Location and Spatio-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Geomantic Pagodas in Guangdong and Jiangxi Based on GIS

Geomantic pagodas are evolved from Buddhist pagodas in the history of China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people attached importance to the imperial examination, so they were keen on construction of geomantic pagodas in landscapes to pray for good luck. This phenomenon was more obvious in southern China, especially in Guangdong and Jiangxi. In this paper, the location and spatiotemporal distribution of geomantic pagodas in Guangdong and Jiangxi were studied by using Google Earth and Arc GIS, combining with ASTER GDEM data. In addition, the effects of elevation, topographic profile and slope on site selection of geomantic pagodas were investigated to sum up the distribution and space environment characteristics of geomantic pagodas in Guangdong and Jiangxi, explore the relationship between geomantic pagodas structure and city landscape, and investigate the effects of spatio-temporal distribution of geomantic pagodas on city pattern.

Seismic assessment of two multi-tiered pagodas damaged by the 2015 Nepal earthquake

A seismic assessment of two multi-tier pagodas by numerical analysis is presented herein.The Changu Narayan temple and the Kumbeshwar temple in Nepal are used as the case studies.Both pagodas are built of brick masonry in earthen mortar,with timber columns and crossbeams.The Changu Narayan temple is a two-tier pagoda,and was seriously damaged during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake.The Kumbeshwar temple is a five-tier pagoda,and its top-tier collapsed due to the Gorkha earthquake.A seismic assessment was carried out using finite element(FE)analysis.The FE models were prepared,and dynamic identification tests and penetrometer tests were conducted.Pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis were performed as part of the seismic assessment.The main shock of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake was considered as the input accelerograms.The behavior between the two pagodas was compared with the collapse mechanisms and damage patterns observed in the actual structures.The comparison suggested common structural features of multi-tier pagodas.This study is dedicated to providing a better understanding of the seismic behavior of multi-tier pagoda-type structures and provides suggestions for their effective analysis.

Remote sensing-based deformation monitoring of pagodas at the Bagan cultural heritage site,Myanmar

As a World Cultural Heritage site with sacred landscape featuring an exceptional range of Buddhist art and architecture,much attention has been focused on the sustainable development of Bagan(Myanmar).Particularly,the monitoring of landscape surface subsidence and monument instability is of great importance to the protection and development planning of the Bagan heritage site.In this study,we applied high resolution TerraSAR-X imagery acquired from 2019 to 2020 for deformation monitoring based on the small baseline subset(SBAS)and persistent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry(PSInSAR)approaches.We identified several hotspots and pagodas with displacement anomalies linked to land cover change and previous earthquakes.The cross comparison between SBAS and PSInSAR and the precision of height estimates derived by PSInSAR indicated a millimetric precision of the derived deformation products.The combination of the two multi-temporal SAR interferometry approaches satisfies the two-scale monitoring requirements from landscapes to monuments,particularly for large-scale World Heritage sites.The non-contact monitoring method has potential when traditional methods using field accessibility and surveillance are constrained.

Of Palaces and Pagodas： Palatial Symbolism in the Buddhist Architecture of Early Medieval China

This paper is an inquiry into possible motivations for representing timber-flame architecture in the Buddhist context. By comparing the architectural language of early Buddhist narrative panels and cave temples rendered in stone, I suggest that architectural representation was employed in both masonry and timber to create symbolically charged worship spaces. The replication and multiplication of palace forms on cave walls, in ＂pagodas＂ （futu浮圖,fotu 佛圖, or ta 塔）, and as the crowning element of flee-standing pillars reflect a common desire to express and harness divine power, a desire that resulted in a wide variety of mountainous monuments in China. Finally, I provide evidence to suggest that the towering Buddhist monuments of early medieval China are linked morphologically and symbolically to the towering temples of South Asia through the use of both palace forms and sacred man. d. alas as a means to express the divine power and expansive presence of the Buddha.

