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Fluid-chemical modeling of the near-cathode sheath formation process in a high current broken in DC air circuit breaker
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作者 彭世东 李静 +3 位作者 段薇 曹云东 刘树鑫 黄浩 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期523-538,共16页
When the contacts of a medium-voltage DC air circuit breaker(DCCB) are separated, the energy distribution of the arc is determined by the formation process of the near-electrode sheath. Therefore, the voltage drop thr... When the contacts of a medium-voltage DC air circuit breaker(DCCB) are separated, the energy distribution of the arc is determined by the formation process of the near-electrode sheath. Therefore, the voltage drop through the near-electrode sheath is an important means to build up the arc voltage, which directly determines the current-limiting performance of the DCCB. A numerical model to describe the near-electrode sheath formation process can provide insight into the physical mechanism of the arc formation, and thus provide a method for arc energy regulation. In this work, we establish a two-dimensional axisymmetric time-varying model of a medium-voltage DCCB arc when interrupted by high current based on a fluid-chemical model involving 16 kinds of species and 46 collision reactions. The transient distributions of electron number density, positive and negative ion number density, net space charge density, axial electric field, axial potential between electrodes, and near-cathode sheath are obtained from the numerical model. The computational results show that the electron density in the arc column increases, then decreases, and then stabilizes during the near-cathode sheath formation process, and the arc column's diameter gradually becomes wider. The 11.14 V–12.33 V drops along the17 μm space charge layer away from the cathode(65.5 k V/m–72.5 k V/m) when the current varies from 20 k A–80 k A.The homogeneous external magnetic field has little effect on the distribution of particles in the near-cathode sheath core,but the electron number density at the near-cathode sheath periphery can increase as the magnetic field increases and the homogeneous external magnetic field will lead to arc diffusion. The validity of the numerical model can be proven by comparison with the experiment. 展开更多
关键词 near-cathode sheath atmospheric pressure air arc fluid-chemical model high current DC air circuit breaker(DCCB)
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Microstructure design of advanced magnesium-air battery anodes
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作者 Xu Huang Qingwei Dai +4 位作者 Qing Xiang Na Yang Gaopeng Zhang Ao Shen Wanming Li 《Journal of Magnesium and Alloys》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期443-464,共22页
Metal-air battery is an environmental friendly energy storage system with unique open structure.Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have been extensively attempted as anodes for air batteries due to high theoretical energy de... Metal-air battery is an environmental friendly energy storage system with unique open structure.Magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have been extensively attempted as anodes for air batteries due to high theoretical energy density,low cost,and recyclability.However,the study on Mg-air battery(MAB)is still at the laboratory level currently,mainly owing to the low anodic efficiency caused by the poor corrosion resistance.In order to reduce corrosion losses and achieve optimal utilization efficiency of Mg anode,the design strategies are reviewed from microstructure perspectives.Firstly,the corrosion behaviors have been discussed,especially the negative difference effect derived by hydrogen evolution.Special attention is given to the effect of anode micro-structures on the MAB,which includes grain size,grain orientation,second phases,crystal structure,twins,and dislocations.For further improvement,the discharge performance,long period stacking ordered phase and its enhancing effect are considered.Meanwhile,given the current debates over Mg dendrites,the potential risk,the impact on discharge,and the elimination strategies are discussed.Microstructure control and single crystal would be promising ways for MAB anode. 展开更多
关键词 MAGNESIUM air battery ANODE MICROSTRUCTURE Anodic efficiency
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Mapping Air Quality Using Remote Sensing Technology: A Case Study of Nairobi County
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作者 Quinto Juma Meltus Faith Njoki Karanja 《Open Journal of Air Pollution》 2024年第1期1-22,共22页
Nairobi County experiences rapid industrialization and urbanization that contributes to the deteriorating state of air quality, posing a potential health risk to its growing population. Currently, in Nairobi County, m... Nairobi County experiences rapid industrialization and urbanization that contributes to the deteriorating state of air quality, posing a potential health risk to its growing population. Currently, in Nairobi County, most air quality monitoring stations use low-cost, inaccurate monitors prone to defects. The study’s objective was to map Nairobi County’s air quality using freely available remotely sensed imagery. The Air Pollution Index (API) formula was used to characterize the air quality from cloud-free Landsat satellite images i.e., Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 8 OLI from Google Earth Engine. The API values