The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly

With the extreme drought(flood)event in southern China from July to August in 2022(1999)as the research object,based on the comprehensive diagnosis and composite analysis on the anomalous drought and flood years from July to August in 1961-2022,it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of the vertically integrated moisture flux(VIMF)anomaly circulation pattern and the VIMF convergence(VIMFC)anomaly in southern China in drought and flood years,and the VIMFC,a physical quantity,can be regarded as an indicative physical factor for the"strong signal"of drought and flood in southern China.Specifically,in drought years,the VIMF anomaly in southern China is an anticyclonic circulation pattern and the divergence characteristics of the VIMFC are prominent,while those are opposite in flood years.Based on the SST anomaly in the typical draught year of 2022 in southern China and the SST deviation distribution characteristics of abnormal draught and flood years from 1961 to 2022,five SST high impact areas(i.e.,the North Pacific Ocean,Northwest Pacific Ocean,Southwest Pacific Ocean,Indian Ocean,and East Pacific Ocean)are selected via the correlation analysis of VIMFC and the global SST in the preceding months(May and June)and in the study period(July and August)in 1961-2022,and their contributions to drought and flood in southern China are quantified.Our study reveals not only the persistent anomalous variation of SST in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also its impact on the pattern of moisture transport.Furthermore,it can be discovered from the positive and negative phase fitting of SST that the SST composite flow field in high impact areas can exhibit two types of anomalous moisture transport structures that are opposite to each other,namely an anticyclonic(cyclonic)circulation pattern anomaly in southern China and the coastal areas of east China.These two types of opposite anomalous moisture transport structures can not only drive the formation of drought(flood)in southern China but also exert its influence on the persistent development of the extreme weather.

The Mesozoic Basin-Mountain Coupling Process of the Southern East China Sea Shelf Basin and its Adjacent Land Area

Basin-mountain coupling is a key issue for basin formation and evolution. The analysis of basin-mountain coupling process, as well as quantitative or semiquantitative restoration of prototype basin and the evolution of continental margin, can be used to interpret the geological process of basin-range conversion and reconstruct early prototype basins, which is a difficult and leadin~ scientific oroblem of basin research.

A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the southern Africa region

A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the African south region allows reading and evaluating the similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for protected areas and specifi- cally some positive and negative features of the management approaches in these two regions. Previous to this study it verified the designation of protected areas as increasing at a faster rate than ever before, comparatively much faster now in China than southern Africa regions. With the aim of evaluating similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for pro- tected areas in China and southern Africa Region, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Qualitative data were mainly from policy documents, scientific articles and magazine reports, whereas quantitative （secondary data） statistical data from Interna- tional Union for Conservation of Nature Resources （IUCN） and World Database on Protected Areas （WDPA）. In view of the data sources above, the study found that in China all the protected areas are state owned whilst in southern Africa regions there are some protected areas that are privately owned; also that the models or typology of governance applied are successful for the fact that they both combine co-management or collaborative management, community-conserved areas and private protected areas that are subject to greater success and can help design planning and management than those who use exclusively government management. To this, the study concluded that the use of management model is influenced by the type of governance a country applies to its reserved areas.

Study on the Countermeasures of Eco-environment Conservation in the Mountainous Areas of Southern Ningxia under New Situation

Under the implementation of principal functional zoning,further promotion of western development,regional migration,new countryside construction,global warming and so on,the spatial adjustment of regional industry and its structure must be enforced.The spatial adjustment and arrangement of population and economy in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia could create tremendous opportunity for its eco-environment conservation.Based on analysis on the opportunity and challenge of eco-environment conservation in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia,some countermeasures of eco-environment conservation were discussed in the paper,so as to provide some theoretical references for the eco-environment conservation in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia.

中部欠发达地区实现协调发展要处理好五大关系--兼论加快推进陕南地区高质量发展

我国幅员辽阔、地形复杂、人口众多,各地自然条件、资源禀赋差异较大,区域统筹发展关系重大。受经济、文化、历史和区位等诸多因素影响,不仅中西部地区与东部地区存在差距,中部地区一些省份内部的发展也有梯度差异。陕西作为共建“一带一路”向西开放的前沿地区,其南北差异明显、互补性较弱、区域之间发展不平衡不充分的问题较为突出。陕南地区占陕西总面积的35%以上,而2023年其经济总量在陕西经济总量中的占比却为11.7%,传统产业比重较高,新兴产业、高技术产业和高端服务业发展不足,区域内部经济发展不平衡不协调,创新驱动发展的潜力不足等问题较为突出。面对经济发展中存在的矛盾,欠发达地区要精准把握发展机遇,在充分利用当地丰富的自然生态资源、发挥深厚的历史文化底蕴基础上,科学处理好经济社会发展与生态文化保护、传统优势产业与新兴产业、因地制宜与创新发展、内部协调发展与奋力争先、区域发展定位与融入国家重大战略五大关系,以经济生态化、生态经济化为导向,充分发挥陕南的生态资源禀赋优势,加快发展新质生产力,实现经济发展新突破,高质量推进陕南绿色循环发展,实现全面、协调、可持续的高质量发展。

