMA TORCH FOR ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY WITH AN ULTRASONIC NEBULIZATION SAMPLE INTRODUCTION SYSTEM

In this paper, a new MPT(microwave plasma torch) device has been used as a atomizer for atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Spme elements, such as Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Co, Mg, Cu, Ag, Mn, Fe have been investigated in detail.

止敏方口服联合雾化治疗过敏性结膜炎湿热夹风证的临床研究

目的观察止敏方口服联合雾化治疗湿热夹风证过敏性结膜炎(AC)的临床疗效。方法纳入2021年1月—2021年12月苏州市中医医院诊治的湿热夹风证AC患者90例(180只眼),随机分成联合组、雾化组和对照组,每组30例(60只眼)。联合组予止敏方口服及雾化,雾化组单予止敏方雾化,对照组予盐酸氮卓斯汀滴眼液滴眼,均治疗14 d。观察3组患者治疗前后的症状积分、体征积分、泪液免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)抗体值,评价临床疗效。结果3组治疗前症状、体征积分和泪液Ig E抗体比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(1)症状积分:治疗后3组症状积分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-18.199、t_(雾化组)=-15.715、t对照组=-13.739,均P=0.000)。治疗后3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=8.594,P=0.000)。与对照组比较,联合组和雾化组症状积分均较低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-3.640,P=0.000;t_(雾化组)=-3.156,P=0.002),联合组与雾化组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)体征积分:治疗后3组体征积分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-18.887、t_(雾化组)=-17.742、t对照组=-15.556,均P=0.000)。治疗后3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=16.959,P=0.000)。与对照组比较,联合组和雾化组体征积分均较低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-5.157,P=0.000;t_(雾化组)=-4.409,P=0.000),联合组与雾化组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)泪液Ig E抗体:治疗后3组Ig E抗体指标均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(联合组)=-48.276、t_(雾化组)=-38.164、t对照组=-34.129,均P=0.000)。治疗后3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=1937.535,P=0.000)。与对照组比较,联合组和雾化组均较低(t_(联合组)=-56.682、t_(雾化组)=-21.667,均P=0.000)。联合组低于雾化组(t=-49.470,P=0.000),差异均有统计学意义。(4)临床疗效:3组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=14.887,P=0.001)。与联合组比较,雾化组和对照组均较低(Z_(雾化组)=-16.483,P=0.024;Z对照组=-23.267,P=0.001),差异均有统计学意义,雾化组和对照组比较,差异无统计学差异(P>0.05)。(5)复发率:3组复发率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.816,P=0.000)。与对照组比较,联合组和雾化组均较低(χ^(2)_(联合组)=22.500,P=0.000;χ^(2)_(雾化组)=6.696,P=0.010),联合组低于雾化组(χ^(2)=5.963,P=0.015),差异均有统计学意义。结论止敏方口服加雾化的联合疗法治疗湿热夹风证AC有效,且较单一疗法优势显著。

乙酰半胱氨酸雾化联合阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎伴气道黏液栓堵塞患儿的疗效观察

目的 观察乙酰半胱氨酸雾化联合阿奇霉素治疗支原体肺炎伴气道黏液栓堵塞患儿的疗效。方法 选取本院收治的102例支原体肺炎伴气道黏液栓堵塞患儿,将其随机均分为对照组(阿奇霉素+支气管肺泡灌洗)和观察组(阿奇霉素+支气管肺泡灌洗+乙酰半胱氨酸雾化)。比较两组患儿治疗前后白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及红细胞沉降率(ESR)水平;观察两组治疗后影像学、支气管镜检查情况以及症状改善时间。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组WBC、CRP及ESR水平均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组胸腔积液、支气管黏膜糜烂、颗粒增生发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组症状消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 乙酰半胱氨酸雾化联合阿奇霉素治疗可以减轻支原体肺炎伴气道黏液栓堵塞患儿炎症反应,促进临床症状消失,有利于患儿早期恢复健康。