were computed based on vegetation indices namely NDVI, TVI, DVI, and the SWIR1 and NIR bands on the QGIS platform. Qualitative accuracy assessment was done using sample points drawn from residential, industrial, green spaces, and traffic hotspot categories, based on a passive-random sampling technique. In this study, Landsat 5 API imagery for 2010 provided a reliable representation of local conditions but indicated significant pollution in green spaces, with recorded values ranging from -143 to 334. The study found that Landsat 7 API imagery in 2002 showed expected results with the range of values being -55 to 287, while Landsat 8 indicated high pollution levels in Nairobi. The results emphasized the importance of air quality factors in API calibration and the unmatched spatial coverage of satellite observations over ground-based monitoring techniques. The study recommends the recalibration of the API formula for characteristic regions, exploring newer satellite sensors like those onboard Landsat 9 and Sentinel 2, and involving key stakeholders in a discourse to develop a suitable Kenyan air quality index. 展开更多
关键词 air Quality air Pollution Index (API) Satellite Imagery Vegetation Indices Nairobi County
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Mastering air combat game with deep reinforcement learning
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作者 Jingyu Zhu Minchi Kuang +3 位作者 Wenqing Zhou Heng Shi Jihong Zhu Xu Han 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期295-312,共18页
Reinforcement learning has been applied to air combat problems in recent years,and the idea of curriculum learning is often used for reinforcement learning,but traditional curriculum learning suffers from the problem ... Reinforcement learning has been applied to air combat problems in recent years,and the idea of curriculum learning is often used for reinforcement learning,but traditional curriculum learning suffers from the problem of plasticity loss in neural networks.Plasticity loss is the difficulty of learning new knowledge after the network has converged.To this end,we propose a motivational curriculum learning distributed proximal policy optimization(MCLDPPO)algorithm,through which trained agents can significantly outperform the predictive game tree and mainstream reinforcement learning methods.The motivational curriculum learning is designed to help the agent gradually improve its combat ability by observing the agent's unsatisfactory performance and providing appropriate rewards as a guide.Furthermore,a complete tactical maneuver is encapsulated based on the existing air combat knowledge,and through the flexible use of these maneuvers,some tactics beyond human knowledge can be realized.In addition,we designed an interruption mechanism for the agent to increase the frequency of decisionmaking when the agent faces an emergency.When the number of threats received by the agent changes,the current action is interrupted in order to reacquire observations and make decisions again.Using the interruption mechanism can significantly improve the performance of the agent.To simulate actual air combat better,we use digital twin technology to simulate real air battles and propose a parallel battlefield mechanism that can run multiple simulation environments simultaneously,effectively improving data throughput.The experimental results demonstrate that the agent can fully utilize the situational information to make reasonable decisions and provide tactical adaptation in the air combat,verifying the effectiveness of the algorithmic framework proposed in this paper. 展开更多
关键词 air combat MCLDPPO Interruption mechanism Digital twin Distributed system
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Experimental study on secondary air mixing along the bed height in a circulating fluidized bed with a multitracer-gas method
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作者 Qingyu Zhang Leming Cheng +3 位作者 Kun Li Qixun Kang Qiang Guo Chaogang Wu 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期54-62,共9页
A multitracer-gas method was proposed to study the secondary air(SA)mixing along the bed height in a circulating fluidized bed(CFB)using carbon monoxide(CO),oxygen(O_(2)),and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))as tracer gases.Expe... A multitracer-gas method was proposed to study the secondary air(SA)mixing along the bed height in a circulating fluidized bed(CFB)using carbon monoxide(CO),oxygen(O_(2)),and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))as tracer gases.Experiments were carried out on a cold CFB test rig with a cross-section of 0.42 m×0.73 m and a height of 5.50 m.The effects of superficial velocity,SA ratio,bed inventory,and particle diameter on the SA mixing were investigated.The results indicate that there are some differences in the measurement results obtained using different tracer gases,wherein the deviation between CO and CO_(2) ranges from 42%to 66%and that between O_(2) and CO_(2) ranges from 45%to 71%in the lower part of the fluidized bed.However,these differences became less pronounced as the bed height increased.Besides,the high solid concentration and fine particle diameter in the CFB may weaken the difference.The measurement results of different tracer gases show the same trends under the variation of operating parameters.Increasing superficial velocity and SA ratio and decreasing particle diameter result in better mixing of the SA.The effect of bed inventory on SA mixing is not monotonic. 展开更多