日本对台湾南部少数民族地区的侵略行径研究——1874年日本侵台事件前后的历史考察

1874年日本侵台事件是改变近代中日关系的重大事件,对近代中国台湾史、中日关系史影响深远。借助传统的文献史料和最新发现的日本历史档案,尤其是《日本馆藏福建历史档案资料》和日本亚洲历史资料中心资料,可以发现在1874年日本侵台事件前后,日本以中国台湾南部少数民族地区为对象,采取了派遣间谍、恐吓拉拢、武装干涉、统筹调查等手段进行侵略扩张,企图逐步蚕食中国台湾,开启了近代日本大陆政策的施行先声。通过对日本在中国台湾南部少数民族地区侵略行径的研究,不仅揭发了日本侵略台湾的历史真相和罪行,也对厘清日本占据台湾前期的历史脉络、认清日本制定台湾政策及其演变态势的历史缘由提供了重要借鉴。

Non-Point-Source Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loadings from a Small Watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A representative small watershed in the central part of the TGR area was selected to monitor the loss of nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) continuously along with the runoff from 2007 through 2009 to understand the exact sources and loadings.Results show that the non-point-source nitrogen and phosphorus comes mainly from the storm runoff from residential areas,citrus orchards and sloping croplands,which contributes up to 76% of the loadings in this watershed.Thus,a crucial measure for controlling non-point-source pollution is to intercept storm runoff from the three sources.Paddy fields provide a sink for non-point-source N and P by intercepting the runoff and sediment along with their different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.The N and P removal efficiency by paddy fields from residential areas is within the range of 56% to 98%.Paddy fields are an important land-use option for reducing the non-point-source loading of N and P in the TGR area.

Focal Mechanism Analysis for Determination of Potential Source Zones in South China and Its Adjacent Regions

Based on the results of focal mechanism solutions in southeastern areas of China （south of 34°N and east of 105° E）, this article analyzes the correlation of focal mechanism solutions with seismogenic structures of moderate strong earthquakes and the direction of potential source zones. The data show that the nodal planes of focal mechanism solutions and the principle stresses in southern China are of predominantly similar directions, most of the solutions for M ≥4.0 earthquakes correspond to the main structure directions as well as the directions of potential source zones. The statistical results of multiple small earthquakes concerning nodal planes and main stress axes are also reliable for determining the direction of potential source zones. According to the analysis of focal mechanism solutions, long-axis direction of isoseismals distribution of aftershocks, geologic structures, and seismic activity in two areas of the Ms6.1 earthquake in the south Yellow Sea in 1996 and the MsS.2 earthquake in Fujian in 1997, the potential source zone division is discussed.

论南宋东南地区麦作种植空间扩张的动力——基于社会经济史的视角

南宋时期东南地区麦类作物种植空间的扩张是个特殊的历史现象,它是在特殊的社会环境与经济基础上形成的。南宋初期,小麦、大麦、荞麦等麦类作物被普遍推广到东南五路,麦作获得长足发展;但是,其兴也勃,其衰也忽,到南宋中后期麦类作物种植空间很快萎缩并稳定为稻作的补充。本文以社会经济史的视角,通过观察皇帝、地方官、北方移民、南方土著等利益群体的选择,从命令与奖惩、赈贷与租税、移民的饮食偏好、麦子的接济功能四个方面探讨麦作扩张的动力,得出以下结论:朝廷通过行政手段与经济手段推广麦作,命令与奖惩是透视行政手段的两个触角,赈贷与租税则是用经济手段加以调节的主要方式;北方移民的面食偏好促进了麦子需求的增长,在两浙、江南东路表现尤为明显,但在江南西、福建路,移民的面食偏好并未动摇当地的食米风俗;麦子被认为是“接绝续乏之谷”,在人地关系紧张的格局下,其接济功能促进稻农种麦以应对饥馑。总结而言,南宋东南地区麦作的扩张是两种动力的耦合——官府推动与移民饮食偏好,这是外在动力;麦子成熟于稻谷青黄不接时的天然属性,这是内在动力。