疏睑润目方雾化治疗MGD型干眼湿热蕴结证的疗效观察

目的观察疏睑润目方雾化治疗轻、中度MGD型干眼湿热蕴结证的临床疗效。方法纳入2021年7月—2022年6月苏州市中医医院诊治的轻、中度MGD型干眼患者60例(120只眼)。随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例(60只眼),证属湿热蕴结。对照组予睑缘清洁+0.9%氯化钠注射液雾化+睑板腺按摩+卡波姆眼用凝胶+双氯芬酸钠滴眼液治疗。治疗组将雾化药物换成疏睑润目方水煎液,余同对照组。2组均治疗30 d。分别在治疗前、后检测患者的泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分、眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评分、有分泌力的睑板腺数量、睑板腺分泌物质量评分和泪液pH。结果2组治疗前BUT、FL评分、OSDI评分、有分泌力的睑板腺数量、睑板腺分泌物质量评分和泪液pH值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(1)BUT:2组治疗后BUT均较治疗前延长,差异均有统计学意义(t_(治疗组)=26.000、t_(对照组)=15.480,均P=0.000)。治疗后治疗组BUT长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=9.936,P=0.000)。(2)FL评分:2组治疗后FL评分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(治疗组)=20.330、t_(对照组)=9.181,均P=0.000)。治疗后治疗组FL评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.543,P=0.000)。(3)OSDI评分:2组治疗后OSDI评分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(治疗组)=16.093、t_(对照组)=5.435,均P=0.000)。治疗后治疗组OSDI评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.440,P=0.001)。(4)有分泌力的睑板腺数量:2组治疗后有分泌力的睑板腺数量均较治疗前增加,差异均有统计学意义(t_(治疗组)=12.400、t_(对照组)=8.484,均P=0.000)。治疗后治疗组有分泌力的睑板腺数量多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.216,P=0.002)。(5)睑板腺分泌物质量评分:2组治疗后睑板腺分泌物质量评分均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(治疗组)=8.510,P=0.000;t_(对照组)=2.100,P=0.038)。治疗后治疗组睑板腺分泌物质量评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.294,P=0.000)。(6)泪液pH值:2组治疗后泪液pH值均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(t_(治疗组)=26.602、t_(对照组)=16.763,均P=0.000)。治疗后治疗组泪液pH值低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.058,P=0.000)。结论疏睑润目方雾化疗法可改善轻、中度MGD型干眼湿热蕴结证患者的眼表症状,改善睑板腺功能。

小儿支气管肺炎雾化吸入治疗过程中开展集束化护理干预的价值评估

目的分析在小儿支气管肺炎雾化吸入治疗期间实施集束化护理干预对患儿肺功能、依从性等方面的影响。方法随机选取2023年5月—2024年1月滨州医学院附属医院收治的80例支气管肺炎患儿为研究对象,均接受雾化吸入治疗,根据不同护理方案分为研究组和参照组,各40例。参照组予以常规护理,研究组予以集束化护理,比较护理前后患儿的心理指标(焦虑程度、恐惧程度)、护理依从性。结果护理前,两组患儿的心理状态指标对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,研究组心理状态评分低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组护理依从率97.50%(39/40)高于参照组的80.00%(32/40),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.507,P<0.05)。结论在小儿支气管肺炎患儿的雾化吸入治疗期间实施集束化护理干预,有助于改善患儿的行为与心理状态,提升患儿护理依从性。

医疗车雾化器座改进型四板注射模具设计

针对医疗车雾化器座塑件采用增强型聚丙烯注塑成型要求,设计了一副改进型三板模具用于该塑件的注塑成型,模具模腔布局为1模1腔,采用单点点浇口实施浇注。为实现塑件的自动化生产,针对塑件的脱模设计了4种脱模机构,4种脱模机构分别为定模斜抽芯机构、哈夫滑块机构、动模上斜抽芯机构、动模下斜抽芯机构。由于定模斜抽芯机构的驱动动力需要,模具改进为四板型点浇口模具,即在定模一侧增加一块模板和一个模具开模面用于驱动定模斜抽芯机构的定模斜抽芯镶件型滑块实施抽芯。动模上、下斜抽芯机构则采用油缸单独驱动,能简化机构设计和模具结构设计,也有利于使用较小尺寸的模架,能有效降低模具制造成本。结果表明,模具能实现塑件、流道废料的自动脱模,较好地解决了塑件的自动化生产难题。

更昔洛韦联合雾化重组人干扰素α1b治疗对呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎患儿炎症因子及免疫功能的影响