关键词 CIRCULATING fluidized BED SECONDARY air injection GAS MIXING Multitracer-gas method
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Influences of the Fresh Air Volume on the Removal of Cough-Released Droplets in a Passenger Car of a High-Speed Train Using CFD
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作者 Jun Xu Kai Bi +7 位作者 Yibin Lu TiantianWang Hang Zhang Zeyuan Zheng Fushan Shi Yaxin Zheng Xiaoying Li Jingping Yang 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期2727-2748,共22页
The spread and removal of pollution sources,namely,cough-released droplets in three different areas(front,middle,and rear areas)of a fully-loaded passenger car in a high-speed train under different fresh air flow volu... The spread and removal of pollution sources,namely,cough-released droplets in three different areas(front,middle,and rear areas)of a fully-loaded passenger car in a high-speed train under different fresh air flow volume were studied using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.In addition,the structure of indoor flow fields was also analysed.The results show that the large eddies are more stable and flow faster in the air supply under Mode 2(fresh air volume:2200m3/h)compared to Mode 1(fresh air volume:1100m3/h).By analysing the spreading process of droplets sprayed at different locations in the passenger car and with different particle sizes,the removal trends for droplets are found to be similar under the two air supply modes.However,when increasing the fresh air flow volume,the droplets in the middle and front areas of the passenger car are removed faster.When the droplets had dispersed for 60s,Mode 2 exhibited a removal rate approximately 1%–3%higher than Mode 1 for small and medium-sized droplets with diameters of 10 and 50μm.While those in the rear area,the situation is reversed,with Mode 1 slightly surpassing Mode 2 by 1%–3%.For large droplets with a diameter of 100μm,both modes achieved a removal rate of over 96%in all three regions at the 60 s.The results can provide guidance for air supply modes of passenger cars of high-speed trains,thus suppressing the spread of virus-carrying droplets and reducing the risk of viral infection among passengers. 展开更多
关键词 Cough-released pollutants CFD ventilation inside trains supply air volume
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Different bactericidal abilities of plasma-activated saline with various reactive species prepared by surface plasma-activated air and plasma jet combinations
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作者 贾怡康 李甜会 +5 位作者 张瑞 赵鹏瑜 王子丰 陈旻 郭莉 刘定新 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期50-61,共12页
Plasma-activated water(PAW),as an extended form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma,greatly expands the application of plasma-based technology.The biological effects of PAW are closely related to the aqueous reactive ... Plasma-activated water(PAW),as an extended form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma,greatly expands the application of plasma-based technology.The biological effects of PAW are closely related to the aqueous reactive species,which can be regulated by the activation process.In this study,surface plasma-activated air(SAA)and a He+O_(2)plasma jet(Jet)were parallelly combined(the SAA+Jet combination)or sequentially combined(the SAA→Jet combination and the Jet→SAA combination)to prepare plasma-activated saline(PAS).The PAS activated by the combinations exhibited stronger bactericidal effects than that activated by the SAA or the Jet alone.The concentrations of H_(2)O_(2)and NO_(2)^(-)were higher in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination,while ONOO^(-)concentrations were close in the three kinds of PAS and^(1)O_(2)concentrations were higher in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination.The analysis of scavengers also demonstrated that H_(2)O_(2),^(1)O_(2),and ONOO^(-)in the PAS activated by the SAA+Jet combination,and^(1)O_(2)in the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination played critical roles in bactericidal effects.Further,the effective placement time of the three PAS varied,and the PAS activated by the Jet→SAA combination could also inactivate 2.6-log_(10)of MRSA cells after placement for more than 60 min.The regulation of reactive species in plasma-activated water via different combinations of plasma devices could improve the directional application of plasma-activated water in the biomedical field. 展开更多
关键词 plasma-activated water surface plasma-activated air plasma jet bactericidal effect reactive species
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Air Quality Assessment of Ubeji Community near Petroleum-Related Activities
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作者 Adedoyin Olubunmi Bankole Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede +5 位作者 Oluwafunmilayo Mary Haruna Harrison Agboro Prince Alex Ekhorutomwen Osasenaga Israel Otuomagie Christabel Ifuwe Efe Jeffery Isukuru 《Open Journal of Air Pollution》 2024年第2期57-71,共15页
