Occludin and connexin 43 expression contribute to the pathogenesis of traumatic brain edema

The experimental model of traumatic brain injury was established in Sprague-Dawley rats according to Feeney＇s free falling method. The brains were harvested at 2, 6 and 24 hours, and at 3 and 5 days after injury. Changes in brain water content were determined using the wet and dry weights. Our results showed that water content of tissue significantly increased after traumatic brain injury, and reached minimum at 24 hours. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed pathological impairment of brain tissue at each time point after injury, particularly at 3 days, with nerve cell edema, degenera- tion, and necrosis observed, and the apoptotic rate significantly increased. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of occludin at the injured site gradually de- creased as injury time advanced and reached a minimum at 3 days after injury; the expression of connexin 43 gradually increased as injury time advanced and reached a peak at 24 hours after in-jury. The experimental findings indicate that changes in occludin and connexin 43 expression were consistent with the development of brain edema, and may reflect the pathogenesis of brain injury.

Studies on Parkinson’s-Disease-Linked Genes, Brain Urea Levels and Histopathology in Rotenone Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurological disorder that affects the aged population globally. This study aimed to explore how oral- and intraperitoneal-rotenone-induced PD alters brain urea levels, histopathology, and key Parkinsonism-related genes in the striatum. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histopathology assessment and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for gene expression. Rotenone 3 mg/kg body weight (Rot-3-ip) for 21 days and rotenone 50 mg/kg body weight (Rot-50-po) for 28 days significantly (p < 0.05) altered alpha-synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression and Snca, Becn1 and Prkaa1 gene expression in the striatum. Lewy bodies were visible in both Rot-3-ip and Rot-50-po rat brains. There were contrasting features in brain and liver histopathology between the oral and intraperitoneal rotenone treatment groups. However, there was no significant (p < 0.05) difference in the brain urea levels between intraperitoneal and oral rotenone treatment groups. The propagation of PD through oral and intraperitoneal rotenone can have different impacts on the pathological sequence of events based on the molecular approach.

Catamnestic Observation of Premature Newborns with Nervous System Injury in the Kyrgyz Republic

Background: Recently, among child disability disorders nervous system diseases are prevailing 19.5%, while mental disorders are 14.3% and congenital malformations 21%. In most cases, children’s neurological disability is associated with pathology during the perinatal period, while 24% of patients have a cerebral impairment. Premature newborns perished 30 to 35 times more often than in-time newborns, and perinatal mortality in case of premature pregnancies is 30 to 40 times higher than in term delivery. Aim: This article is studying catamnestic observation of premature newborns with nervous system injury and with perinatal pathology in Kyrgyzstan for the period 2020-2021. Preterm newborns’ anthropometric characteristics and main diagnoses associated with diseases in the gestational period were shown. Methods: A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination including premature newborns health dynamic monitoring with gestational age from 28 to 36 weeks, who were treated in the neonatal pathology department of the Regional Maternity Hospital in Osh for the period from 2020-2021 were carried out. Literature review analysis from PubMed database, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and clinical trials performed. Results: after clinical examination, it was revealed that pregnancy and childbirth in all mothers of the studied group passed with complications. In mothers of the studying group, the most common pathologies during pregnancy were chronic fetal hypoxia 49 (58.4%), acute respiratory infections 28 (33.4%), the threat of termination of pregnancy 20 (23.9%), preeclampsia 16 (19.11%), sexually transmitted infections 9 (10.8%), pyelonephritis 14 (16.7%), polyhydramnios 9 (10.8%), 71 children (84.6%) were born with asphyxiation and 25 children extracted by cesarean section with varying degrees of severity. Conclusions: Depending on the severity of the perinatal lesion of the nervous system and pathological factor effects, it is very important to start early habilitation measures with preterm newborns who are at risk of developmental delay deviations, and to exit disabling disorders.