赣南地区森林生态保护与乡村振兴政策建议——以崇义县为例

森林为人类社会提供丰富的物质产品,在维持地球生命系统平衡方面发挥着无可替代的作用。本文聚焦赣南地区的森林生态保护与乡村振兴实践,以江西赣州市崇义县杰坝乡和赣南树木园为例,从探索高质量可持续发展的乡村旅游模式、打造人文生态资源依托型乡村和加快山水林田湖草沙系统治理与修复等三方面提出了发展方向,针对“双碳”背景下可持续利用森林资源促进乡村振兴重点提炼出4个可能的实现路径:(1)发展森林碳汇经济,提高森林碳储量和碳利用效率;(2)发掘特色农产品,搭建特色品牌产业链;(3)开发森林生态旅游,促进具有赣南特色的乡村振兴工作;(4)搭建政产学研用创新平台,努力推动经济社会整体协同发展。

基于粮食安全的南方耕地保护问题与对策分析

耕地是粮食生产的载体,是粮食安全的根本保障。本文基于1996—2022年我国31个省份粮食产量等统计数据,采用统计分析法、比较分析法从南北方、农业生态区等不同尺度分析中国粮食生产的区域特征。通过分析发现:①北方地区粮食产量自2005年超过南方粮食产量且在随后年份二者产量差距逐渐增大;②粮食主产区逐渐向东北区和黄淮海区集中,但江南区和华南区、四川盆地等地粮食产量增长率较低,甚至出现粮食减产现象;③我国南方部分省份的粮食生产规模和耕地面积不断萎缩;南方耕地整体呈现出数量下降、质量降低、利用效能降低等现象,这是造成南方粮食产量下降的重要原因,成为威胁国家粮食安全的又一突出问题。基于此,建议:①加强南方水田等优质耕地资源保护;②进一步优化农业生产空间和生产条件;③探索构建区域差异化、多元主体参与的耕地保护补偿制度;④进一步构建多元化食物供给体系,拓展增产空间。

南华北盆地中牟地区太原组页岩气储层特征及甜点段优选

页岩气作为一种非常规油气资源,已成为中国天然气增储上产的重要接替对象。本文以南华北盆地中牟地区重点探井中牟2井为研究对象,分析了太原组储层地质特征,基于实验测试分析、显微薄片鉴定、测井解释评价以及沉积微相等研究手段,在泥页岩储层精细分析评价的基础上,将中牟地区石炭系太原组泥页岩划分为3大段、7小层。通过小层综合对比分析显示:太原组潮坪相页岩层段②~④小层具有高TOC含量(平均3.24%)、高脆性矿物含量(平均54.5%)、高孔隙度(平均1.8%)、高含气量(平均1.45 m^(3)/t)及高全烃显示(1.89%)的“五高”特征,据此将②~④小层优选为太原组页岩气储层甜点段,研究成果可为下一步中牟地区水平井部署及水平段穿行层位优选提供指导。

南方丘陵山区耕地“非粮化”特征及其形势与对策探究——以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

【目的】防止耕地“非粮化”对促进耕地可持续利用具有重大意义。丰富对不同地区耕地“非粮化”特征、形势和形成原因的认知,可为制定有效的耕地“非粮化”管控策略提供科学依据,为更好地防治耕地“非粮化”提供基础。【方法】本研究以遥感数据、社会经济空间数据集等为基础,采用空间分析与空间统计等方法探究湘西州2000—2015年的耕地“非粮化”时空格局特征,并在此基础上尝试分析湘西州耕地“非粮化”的形势与相应的对策。【结果】1)2000年以来,湘西州耕地非粮化率在39%~47%之间浮动,呈现出以2010年为节点先缓慢降低后快速升高的规律,且呈现出较明显的时空分异特征。2)随着时间推移,耕地“非粮化”低—低、高—高类型的空间在不断扩大,说明耕地“非粮化”存在较强的空间自相关性。3)在城市周边较易发生耕地“非粮化”现象,另外,距离县城10 km~25 km、人口密度较小的山区,耕地非粮化率出现了快速增加的现象。【结论】在治理耕地“非粮化”的时候需要结合区位、人口、地形等因素优化农业产业布局,以避免耕地“非粮化”的无序扩张;应当把耕地“非粮化”管控向非食物化管控方向调整,并且明确耕地转型应当以耕地质量保护为前提,即在不破坏耕地质量的前提下进行食物种植结构调整,以协调人民追求美好生活、保护耕地和生态安全的多重目标需求。