The escalating global concern over air pollution requires rigorous investigations. This study assesses air quality near residential areas affected by petroleum-related activities in Ubeji Community, utilizing Aeroqual... The escalating global concern over air pollution requires rigorous investigations. This study assesses air quality near residential areas affected by petroleum-related activities in Ubeji Community, utilizing Aeroqual handheld mobile multi-gas monitors and air quality multi-meters. Air sampling occurred on three distinct days using multi-gas monitors and meters, covering parameters such as CO, NO2, CH4, NH3, VOCs, Particulate Matter, Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Air Quality Index. Soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical and organic components. Air pollutant concentrations showed significant fluctuations. Carbon monoxide (CO) ranged from 0.00 to 3.22 ppm, NO2 from 0.00 to 0.10 ppm, CH4 from 4.00 to 2083 ppm, NH3 from 371 to 5086 ppm, and VOCs from 414 to 6135 ppm. Soil analysis revealed low total nitrogen, and undetected BTEX levels. Plant samples displayed a pH range of 7.72 to 9.45. CO concentrations, although below WHO limits, indicated potential vehicular and industrial influences. Fluctuations in NO2 and CH4 were linked to traffic, industrial activities, and gas flaring. NH3 levels suggested diverse pollution sources. The result in this study highlights the dynamic nature of air pollution in Ubeji community, emphasizing the urgent need for effective pollution control measures. Although CO concentrations were within limits, continuous monitoring is essential. Elevated NO2 levels gave information on the impact of industrial activities, while high CH4 concentrations may be associated with gas flaring and illegal refining. The study recommends comprehensive measures and collaborative efforts to address these complex issues, safeguarding both the environment and public health. This study shows the potential synergy between air quality sensors and plants for holistic environmental health assessments, offering valuable insights for environmental assessments and remediation endeavours. The findings call for stringent regulations and collaborative efforts to address air pollution in Ubeji community comprehensively. 展开更多
关键词 air Quality Assessment BIOINDICATORS Ubeji Community Pollution Assessment
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Dynamic propagation velocity of a positive streamer in a 3 m air gap under lightning impulse voltage
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作者 李志伟 雷挺 +5 位作者 苏宇 姚修远 杨冰雪 刘德龙 律方成 丁玉剑 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期114-121,共8页
Streamers represent an important stage in the initiation of gap discharge. In this work, we used an eight-frame intensified charge-coupled device camera to capture the streamer development process when a lightning imp... Streamers represent an important stage in the initiation of gap discharge. In this work, we used an eight-frame intensified charge-coupled device camera to capture the streamer development process when a lightning impulse voltage of 95%–100% U50% was applied in a 3 m rod–plate gap and the streamer velocity was analyzed. Analysis of the observations shows that streamer velocity can be defined by three stages: rapid velocity decline(stage 1), rapid velocity rise(stage 2)and slow velocity decline(stage 3). The effects of electrode shape, applied voltage and gap breakdown or withstanding on streamer velocity were analyzed. The electrode with a larger radius of curvature will result in a higher initial velocity, and a higher voltage amplitude will cause the streamer to propagate faster at stage 3. Gap withstanding or breakdown has no obvious effect on streamer velocity. In addition, the experimental results are compared with previous results and the statistical characteristics of the primary streamer discharge are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 lightning impulse 3 m air gap development process streamer velocity
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Artificial ground freezing of underground mines in cold regions using thermosyphons with air insulation
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作者 Ahmad F.Zueter Mohammad Zolfagharroshan +1 位作者 Navid Bahrani Agus P.Sasmito 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期643-654,共12页
Current practice of underground artificial ground freezing(AGF)typically involves huge refrigeration systems of large economic and environmental costs.In this study,a novel AGF technique is proposed deploying availabl... Current practice of underground artificial ground freezing(AGF)typically involves huge refrigeration systems of large economic and environmental costs.In this study,a novel AGF technique is proposed deploying available cold wind in cold regions.This is achieved by a static heat transfer device called thermosyphon equipped with an air insulation layer.A refrigeration unit can be optionally integrated to meet additional cooling requirements.The introduction of air insulation isolates the thermosyphon from ground zones where freezing is not needed,resulting in:(1)steering the cooling resources(cold wind or refrigeration)towards zones of interest;and(2)minimizing refrigeration load.This design is demonstrated using well-validated mathematical models from our previous work based on two-phase enthalpy method of the ground coupled with a thermal resistance network for the thermosyphon.Two Canadian mines are considered:the Cigar Lake Mine and the Giant Mine.The results show that our proposed design can speed the freezing time by 30%at the Giant Mine and by two months at the Cigar Lake Mine.Further,a cooling load of 2.4 GWh can be saved at the Cigar Lake Mine.Overall,this study provides mining practitioners with sustainable solutions of underground AGF. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial ground freezing Underground mining Sustainable mining THERMOSYPHON air insulation Cold regions