赤峰市敖汉旗白塔村辽代墓葬

2008年4月.赤峰市敖汉旗丰收乡白塔村的村民平整坡地时,发现了1座砖室墓.正在白塔村处理非法盗掘辽代白塔事件的内蒙古文物考古研究所、敖汉旗文化局的工作人员得知该情况后,对该墓葬及周边地区进行了详细的勘察,除了已暴露的砖室墓之外,又发现3座墓葬,内蒙古文物考古研究所考古人员随即对这些墓葬进行了抢救性发掘.

韩国汉语培训机构考察——以韩国PAGODA语学院为例

PAGODA语学院是目前韩国外国语培训市场上最具代表性的汉语培训学院。该文通过整理PAGODA语学院相关资料,考察了PAGODA语学院的发展历程、现状,分析其特点、优势及存在的问题,提出了改进对策,以期能为韩国汉语培训机构的进一步发展提供参考。

Archaeological investigation by geotomo-graphy: structure of the foundation of Yingxian timber pagoda

It is significant to take a non-destructive inspection, one of advanced techniques, for detecting the internal structure and the present status of ancient cultural relics. The results detected by geotomography in Yingxian timber pagoda, Shanxi Province, are presented in this paper. The embankment in the stepped foundation shows a three circular structure in horizontal: the circular platform core is hard, homogenous and unharmed, out of which there are some radial collapsed grooves. The middle circle with a thickness of 2 to 4 m is a compacted layer and its loading capacity decreases then. The outer protective layer has a larger porosity and a weak loading capacity. An abnormal body is found out in the core, which has a circular shape and a reverse high-absorption coefficient in the shallow part, but appears a long-band shape and a low-absorption coefficient in the deep part. It might be a disturbance caused by artificial activities: the shallow part is probably a channel filled with loosen soil and the deep part is a hidden cave. It is found that the foundation of the courtyard is homogenous and integrated. Two soft and weakened areas in the north are related to the long-term run-off and drainage of groundwater. The inclination of the timber pagoda to the northwest and northeast relates to several factors, such as the inherited subsidence of the northern foundation, the lower loading capacity of the outer stepped foundation, seismic activity and timber deformation.No.2 FENG R.et al.: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION BY GEOTOMOGRAPHY

陈毅诗词选译(六)

Tiananmen Square’s an oceanOf faces in motion With five-star flags o’erhead,We’re glad our land is “red”.

With the Old to Be New: Analysis on Design of Square Pagoda Gardenin Songjiang

The Square Pagoda Garden in Songjiang designed by Mr. Feng Jizhong is a model work of Chinese garden and modern architecture. Its basic pattern embodies the core idea of “with the old to be new”. This study mainly interpreted the Square Pagoda Garden from two dimensions of garden space and architectural structure, analyzed the unique creative characteristics and design ideas of the Square Pagoda Garden in combination with the characteristics of traditional Chinese garden architecture, and explored the “old” and “new” in the design of the Square Pagoda Garden.

杭州西湖十景英文试译——兼与莎拉·格拉姆斯女士商榷

最近几年以来,我国旅游事业发展很快,到中国来游览观光的国外旅游者日益增多。在向外国旅游者介绍国内著名风景点时,如何把这些风景地名译成英文是一件值得推敲的事,同时也是一件刻不容缓的工作。但遗憾的是目前在这方面的工作做得还很不够,以致导游翻译人员在用英文介绍这些风景点时遇到许多困难。

Miracle of Fruit Sales:Pagoda's through Retail-pull Industrialization

Pagoda successfully created the " exclusive shop" model in the fruit industry,and now it is the world's largest fruit chain retailer,creating the miracle of fruit sales. Behind the miracle is the innovation of fruit industrialization,that is,the retail-pull industrialization,which realizes the farmers' income increase,consumer satisfaction and sustainable business development,and also promotes the upgrade and development of fruit industry in China. The retail-pull industrialization business model has important reference significance for the fresh industry of China.

