Multi-field coupling and free vibration of a sandwiched functionally-graded piezoelectric semiconductor plate

Sandwiched functionally-graded piezoelectric semiconductor(FGPS)plates possess high strength and excellent piezoelectric and semiconductor properties,and have significant potential applications in micro-electro-mechanical systems.The multi-field coupling and free vibration of a sandwiched FGPS plate are studied,and the governing equation and natural frequency are derived with the consideration of electron movement.The material properties in the functionally-graded layers are assumed to vary smoothly,and the first-order shear deformation theory is introduced to derive the multi-field coupling in the plate.The total strain energy of the plate is obtained,and the governing equations are presented by using Hamilton’s principle.By introducing the boundary conditions,the coupling physical fields are solved.In numerical examples,the natural frequencies of sandwiched FGPS plates under different geometrical and physical parameters are discussed.It is found that the initial electron density can be used to modulate the natural frequencies and vibrational displacement of sandwiched FGPS plates in the case of nano-size.The effects of the material properties of FGPS layers on the natural frequencies are also examined in detail.

Single Photon Scattering in a Pair of Waveguides Coupled by a Whispering-Gallery Resonator Interacting with a Semiconductor Quantum Dot

The single photon scattering properties in a pair of waveguides coupled by a whispering-gallery resonator in- teracting with a semiconductor quantum dot are investigated theoretically. The two waveguides support four possible ports for an incident single photon. The quantum dot is considered a V-type system. The incident direction-dependent single photon scattering properties are studied and equal-output probability from the four ports for a single photon incident is discussed. The influences of backscattering between the two modes of the whispering-gallery resonator for incident direction-dependent single photon scattering properties are also pre- sented.

Multi-target ranging using an optical reservoir computing approach in the laterally coupled semiconductor lasers with self-feedback

We utilize three parallel reservoir computers using semiconductor lasers with optical feedback and light injection to model radar probe signals with delays.Three radar probe signals are generated by driving lasers constructed by a threeelement laser array with self-feedback.The response lasers are implemented also by a three-element lase array with both delay-time feedback and optical injection,which are utilized as nonlinear nodes to realize the reservoirs.We show that each delayed radar probe signal can be predicted well and to synchronize with its corresponding trained reservoir,even when parameter mismatches exist between the response laser array and the driving laser array.Based on this,the three synchronous probe signals are utilized for ranging to three targets,respectively,using Hilbert transform.It is demonstrated that the relative errors for ranging can be very small and less than 0.6%.Our findings show that optical reservoir computing provides an effective way for applications of target ranging.

Single-mode lasing in a coupled twin circular-side-octagon microcavity

We demonstrate the curvature of coupled twin circular-side-octagon microcavity(TCOM)lasers as the degree of freedom to realize manipulation of mode quality(Q)factor and lasing characteristics.Numerical simulation results indicate that mode Q factors varying from 10^(4) to 10^(8),wavelength intervals of different transverse modes,and mode numbers for four-bounce modes can be manipulated for five different deformations.Global mode distributes throughout coupled microcavity with mode Q factor around the order of 10^(4) or 10^(5).Four-bounce modes lase with injection currents applied single microcavity.By pumping both microcavities simultaneously,single-mode lasing for global modes with side mode suppression ratios(SMSRs)of 30,32,32,31,and 36 dB is achieved at the deformation of 0,0.5,1,1.5,and 2 with four-bounce modes suppressed,respectively.Moreover,the linewidths less than 11 MHz for the single mode are obtained with the deformation of 2.The results show that the lasing modes can be efficiently manipulated considering variable curvature for TCOM lasers,which can promote practical applications of microcavity lasers.

Interlayer exchange coupling in (Ga,Mn) As ferromagnetic semiconductor multilayer systems

This paper describes interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) phenomena in ferromagnetic multilayer structures, focusing on the unique IEC features observed in ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As-based systems. The dependence of IEC on the structural parameters, such as non-magnetic spacer thickness, number of magnetic layers, and carrier density in the systems has been investigated by using magnetotransport measurements. The samples in the series show both a typical anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and giant magnetoresistance (GMR)-like effects indicating realization of both ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) IEC in (Ga,Mn)As-based multilayer structures. The results revealed that the presence of carriers in the nonmagnetic spacer is an important factor to realize AFM IEC in this system. The studies further reveal that the IEC occurs over a much longer distance than predicted by current theories, strongly suggesting that the IEC in (Ga,Mn)As-based multilayers is a long-range interaction. Due to the long-range nature of IEC in the (Ga,Mn)As-based systems, the next nearest neighbor (NNN) IEC cannot be ignored and results in multi-step transitions during magnetization reversal that correspond to diverse spin configurations in the system. The strength of NNN IEC was experimentally determined by measuring minor loops that correspond to magnetization flips in specific (Ga,Mn)As layer in the multilayer system.