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Analysis of the Erosion-Corrosion Mechanism of the Air Cooler in a Hydrocracking Unit:A Numerical and Experimental Study
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作者 Su Guoqing Li Yan +1 位作者 Guo Hongli Zhang Jianwen 《China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第1期126-138,共13页
Corrosion leakages often occur in the air cooler of a hydrocracking unit,with the failure sites mainly located in the entrance area of the tubes.An analysis of the macroscopic morphology and corrosion products confirm... Corrosion leakages often occur in the air cooler of a hydrocracking unit,with the failure sites mainly located in the entrance area of the tubes.An analysis of the macroscopic morphology and corrosion products confirmed that the damage was caused by erosion-corrosion(E-C).Numerical and experimental methods were applied to investigate the E-C mechanism in the air cooler.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)was used to calculate the hydrodynamic parameters of the air cooler.The results showed that there was a biased flow in the air cooler,which led to a significant increase in velocity,turbulent kinetic energy and wall shear within 0.2 m of the tube entrance.A visualization experiment was then performed to determine the principles of migration and transformation of multiphase flow in the air cooler tubes.Various flow patterns(pure droplet flow,mist flow,and annular flow)and their evolutionary processes were clearly depicted experimentally.The initiation mechanism and processes leading to the development of E-C in the air cooler were also determined.This study provided a comprehensive explanation for the E-C failures that occur in air coolers during operation. 展开更多
关键词 air cooler hydrocracking unit EROSION-CORROSION SIMULATION visualization experiment multiphase flow
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Air pressure law of a reservoir constructed in karst sinkholes
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作者 YU Bo TAI Shengping +4 位作者 ZHENG Kexun CHEN Shiwan HAN Xiao WANG Senlin ZUO Shuangying 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期1048-1057,共10页
Karst sinkholes with natural negative landform provide favorable conditions for the pumped storage reservoir construction for less excavation work.However,the construction of the reservoir would plug the natural karst... Karst sinkholes with natural negative landform provide favorable conditions for the pumped storage reservoir construction for less excavation work.However,the construction of the reservoir would plug the natural karst channels for water and air,which would cause remarkable air pressure in karst channels when the groundwater level fluctuates.A large laboratory simulation test was carried out to study the air pressure variation of a reservoir built on the karst sinkhole.The air pressure in the karst channel and inside the model was monitored during the groundwater rising and falling process.Result showed that the variation of air pressure in the karst channel and the surrounding rock exhibited a high degree of similarity.The air pressure increased rapidly at the initial stage of water level rising,followed by a slight decrease,then the air pressure increased sharply when the water level approached the top of the karst cave.The initial peak of air pressure and the final peak of air pressure were defined,and both air pressure peaks were linearly increasing with the water level rising rate.The negative air pressure was also analyzed during the drainage process,which was linearly correlated with the water level falling rate.The causes of air pressure variation in karst channels of a pumped storage reservoir built on the karst sinkhole were discussed.The initial rapid increase,then slight decrease and final sudden increase of air pressure were controlled by the combined effects of air compression in karst channel and air seepage into the surrounding rock.For the drainage process,the instant negative air pressure and gradual recovering of air pressure were controlled by the combined effects of negative air pressure induced by water level falling and air supply from surrounding rock.This work could provide valuable reference for the reservoir construction in karst area. 展开更多
关键词 Simulation test Karst sinkhole Pumped storage reservoir air pressure Flow rate
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KGTLIR:An Air Target Intention Recognition Model Based on Knowledge Graph and Deep Learning
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作者 Bo Cao Qinghua Xing +2 位作者 Longyue Li Huaixi Xing Zhanfu Song 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第7期1251-1275,共25页