On the Motions of Four Pagoda Clocks in the Forbidden City

Ancient mechanical clocks and automatons are solid evidence regarding the evolution of technological development.At least four ingenious eighteenth-century clocks with pagoda automatons are preserved in the Palace Museum in Beijing.Two were made in China,the other two in Britain.Although the internal mechanical components were maintained and recorded in the late twentieth century,their mechanism structure is mostly not made available to the public owing to the historical value of these artefacts.This study introduces feasible mechanism structures for the four pagoda automatons based on published works,along with considerations of mechanical design.Five subsystems of the clocks are analyzed,and two mechanisms of the pagoda automaton are illustrated.In particular,feasible mechanisms of the four pagoda automatons for raising their stories are explained.The analysis procedure presented in this paper expands the feasibility of reconstruction work on ancient mechanisms with unknown structures.

Review and Prospect of Tibetan Stupa Research in China During the Last Hundred Years

Tibetan stupas are the symbolic buildings of Tibetan Buddhism, widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a long history and rich cultural connotations, holding a lofty position in the hearts of Tibetan monks and laymen. In the new era of advocating national cultural confidence, Tibetan stupa, as the representative of Tibetan culture, should be explored for its historical significance and artistic value. In recent years, many scholars have conducted in-depth studies on Tibetan stupas from different disciplinary perspectives. In order to further promote the research on Tibetan stupas, this paper reviews the research on Tibetan stupas in China in the past century, and comments on the problems and deficiencies of the research on Tibetan stupas in China in the past century on the basis of the analysis of the previous research status, so as to provide a valuable reference for the further research on Tibetan stupas.

Research on the Geomantic Structure Kuishan Pagoda of the Ming Dynasty in Xuzhou

This paper introduced the origin of the Kuishan Pagoda and its role in "increasing architectural achievements and reinforcing scenic sights" of Xuzhou from the perspective of the city’s Fengshui (geomancy).The round base of the pagoda was 16.7 meters in diameter.The octagonal pagoda had seven stories,with a height of 67 meters.Each story had 4 doors that face each other in pairs.From the second to the seventh story,the pagoda was decorated with brick-carved waist eaves,cornices,rafters,upward angles and tile ranges,which were rigorously and strictly designed and distributed.The outward-pointing waist eaves were narrow and short and boast exquisite shapes.The top of the pagoda pointed skywards and was decorated with interlayered metal wheels.The pagoda top with metal wheels appeared magnificent and demonstrated exquisite craftsmanship,adding a particularly imposing atmosphere to the pagoda.

Protection and Inheritance of the Architectural Cultural Heritage of the Longevity Pagoda in Jingzhou

With the ongoing advancement of human civilization,China is increasingly prioritizing the preservation and transmission of its architectural heritage.This study examines the historical development of the Longevity Pagoda in Jingzhou,synthesizing its architectural and artistic characteristics as well as its cultural heritage value.In light of contemporary challenges,the paper proposes strategies for the protection and preservation of the Longevity Pagoda.The aim is to ensure that the Longevity Pagoda continues to realize its distinctive historical,cultural,and social significance in the future.

20世纪90年代以前的澳门庙宇神祇研究述评

上世纪初在澳门出现对妈阁庙与莲峰庙等明清官、公庙宇的现实性质和历史的全面篡改,是由侵占澳门后的澳葡政府的有关庙宇政策法令主导的。其在学术研究方面的配合,则主要由一些葡萄牙学者用错误的方法加以论述证明。这种在现实中对澳门明清官、公庙宇实行的私有化运动,以及有关原始证据文物方面的销毁破坏和伪造传播新传说,乃至在学术研究中推出一系列篡改历史的论著,一直处于继续发展的趋势。因此,认识上述错误的来龙去脉,是很有必要的。

Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016):comments and comparisons