Fabrication of 1.3μm InGaAsP/InP Gain-Coupled DFB Lasers with Loss Grating Using LPE Technique

In this paper,the fabrication of 1.3μm InGaAsP/InP gain-coupled DFB lasers with lossgrating is reported for the first time.A technique of regrowth on corrugated surface usingLPE is developed.By using GaAs as the cover of thermal protection and controlling theamount of the super cooling,high quality epitxial layers on corrugated surface are obtained.The oxide stripe lasers with a stripe width of 20μm are fabricated.Single-mode oscillation isachieved at 1.293μm,and a high single-mode oscillation yield is also obtained.

Current-induced nonequilibrium spin polarization in semiconductor-nanowire/s-wave superconductor junctions with strong spin–orbit coupling

We have studied the characteristics of current-induced nonequilibrium spin polarization in semiconductor-nanowire/swave superconductor junctions with strong spin–orbit coupling. It was found that within some parameter regions the magnitude of the current-induced nonequilibrium spin polarization density in such structures will increase（or decrease） with the decrease（or increase） of the charge current density, in contrast to that found in normal spin–orbit coupled semiconductor structures. It was also found that the unusual characteristics of the current-induced nonequilibrium spin polarization in such structures can be well explained by the effect of the Andreev reflection.

Influence of spin–orbit coupling on spin-polarized electronic transport in magnetic semiconductor nanowires with nanosized sharp domain walls

Influence of spin–orbit coupling on spin-polarized electronic transport in magnetic semiconductor nanowires with nanosized sharp domain walls is investigated theoretically.It is shown that the Rashba spin–orbit coupling can enhance significantly the spin-flip scattering of charge carriers from a nanosized sharp domain wall whose extension is much smaller than the carrier＇s Fermi wavelength.When there are more than one domain wall presented in a magnetic semiconductor nanowire,not only the spin-flip scattering of charge carriers from the domain walls but the quantum interference of charge carriers in the intermediate domain regions between neighboring domain walls may play important roles on spin-polarized electronic transport,and in such cases the influences of the Rashba spin–orbit coupling will depend sensitively both on the domain walls＇ width and the domain walls＇ separation.

The influence of the Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling on the tunnelling magnetoresistance in ferromagnet/ insulator /semiconductor/ insulator /ferromagnet tunnel junctions

This paper investigates the effect of Dresselhaus spin orbit coupling on the spin-transport properties of ferromagnet/insulator/semiconductor/insulator/ferromagnet double-barrier structures. The influence of the thickness of the insulator between the ferromagnet and the semiconductor on the polarization is also considered. The obtained results indicate that （i） the polarization can be enhanced by reducing the insulator layers at zero temperature, and （ii） the tunnelling magnetoresistance inversion can be illustrated by the influence of the Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling effect in the double-barrier structure. Due to the Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling effect, the tunnelling magnetoresistance inversion occurs when the energy of a localized state in the barrier matches the Fermi energy EF of the ferromagnetic electrodes.

Nonlinear magneto-mechanical-thermo coupling characteristic analysis for transport behaviors of carriers in composite multiferroic piezoelectric semiconductor nanoplates with surface effect

In this paper,to better reveal the surface effect and the screening effect as well as the nonlinear multi-field coupling characteristic of the multifunctional piezoelectric semiconductor(PS)nanodevice,and to further improve its working performance,a magneto-mechanical-thermo coupling theoretical model is theoretically established for the extensional analysis of a three-layered magneto-electro-semiconductor coupling laminated nanoplate with the surface effect.Next,by using the current theoretical model,some numerical analyses and discussion about the surface effect,the corresponding critical thickness of the nanoplate,and the distributions of the physical fields(including the electron concentration perturbation,the electric potential,the electric field,the average electric displacement,the effective polarization charge density,and the total charge density)under different initial state electron concentrations,as well as their active manipulation via some external magnetic field,pre-stress,and temperature stimuli,are performed.Utilizing the nonlinear multi-field coupling effect induced by inevitable external stimuli in the device operating environment,this paper not only provides theoretical support for understanding the size-dependent tuning/controlling of carrier transport as well as its screening effect,but also assists the design of a series of multiferroic PS nanodevices.