As a core part of battlefield situational awareness,air target intention recognition plays an important role in modern air operations.Aiming at the problems of insufficient feature extraction and misclassification in ... As a core part of battlefield situational awareness,air target intention recognition plays an important role in modern air operations.Aiming at the problems of insufficient feature extraction and misclassification in intention recognition,this paper designs an air target intention recognition method(KGTLIR)based on Knowledge Graph and Deep Learning.Firstly,the intention recognition model based on Deep Learning is constructed to mine the temporal relationship of intention features using dilated causal convolution and the spatial relationship of intention features using a graph attention mechanism.Meanwhile,the accuracy,recall,and F1-score after iteration are introduced to dynamically adjust the sample weights to reduce the probability of misclassification.After that,an intention recognition model based on Knowledge Graph is constructed to predict the probability of the occurrence of different intentions of the target.Finally,the results of the two models are fused by evidence theory to obtain the target’s operational intention.Experiments show that the intention recognition accuracy of the KGTLIRmodel can reach 98.48%,which is not only better than most of the air target intention recognition methods,but also demonstrates better interpretability and trustworthiness. 展开更多
关键词 Dilated causal convolution graph attention mechanism intention recognition air targets knowledge graph
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Block Incremental Dense Tucker Decomposition with Application to Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Air Quality Data
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作者 SangSeok Lee HaeWon Moon Lee Sael 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第4期319-336,共18页
How can we efficiently store and mine dynamically generated dense tensors for modeling the behavior of multidimensional dynamic data?Much of the multidimensional dynamic data in the real world is generated in the form... How can we efficiently store and mine dynamically generated dense tensors for modeling the behavior of multidimensional dynamic data?Much of the multidimensional dynamic data in the real world is generated in the form of time-growing tensors.For example,air quality tensor data consists of multiple sensory values gathered from wide locations for a long time.Such data,accumulated over time,is redundant and consumes a lot ofmemory in its raw form.We need a way to efficiently store dynamically generated tensor data that increase over time and to model their behavior on demand between arbitrary time blocks.To this end,we propose a Block IncrementalDense Tucker Decomposition(BID-Tucker)method for efficient storage and on-demand modeling ofmultidimensional spatiotemporal data.Assuming that tensors come in unit blocks where only the time domain changes,our proposed BID-Tucker first slices the blocks into matrices and decomposes them via singular value decomposition(SVD).The SVDs of the time×space sliced matrices are stored instead of the raw tensor blocks to save space.When modeling from data is required at particular time blocks,the SVDs of corresponding time blocks are retrieved and incremented to be used for Tucker decomposition.The factor matrices and core tensor of the decomposed results can then be used for further data analysis.We compared our proposed BID-Tucker with D-Tucker,which our method extends,and vanilla Tucker decomposition.We show that our BID-Tucker is faster than both D-Tucker and vanilla Tucker decomposition and uses less memory for storage with a comparable reconstruction error.We applied our proposed BID-Tucker to model the spatial and temporal trends of air quality data collected in South Korea from 2018 to 2022.We were able to model the spatial and temporal air quality trends.We were also able to verify unusual events,such as chronic ozone alerts and large fire events. 展开更多
关键词 Dynamic decomposition tucker tensor tensor factorization spatiotemporal data tensor analysis air quality
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Rational Design of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Ferrites as Air Electrode for Highly Active and Durable Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cells
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作者 Na Yu Idris Temitope Bello +4 位作者 Xi Chen Tong Liu Zheng Li Yufei Song Meng Ni 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期308-324,共17页
Reversible protonic ceramic cells(RePCCs)hold promise for efficient energy storage,but their practicality is hindered by a lack of high-performance air electrode materials.Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Sr_(3)Fe_(2)O_(7... Reversible protonic ceramic cells(RePCCs)hold promise for efficient energy storage,but their practicality is hindered by a lack of high-performance air electrode materials.Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Sr_(3)Fe_(2)O_(7−δ)(SF)exhibits superior proton uptake and rapid ionic conduction,boosting activity.However,excessive proton uptake during RePCC operation degrades SF’s crystal structure,impacting durability.This study introduces a novel A/B-sites co-substitution strategy for modifying air electrodes,incorporating Sr-deficiency and Nb-substitution to create Sr_(2.8)Fe_(1.8)Nb_(0.2)O_(7−δ)(D-SFN).Nb stabilizes SF’s crystal,curbing excessive phase formation,and Sr-deficiency boosts oxygen vacancy concentration,optimizing oxygen transport.The D-SFN electrode demonstrates outstanding activity and durability,achieving a peak power density of 596 mW cm^(−2)in fuel cell mode and a current density of−1.19 A cm^(−2)in electrolysis mode at 1.3 V,650℃,with excellent cycling durability.This approach holds the potential for advancing robust and efficient air electrodes in RePCCs for renewable energy storage. 展开更多
关键词 Reversible protonic ceramic cells air electrode Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite HYDRATION Oxygen reduction reaction