A high quality diet is believed to play a functional role in promoting the healthy growth of mankind and preventing many kinds of chronic degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Adherence to a high quality diet has been strongly associated with a lower risk of mortality. To help promote healthy lifestyles and physical strength, the Chinese government has produced a new revised version of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents （2016） and the Chinese Food Pagoda, as guidance for dietary intake among its population. Similarly, the Japanese government has produced the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top Model, and the US government has recently published revised dietary recommendations in its 2015-2020 eighth edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The evidence from all respective cohort studies involved in producing these guidelines shows a reduced risk of many chronic diseases and mortality if the guidelines are followed. All scientific findings support encouraging the general population to consume a broad variety of food on the basis of nutrient and food intakes in order to prevent deficiency diseases and a surplus of energy and nutrients, and recommend daily physical activity for health promotion.

Cooperative Historic Landscape Rejuvenation in China:The Litchi Bay Project in Guangzhou

This article introduces the Litchi Bay Canal Project,a recent cooperative historic landscape rejuvenation in Guangzhou,China.The Litchi Bay Canal and the Sai Kwan Literary Pagoda were at the core of Litchi Bay,historically an important scenic area in Canton(Guangzhou).However,since the 1950s,the area has changed.The Lungchun Warehouse was built around the pagoda and the canal was covered by concrete planks and turned into a road in 1993.Soon after that,antique shops appeared along the road and folk activities related to the canal and the pagoda ceased to happen.In 2010,a systematic rejuvenation project was launched to restore the historic landscape through negotiation with and the cooperation of government and non-government entities,villagers and nearby residents.The canal was uncovered,the pagoda revealed and the Lungchun Warehouse was renovated into an antiques market.Together,these actions produced attractive public spaces for today’s daily life as well as for traditional rituals.Based on the experience of the first author as the lead architect of the project,this article reviews the project,the restoration of the historic landscape and the regeneration of the urban public spaces.It analyses the holistic approach and the mechanisms of the project,discusses the thinking and specific operations to re-initiate the dialogue between the canal,the waterfront promenade and the historic buildings through an understanding of their mutual relationships.

Pagoda[5]arene with Large and Rigid Cavity for the Formation of 1∶2 Host-Guest Complexes and Acid/Base-Responsive Crystalline Vapochromic Properties

Pagoda[5]arene(P5),which is composed of five 2,6-dimethoxylanthracene(2,6-DMA)subunits bridged by methylene groups at 1,5 positions,was conveniently synthesized in 43%by trifluoroacetic acid(TFA)-catalyzed one-pot condensation of commercially available 2,6-DMA and paraformaldehyde in 1,2-dichlorobenzene(o-DCB)at room temperature.P5 showed a highly symmetrical pentagonal structure with a large and deep electron-rich cavity,which made it form stable 1∶2 host–guest complexes with various aryl-pyridinium,bipyridinium,and stilbazolium salts in solution.Interestingly,P5 could complex two or even three guests with its intrinsic cavity and the pseudocavity formed by the adjacent macrocycles in solid states.Moreover,the strong intermolecular charge-transfer(ICT)interactions between P5 and the guests were observed.Especially,the complexes formed by P5 and the protonated pyridinium or bipyridinium salts showed acid/base-responsive color changes in solution and remarkable crystalline vapochromic properties by two kinds of processes:from ICT to no ICT and from ICT to enhanced ICT interaction or vice versa.We believe that the easily available P5 with the specific structure and intriguing 1∶2 host–guest complexation can find wide application in supramolecular assemblies and functional materials.

赞皇治平寺唐开元二十八年造像塔述论

在石家庄市赞皇县东南约六公里的南清河乡嘉应寺村治平寺遗址,现保存有一座唐开元二十八年(740)佛堂形组合式造像塔,其塔身浮雕和线刻图像大半残存,长篇铭文基本完好。这是一座有明确纪年的重要造像塔实例,以往学界仅有简略记载1,其塔身线刻图像和铭文内容也常被忽略2。