内置温控多模耦合半导体激光器研究

随着半导体激光光源在通信、探测等领域应用的不断扩展,常规多模半导体光纤耦合模块功率温度特性不能满足使用需求,因此有必要研制高稳定性多模耦合半导体激光器。研制了一种内置温控的多模耦合半导体激光器。针对器件的封装耦合进行了光纤耦合设计和散热设计,并对制作的器件的光电参数进行了测试,重点测试了宽温范围内的输出功率与功率变化率。测试结果表明:光纤芯径为105μm、数值孔径(NA)为0.22时,室温下光纤输出功率大于3.1 W,耦合效率达到94%以上;在温度范围-45~70℃内,典型温度点下输出功率变化率低于1%。该内置温控多模耦合半导体激光器的研制为半导体激光器在泵浦领域的进一步应用提供了技术参考。

用于射频能量收集的低阈值CMOS整流电路设计

基于TSMC 180 nm工艺,设计了一款高效率低阈值整流电路。在传统差分输入交叉耦合整流电路的基础上,提出源极与衬底之间增加双PMOS对称辅助晶体管配合缓冲电容的改进结构,对整流晶体管进行阈值补偿。有效缓解了MOS管的衬底偏置效应,降低了整流电路的开启阈值电压,针对较低输入信号功率,提高了整流电路的功率转换效率(PCE)。同时将低阈值整流电路三级级联以提高输出电压。测试结果显示,在输入信号功率为-14 dBm@915 MHz时,三级级联低阈值整流电路实现了升压功能,能稳定输出1.2 V电压,峰值PCE约为71.32%。相较于传统结构,该低阈值整流电路更适合用于射频能量收集。

自旋-轨道耦合对双层钙钛矿Ba_(2)CoOsO_(6)电磁性质的影响

采用第一性原理计算方法,研究了双层钙钛矿氧化物Ba_(2)CoOsO_(6)的晶体结构、电子结构及自旋-轨道耦合作用(SOC)对其电磁性质的影响,并分析电子结构和自旋-轨道耦合作用对其宏观物理性质的影响.结果表明:Ba_(2)CoOsO_(6)为反铁磁窄带隙半导体,存在Os1/Co1反位缺陷;电子结构的分析结果证实了Ba_(2)CoOsO_(6)的电荷分布为Ba_(2)^(2+)Co^(2+)Os^(6+)O_(6)^(2-),确定了2价Co离子和6价Os离子的存在;SOC的存在减小了Co离子和Os离子的自旋磁矩,同时减小了带隙;根据第一性原理计算结果可知,自旋-轨道耦合作用对电子结构和电磁性质的影响不可忽视,相较于其他方法,该方法计算值与试验分析结果更接近,也验证了理论计算的准确性.

电子在自旋-轨道耦合调制下磁受限半导体纳米结构中的传输时间及其自旋极化

通过考虑构筑在半导体GaAs/Al_(x)Ga_(1–x)As异质结上的磁受限半导体纳米结构中的塞曼效应和自旋-轨道耦合,本文采用理论分析和数值计算相结合的方法研究了电子的传输时间与自旋极化.利用矩阵对角化和改进的转移矩阵方法,数值求解电子的薛定谔方程;采用H.G.Winful理论求电子的居留时间,并计算自旋极化率.由于塞曼效应与自旋-轨道耦合,电子的居留时间明显地与其自旋有关,因此可在时间维度上分离自旋、实现半导体中电子的自旋极化.因为半导体GaAs的有效g-因子很小,电子自旋极化主要源于自旋-轨道耦合,大约为塞曼效应引起的自旋极化的4倍.由于电子的有效势与自旋-轨道耦合的强度有关,电子的居留时间及其自旋极化可通过界面限制电场或应力工程进行有效调控.这些有趣的结果不仅对半导体自旋注入具有参考价值,而且还可为半导体自旋电子学器件应用提供时间电子自旋分裂器.

Highly Active Interfacial Sites in SFT-SnO_(2) Heterojunction Electrolyte for Enhanced Fuel Cell Performance via Engineered Energy Bands:Envisioned Theoretically and Experimentally

Extending the ionic conductivity is the pre-requisite of electrolytes in fuel cell technology for high-electrochemical performance.In this regard,the introduction of semiconductor-oxide materials and the approach of heterostructure formation by modulating energy bands to enhance ionic conduction acting as an electrolyte in fuel cell-device.Semiconductor(n-type;SnO_(2))plays a key role by introducing into p-type SrFe_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(SFT)semiconductor perovskite materials to construct p-n heterojunction for high ionic conductivity.Therefore,two different composites of SFT and SnO_(2)are constructed by gluing p-and n-type SFT-SnO_(2),where the optimal composition of SFT-SnO_(2)(6∶4)heterostructure electrolyte-based fuel cell achieved excellent ionic conductivity 0.24 S cm^(-1)with power-output of 1004 mW cm^(-2)and high OCV 1.12 V at a low operational temperature of 500℃.The high power-output and significant ionic conductivity with durable operation of 54 h are accredited to SFT-SnO_(2)heterojunction formation including interfacial conduction assisted by a built-in electric field in fuel cell device.Moreover,the fuel conversion efficiency and considerable Faradaic efficiency reveal the compatibility of SFT-SnO_(2)heterostructure electrolyte and ruled-out short-circuiting issue.Further,the first principle calculation provides sufficient information on structure optimization and energy-band structure modulation of SFT-SnO_(2).This strategy will provide new insight into semiconductor-based fuel cell technology to design novel electrolytes.