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Comparative analysis of thermodynamic and mechanical responses between underground hydrogen storage and compressed air energy storage in lined rock caverns
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作者 Bowen Hu Liyuan Yu +5 位作者 Xianzhen Mi Fei Xu Shuchen Li Wei Li Chao Wei Tao Zhang 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期531-543,共13页
Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)and compressed air energy storage(CAES)are two viable largescale energy storage technologies for mitigating the intermittency of wind and solar power.Therefore,it is meaningful to comp... Underground hydrogen storage(UHS)and compressed air energy storage(CAES)are two viable largescale energy storage technologies for mitigating the intermittency of wind and solar power.Therefore,it is meaningful to compare the properties of hydrogen and air with typical thermodynamic storage processes.This study employs a multi-physical coupling model to compare the operations of CAES and UHS,integrating gas thermodynamics within caverns,thermal conduction,and mechanical deformation around rock caverns.Gas thermodynamic responses are validated using additional simulations and the field test data.Temperature and pressure variations of air and hydrogen within rock caverns exhibit similarities under both adiabatic and diabatic simulation modes.Hydrogen reaches higher temperature and pressure following gas charging stage compared to air,and the ideal gas assumption may lead to overestimation of gas temperature and pressure.Unlike steel lining of CAES,the sealing layer(fibre-reinforced plastic FRP)in UHS is prone to deformation but can effectively mitigates stress in the sealing layer.In CAES,the first principal stress on the surface of the sealing layer and concrete lining is tensile stress,whereas UHS exhibits compressive stress in the same areas.Our present research can provide references for the selection of energy storage methods. 展开更多
关键词 Underground hydrogen storage Compressed air energy storage Mechanical response Thermodynamic response Lined rock caverns
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Factors Influencing the Spatial Variability of Air Temperature Urban Heat Island Intensity in Chinese Cities
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作者 Heng LYU Wei WANG +3 位作者 Keer ZHANG Chang CAO Wei XIAO Xuhui LEE 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期817-829,共13页
Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island(AUHI)and its controlling factors.In this study,the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spat... Few studies have investigated the spatial patterns of the air temperature urban heat island(AUHI)and its controlling factors.In this study,the data generated by an urban climate model were used to investigate the spatial variations of the AUHI across China and the underlying climate and ecological drivers.A total of 355 urban clusters were used.We performed an attribution analysis of the AUHI to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its formation.The results show that the midday AUHI is negatively correlated with climate wetness(humid:0.34 K;semi-humid:0.50 K;semi-arid:0.73 K).The annual mean midnight AUHI does not show discernible spatial patterns,but is generally stronger than the midday AUHI.The urban–rural difference in convection efficiency is the largest contributor to the midday AUHI in the humid(0.32±0.09 K)and the semi-arid(0.36±0.11 K)climate zones.The release of anthropogenic heat from urban land is the dominant contributor to the midnight AUHI in all three climate zones.The rural vegetation density is the most important driver of the daytime and nighttime AUHI spatial variations.A spatial covariance analysis revealed that this vegetation influence is manifested mainly through its regulation of heat storage in rural land. 展开更多
关键词 air temperature urban heat island spatial variations biophysical drivers Chinese cities climate model
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Surface air temperature change in the Wuyi Mountains,southeast China
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作者 QIN Yihui WEI Yuxing +6 位作者 LU Jiayi MAO Jiahui CHEN Xingwei GAO Lu CHEN Ying LIU Meibing DENG Haijun 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第6期1992-2004,共13页
Detecting changes in surface air temperature in mid-and low-altitude mountainous regions is essential for a comprehensive understanding of warming trend with altitude.We use daily surface air temperature data from 64 ... Detecting changes in surface air temperature in mid-and low-altitude mountainous regions is essential for a comprehensive understanding of warming trend with altitude.We use daily surface air temperature data from 64 meteorological stations in Wuyi Mountains and its adjacent regions to analyze the spatio-temporal patterns of temperature change.The results show that Wuyi Mountains have experienced significant warming from 1961 to 2018.The warming trend of the mean temperature is 0.20℃/decade,the maximum temperature is 0.17℃/decade,and the minimum temperature is 0.26℃/decade.In 1961-1990,more than 63%of the stations showed a decreasing trend in annual mean temperature,mainly because the maximum temperature decreased during this period.However,in 1971-2000,1981-2010 and 1991-2018,the maximum,minimum and mean temperatures increased.The fastest increasing trend of mean temperature occurred in the southeastern coastal plains,the quickest increasing trend of maximum temperature occurred in the northwestern mountainous region,and the increase of minimum temperature occurred faster in the southeastern coastal and northwestern mountainous regions than that in the central area.Meanwhile,this study suggests that elevation does not affect warming in the Wuyi Mountains.These results are beneficial for understanding climate change in humid subtropical middle and low mountains. 展开更多