中国南方稻区玉米-稻种植模式的建立和实践

选择亚热带北缘（３２°Ｎ）的江苏沿江苏南地区作为建模研究区。１９７９年以来，研究了玉米－稻种植模式的温度和土壤适应性、光热资源利用效率、能量转换效率、农牧结合效率和轮作效应等生态特性；形成玉米－稻种植模式的省工高产配套技术；在生产实践中应用，取得较好的社会、经济、生态效益。研究结果显示，该种植模式在南方稻区具有广阔的应用前景。

南方桉树人工林雨雪冰冻灾害调查分析

2008年初,中国南方8省(区)桉树人工林遭受严重雨雪冰冻寒害。调查分析表明:桉树人工林受灾的地理范围是24°15′—26°54′N,104°—118°E,其中,重灾区是湘南、赣南、桂北和粤北地区,在粤、桂、赣3省区,寒害的垂直分布发生在在海拔300～600m范围以内。受灾树木断顶、折干、弯曲、倾覆、树皮冻裂或枝叶冻枯,多数植株以遭受机械损害为主,发生生理冻害的情况极少。根据综合受害等级分析,巨赤桉无性系DH201-2受害程度最重,尾巨桉DH32-29和巨尾桉无性系GL9等次之,邓恩桉和巨桉耐寒性较强,受灾程度相对较轻。通过对灾情的调查和分析,提出关于今后桉树人工林发展的建议。

南方红壤区水土流失动态演变趋势分析

利用水利部3次土壤侵蚀遥感调查数据,结合实地抽样调查,分析了南方红壤区水土流失演变态势:南方8省区水土流失面积从20世纪50年代初的10.5万km2增加到2002年的19.6万km2,净增加了9.1万km2,1986年前呈增加趋势,之后呈逐步减少的趋势,到1996年实现了治理大于破坏的历史性转变。不同时段水土流失演变的趋势和增减速率各异,且随着时间的推移增减幅度在减小。抽样结果显示,2002—2005年的3年间,南方8省考察区水土流失面积共减少约4500km2,年均减幅为1.2个百分点,按此速度估算,南方8省区19.6万km2水土流失面积需要130年以上的治理时间,因此需要进一步加大治理力度。

南沙微板块的层块构造

综合分析了南海南部海域近5万千米的综合地球物理剖面资料和相关的地质资料。从宏观上,在南沙微板块内初次划分出了南沙超壳层块、曾母壳体层块、南薇-安渡壳体层块、礼乐-北巴拉望壳体层块、安渡-毕生基底层块、礼乐-半月基底层块等不同级别的层块构造。讨论了它们的基本特征。提出了层块构造的“立交传输运动”概念。根据多元动力成因观,探讨了各级层块构造的形成机制和主导动力,指出了俯冲板片拆沉-幔隆力、地幔流牵引力、地球转速变化惯性力、区域板块边界力等是驱动超壳层块的主要动力,重力失稳-壳内流塑层隆升-牵引力是驱动壳体层块和基底层块的主要动力。

南方电网黑启动方案

介绍了南方电网黑启动方案的基本原则和实施过程,包括直调系统的黑启动方案和全网的重建。南方电网的黑启动采用多区域、多分区同时启动原则,在分区和区域复电后,通过分区间或区域间的互联和送电以及500 kV主网架的重建,逐步扩大电网规模和加强网络结构,直至全面恢复电网正常运行。

稻田种养结合循环农业模式生态环境效应实证分析——以南方稻区稻-鱼模式为例

稻田种养结合循环农业模式生态环境效应明显,其主要体现在节肥、节药、抑草、改善土壤和水体等方面上。本文根据对南方稻区的入户调查数据和2001-2009年中国统计年鉴、中国农村统计年鉴、中国农业统计年鉴相关统计数据及化肥农药使用量的技术标准,实证分析了稻田种养结合循环农业模式的节肥、节药的生态环境效应。调查分析显示,稻-鱼模式下农户化肥使用量比常规水稻种植模式的使用量要减少15.21%,农药使用量要减少40.17%;相关性分析表明南方稻区稻-鱼种养结合模式的稻田面积占水稻生产总面积的百分比与化肥、农药使用量之间呈负相关关系,相关系数分别为-0.407 2和-0.979 9。可以看出,在稻-鱼的稻田生态系统中,土壤和水体的改善以及有害生物的减少,形成了鱼类对化肥和农药的替代关系,在稻谷产量不变甚至增产以及增加鱼类产出的情况下,农户大幅度减少了化肥和农药的使用量,因此实施扶持稻田种养结合循环农业模式策略,是改善稻区农业生态环境的重要途径。