Double Covalency Factors and DoubleξModel in Study on Optical and Magnetic Properties of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors ZnX∶Co~ 2+

The optical absorption spectra of the covalent crystals ZnX(X=S,Se) doped with Co 2+ are studied using the double covalency factors,which considers the anisotropic distortion of e g and t 2g orbits for d electron.When the paramagnetic g factor is calculated,the contributions of the spin orbit coupling from the ligand ions are taken into account besides that from the central ion,which is the double ξ model.The calculated results indicate that the theoretical values coincide with the experimental values very well.This suggests that the method presented in this paper could be more valid to some strongly covalent crystals.

基于电-热-结构耦合分析的SiC MOSFET可靠性研究

作为应用前景广阔的功率器件,SiC金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)的可靠性分析至关重要。基于结构几何、材料特性和边界条件的建模方法可以显著缩短失效分析周期。考虑器件电阻随温度变化的特性,构建电-热-结构耦合的有限元模型,针对健康状态及不同失效模式进行温度和应力研究。结果表明,功率循环过程中键合线与芯片连接处受到的热应力最大,焊料层与芯片接触面的边缘位置次之;键合线失效对器件寿命影响最大,且焊料层中心空洞产生的应力大于边缘空洞产生的应力。仿真结果可为提升器件可靠性提供重要参考。

新能源汽车高压系统的典型EMC问题与挑战

高压、高频功率器件已广泛应用于车载功率变换领域,车载高压系统已成为新能源汽车最主要的干扰源。高压系统不断向高集成化快速进步,其电磁传导和辐射路径更加复杂,致使车内外电磁环境日益恶化。文章基于电动汽车产品的正向电磁兼容性(EMC)研发和测试实践,结合行业最近研究进展和需要,围绕车载高压系统典型干扰源特性、高压系统内电磁耦合及系统间电磁耦合、电磁滤波设计与新型抑制措施等方面,对车载高压系统存在的EMC典型问题及其挑战进行了阐述,也提出开展电驱动系统台架测试与整车测试之间结果关联性探索研究的必要性。

Applications of Huang–Rhys theory in semiconductor optical spectroscopy

A brief review of Huang–Rhys theory and Albrechtos theory is provided,and their connection and applications are discussed.The former is a first order perturbative theory on optical transitions intended for applications such as absorption and emission involving localized defect or impurity centers,emphasizing lattice relaxation or mixing of vibrational states due to electron–phonon coupling.The coupling strength is described by the Huang–Rhys factor.The latter theory is a second order perturbative theory on optical transitions intended for Raman scattering,and can in-principle include electron–phonon coupling in both electronic states and vibrational states.These two theories can potentially be connected through the common effect of lattice relaxation – non-orthonormal vibrational states associated with different electronic states.Because of this perceived connection,the latter theory is often used to explain resonant Raman scattering of LO phonons in bulk semiconductors and further used to describe the size dependence of electron–phonon coupling or Huang–Rhys factor in semiconductor nanostructures.Specifically,the A term in Albrechtos theory is often invoked to describe the multi-LO-phonon resonant Raman peaks in both bulk and nanostructured semiconductors in the literature,due to the misconception that a free-exciton could have a strong lattice relaxation.Without lattice relaxation,the A term will give rise to Rayleigh or elastic scattering.Lattice relaxation is only significant for highly localized defect or impurity states,and should be practically zero for either single particle states or free exciton states in a bulk semiconductor or for confined states in a semiconductor nanostructure that is not extremely small.

Studies on Linear and Nonlinear Intersubband Optical Absorptions in a Wurtzite AlGaN/GaN Coupling Quantum Well

Based on the density matrix approach and iterative procedure, a detailed procedure for the calculation of the linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorption coefficients is given in wurtzite GaN-based coupling quantum wells （CQWs）. The simple analytical formulas for electronic eigenstates and the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients in the systems are also deduced. Numerical result on a typical A1GaN/GaN CQW shows that, the linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients sensitively depend on the structural parameters of the CQW system as well as the incident optics beam intensity.