关键词 Climate change Surface air temperature Temporal and spatial changes Mann-Kendall nonparametric test Wuyi Mountains
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Recent progress of self-supported air electrodes for flexible Zn-air batteries
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作者 Chen Xu Yanli Niu +5 位作者 Vonika Ka-Man Au Shuaiqi Gong Xuan Liu Jianying Wang Deli Wu Zuofeng Chen 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期110-136,I0004,共28页
Smart wearable devices are regarded to be the next prevailing technology product after smartphones and smart homes,and thus there has recently been rapid development in flexible electronic energy storage devices.Among... Smart wearable devices are regarded to be the next prevailing technology product after smartphones and smart homes,and thus there has recently been rapid development in flexible electronic energy storage devices.Among them,flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries have received widespread attention because of their high energy density,good safety,and stability.Efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are the primary consideration in the development of flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries,and self-supported air cathodes are strong candidates because of their advantages including simplified fabrication process,reduced interfacial resistance,accelerated electron transfer,and good flexibility.This review outlines the research progress in the design and construction of nanoarray bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.Starting from the configuration and basic principles of zinc-air batteries and the strategies for the design of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts,a detailed discussion of self-supported air cathodes on carbon and metal substrates and their uses in flexible zinc-air batteries will follow.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the development of flexible zinc-air batteries will be discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Bifunctional electrocatalysts Oxygen reduction reaction Oxygen evolution reaction Self-supported air electrodes Flexible zinc-air batteries
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Audio-Text Multimodal Speech Recognition via Dual-Tower Architecture for Mandarin Air Traffic Control Communications
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作者 Shuting Ge Jin Ren +3 位作者 Yihua Shi Yujun Zhang Shunzhi Yang Jinfeng Yang 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期3215-3245,共31页
In air traffic control communications (ATCC), misunderstandings between pilots and controllers could result in fatal aviation accidents. Fortunately, advanced automatic speech recognition technology has emerged as a p... In air traffic control communications (ATCC), misunderstandings between pilots and controllers could result in fatal aviation accidents. Fortunately, advanced automatic speech recognition technology has emerged as a promising means of preventing miscommunications and enhancing aviation safety. However, most existing speech recognition methods merely incorporate external language models on the decoder side, leading to insufficient semantic alignment between speech and text modalities during the encoding phase. Furthermore, it is challenging to model acoustic context dependencies over long distances due to the longer speech sequences than text, especially for the extended ATCC data. To address these issues, we propose a speech-text multimodal dual-tower architecture for speech recognition. It employs cross-modal interactions to achieve close semantic alignment during the encoding stage and strengthen its capabilities in modeling auditory long-distance context dependencies. In addition, a two-stage training strategy is elaborately devised to derive semantics-aware acoustic representations effectively. The first stage focuses on pre-training the speech-text multimodal encoding module to enhance inter-modal semantic alignment and aural long-distance context dependencies. The second stage fine-tunes the entire network to bridge the input modality variation gap between the training and inference phases and boost generalization performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed speech-text multimodal speech recognition method on the ATCC and AISHELL-1 datasets. It reduces the character error rate to 6.54% and 8.73%, respectively, and exhibits substantial performance gains of 28.76% and 23.82% compared with the best baseline model. The case studies indicate that the obtained semantics-aware acoustic representations aid in accurately recognizing terms with similar pronunciations but distinctive semantics. The research provides a novel modeling paradigm for semantics-aware speech recognition in air traffic control communications, which could contribute to the advancement of intelligent and efficient aviation safety management. 展开更多
关键词 Speech-text multimodal automatic speech recognition semantic alignment air traffic control communications dual-tower architecture
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