目的:分析更昔洛韦联合雾化重组人干扰素α1b治疗对呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎患儿炎症因子及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取本院收治的呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎患儿100例作为研究对象。根据随机数表法分为对照和观察两组,各50例;比较两组治疗前、后的炎性因子降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)与免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM水平,详细记录症状体征消失时间并分析治疗期间发生的不良症状。结果:治疗后两组比较,观察组持续发热、咳嗽、憋喘以及肺啰音消失时间短(P<0.05),血清PCT、IL-6与CRP水平低(P<0.05),血清IgG、IgA、IgM水平明显升高(P<0.05);治疗期间,两组恶心呕吐、白细胞降低、皮疹的总发生率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对呼吸道合胞病毒感染肺炎患儿实施更昔洛韦联合雾化重组人干扰素α1b联合用药可缩短症状体征消失时间,减轻机体炎症反应,提高机体免疫力,安全性相对较好。

威灵仙浓煎雾化吸入联合口腔功能训练在脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者中的应用研究

目的探讨威灵仙浓煎雾化吸入联合口腔功能训练治疗脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者的临床效果。方法选取2022年12月—2023年11月齐齐哈尔医学院附属第二医院收治的84例脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组采用口腔功能训练干预,观察组采用威灵仙浓煎雾化吸入干预,两组均持续干预2周。比较两组临床疗效、吞咽及摄食功能、营养状况、生活质量。结果观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组吞咽功能评定量表评分(20.42±2.35)分低于对照组的(25.73±2.73)分,功能性经口摄食量表评分(5.49±0.87)分高于对照组的(4.75±0.69)分,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组白蛋白水平(40.15±4.32)g/L、总蛋白水平(67.65±5.32)g/L均高于对照组的(35.68±3.87)g/L、(60.54±5.29)g/L,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组心理、生理、社会关系、环境领域维度评分分别为(86.38±5.39)分、(85.24±5.15)分、(87.47±4.32)分、(88.17±4.75)分,均高于对照组的(82.09±5.31)分、(79.17±5.12)分、(80.45±5.13)分、(82.12±5.17)分,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论威灵仙浓煎雾化吸入联合口腔功能训练可提高脑卒中吞咽功能障碍患者疗效,加快吞咽功能恢复,以纠正机体营养状态,更好改善生活质量。

免疫调节剂联合吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的效果

目的:探究免疫调节剂联合吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的效果。方法:选择2017年1月—2019年1月在山东省青州荣军医院呼吸内科治疗的COPD患者80例,应用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液)及观察组(联合免疫调节剂),各40例,对比两组临床疗效、炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)]、肺功能[最大呼气量(PEF)、最大自主通气量(MVV)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV_(1)%pred)]、气道黏液高分泌[Toll样受体4(TLR4)、痰液干湿比重、黏蛋白5AC(MUC5AC)]、不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组炎症因子比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组hs-CRP、TNF-α、PCT均较治疗前降低,且观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组肺功能指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组PEF、MVV、FEV_(1)%pred均较治疗前升高,且观察组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组气道黏液高分泌指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组TLR4均降低,观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),痰液干湿比重、MUC5AC均降低,观察组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。结论:COPD采用免疫调节剂联合吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液治疗,效果显著,可改善患者肺功能,抑制炎症反应,缓解气道黏液高分泌状态,安全性较高。

雾化吸入疗法合理用药专家共识(2024版)

雾化吸入疗法是一种以呼吸道和肺为靶器官的直接给药方法,是呼吸系统疾病的重要治疗手段。近年来中国呼吸道疾病高发,基层医疗机构雾化及居家雾化治疗普及率显著提高,雾化吸入疗法规范应用和合理用药面临的有关问题亟待解决。为此,由中华医学会临床药学分会牵头,与中国医药教育协会药事管理专业委员会、临床合理用药专业委员会共同组织编写了《雾化吸入疗法合理用药专家共识(2024版)》。该共识详细介绍了雾化吸入疗法的给药特点、安全性和有效性、用药指征、应用流程、药学监护,以及常用小容量雾化装置的选择、新上市的雾化吸入药物、常见呼吸系统疾病雾化吸入疗法推荐给药方案等,旨在为各级医疗机构医务工作者规范开展雾化吸入治疗和合理用药提供专业参考。