Effect of lysozyme chloride on betel quid chewing aggravated gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcer in diabetic rats

AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of lysozyme chloride on betel quid chewing （BQC） aggravated gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcer in rats with diabetes mellitus （DM）. METHODS： Male Wistar rats were challenged intravenously with streptozotocin （65 mg/kg） to induce DM. Rats were fed with regular pellet food or BQC-containing diets. Afcer 90 d, rats were deprived of food for 24 h. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with normal saline or simulated gastric juice. Rats were killed and gastric specimens were harvested. RESULTS： An enhancement of various gastric ulcerogenic parameters, including acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, as well as decreased glutathione levels and mucus content, were observed in DM rats. Afcer feeding DM rats with BQC, an exacerbation of these ulcerogenic parameters was achieved. Gastric juice caused a further aggravation of these ulcerogenic parameters. Daily intragastric lysozyme chloride dose-dependently inhibited exacerbation of various ulcerogenic parameters in those BQC-fed DM rats. CONCLUSION： （1） Gastric juice could aggravate both DM and BQC-fed DM rat hemorrhagic ulcer; （2） BQC exacerbated gastric hemorrhagic ulcer in DM rats via enhancing oxidative stress and reducing defensive factors; （3） lysozyme chloride effectively protected BQC aggravated gastric damage in DM rats.

Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin(UTI)on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham-operated control group(SO group),ischemia-reperfusion group(I/R group)and ulinastatin group(UTI group).Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfusion after 30 min of ischemia.In UTI group,UTI(2×104 U/kg)was administered to rats 30 min before modeling.The levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined.The histological changes of liver were observed.Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group(P<0.05).The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group(P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical,and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.