Chronic pancreatitis affects many individuals around the world,and the study of the underlying mechanisms leading to better treatment possibilities are important tasks.Therefore,animal models are needed to illustrate ...Chronic pancreatitis affects many individuals around the world,and the study of the underlying mechanisms leading to better treatment possibilities are important tasks.Therefore,animal models are needed to illustrate the basic study of pancreatitis.Recently,animal models of acute and chronic pancreatitis have been thoroughly reviewed,but few reviews address the important aspect on the translation of animal studies to human studies.It is well known that pancreatitis is associated with epigastric pain,but the understanding regarding to mechanisms and appropriate treatment of this pain is still unclear.Using animal models to study pancreatitis associated visceral pain is difficult,however,these types of models are a unique way to reveal the mechanisms behind pancreatitis associated visceral pain.In this review,the animal models of acute,chronic and un-common pancreatitis are briefly outlined and animal models related to pancreatitis associated visceral pain are also addressed.展开更多
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chlorid...Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chloride regulation in the pain pathway and by effecting neuronal excitability and pain sensitization. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of the speciifc sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 inhibitor bumetanide, and the change in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain. Results showed that intrathecal bumetanide could decrease cumulative pain scores, and could increase thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression in-creased in neurons from dorsal root ganglion and the deep laminae of the ipsilateral dorsal horn following incision. By contrast, potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression decreased in neurons of the deep laminae from the ipsilateral dorsal horn. These ifndings suggest that spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression was up-regulated and spinal potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 2 expression was down-regulated following incision. Intrathecal bumetanide has analgesic effects on incisional pain through inhibition of sodium-potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 1.展开更多
Purpose: To formulate and demonstrate methods for regression modeling of probabilities and dispersions for individual-patient longitudinal outcomes taking on discrete numeric values. Methods: Three alternatives for mo...Purpose: To formulate and demonstrate methods for regression modeling of probabilities and dispersions for individual-patient longitudinal outcomes taking on discrete numeric values. Methods: Three alternatives for modeling of outcome probabilities are considered. Multinomial probabilities are based on different intercepts and slopes for probabilities of different outcome values. Ordinal probabilities are based on different intercepts and the same slope for probabilities of different outcome values. Censored Poisson probabilities are based on the same intercept and slope for probabilities of different outcome values. Parameters are estimated with extended linear mixed modeling maximizing a likelihood-like function based on the multivariate normal density that accounts for within-patient correlation. Formulas are provided for gradient vectors and Hessian matrices for estimating model parameters. The likelihood-like function is also used to compute cross-validation scores for alternative models and to control an adaptive modeling process for identifying possibly nonlinear functional relationships in predictors for probabilities and dispersions. Example analyses are provided of daily pain ratings for a cancer patient over a period of 97 days. Results: The censored Poisson approach is preferable for modeling these data, and presumably other data sets of this kind, because it generates a competitive model with fewer parameters in less time than the other two approaches. The generated probabilities for this model are distinctly nonlinear in time while the dispersions are distinctly nonconstant over time, demonstrating the need for adaptive modeling of such data. The analyses also address the dependence of these daily pain ratings on time and the daily numbers of pain flares. Probabilities and dispersions change differently over time for different numbers of pain flares. Conclusions: Adaptive modeling of daily pain ratings for individual cancer patients is an effective way to identify nonlinear relationships in time as well as in other predictors such as the number of pain flares.展开更多
目的构建产后慢性腰痛的预测模型并进行验证。方法选取2019年3月~2021年3月于本院生产的产妇147例为建模组,2021年4月~2022年4月生产的产妇56例为验证组。对建模组的临床资料进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,构建预测模型;采用受试...目的构建产后慢性腰痛的预测模型并进行验证。方法选取2019年3月~2021年3月于本院生产的产妇147例为建模组,2021年4月~2022年4月生产的产妇56例为验证组。对建模组的临床资料进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,构建预测模型;采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)及Hosmer-Lemeshow检验验证模型的区分度和校准度,并在验证组中验证模型的预测价值。结果建模组产后慢性腰痛41例,发生率为27.89%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,生育次数(OR=2.860,95%CI:1.050~7.778)、分娩方式(OR=2.844,95%CI:1.279~6.321)、孕期体质量增加(OR=2.604,95%CI:1.043~6.498)、妊娠期间腰痛史(OR=3.571,95%CI:1.608~7.933)为产后慢性腰痛的影响因素(P<0.05)。据此构建产后慢性腰痛的预测模型如下:Prob=1/e^(^-Y),Y=1.806-1.051×生育次数-1.045×分娩方式-0.957×孕期体质量增加-1.273×妊娠期间腰痛史。ROC曲线分析结果显示,该模型的敏感度为82.54%,特异度为76.19%,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.831(95%CI:0.761~0.888);在验证组中验证该模型,敏感度、特异度和AUC分别为79.37%、73.81%、0.801(95%CI:0.727~0.862),总体预测准确率为85.71%,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示该模型有较好的校准度(χ^(2)=7.531,P=0.406)。结论生育次数、分娩方式、孕期体质量增加、妊娠期间腰痛史均为影响产后慢性腰痛发生的影响因素,基于以上影响因素构建的预测模型具有良好的预测效能,可为临床早期识别产后慢性腰痛的高风险产妇提供参考。展开更多
文摘Chronic pancreatitis affects many individuals around the world,and the study of the underlying mechanisms leading to better treatment possibilities are important tasks.Therefore,animal models are needed to illustrate the basic study of pancreatitis.Recently,animal models of acute and chronic pancreatitis have been thoroughly reviewed,but few reviews address the important aspect on the translation of animal studies to human studies.It is well known that pancreatitis is associated with epigastric pain,but the understanding regarding to mechanisms and appropriate treatment of this pain is still unclear.Using animal models to study pancreatitis associated visceral pain is difficult,however,these types of models are a unique way to reveal the mechanisms behind pancreatitis associated visceral pain.In this review,the animal models of acute,chronic and un-common pancreatitis are briefly outlined and animal models related to pancreatitis associated visceral pain are also addressed.
基金supported by a grant from Guangzhou Medical University,No.2008C24
文摘Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chloride regulation in the pain pathway and by effecting neuronal excitability and pain sensitization. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of the speciifc sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 inhibitor bumetanide, and the change in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain. Results showed that intrathecal bumetanide could decrease cumulative pain scores, and could increase thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression in-creased in neurons from dorsal root ganglion and the deep laminae of the ipsilateral dorsal horn following incision. By contrast, potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression decreased in neurons of the deep laminae from the ipsilateral dorsal horn. These ifndings suggest that spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression was up-regulated and spinal potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 2 expression was down-regulated following incision. Intrathecal bumetanide has analgesic effects on incisional pain through inhibition of sodium-potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 1.
文摘Purpose: To formulate and demonstrate methods for regression modeling of probabilities and dispersions for individual-patient longitudinal outcomes taking on discrete numeric values. Methods: Three alternatives for modeling of outcome probabilities are considered. Multinomial probabilities are based on different intercepts and slopes for probabilities of different outcome values. Ordinal probabilities are based on different intercepts and the same slope for probabilities of different outcome values. Censored Poisson probabilities are based on the same intercept and slope for probabilities of different outcome values. Parameters are estimated with extended linear mixed modeling maximizing a likelihood-like function based on the multivariate normal density that accounts for within-patient correlation. Formulas are provided for gradient vectors and Hessian matrices for estimating model parameters. The likelihood-like function is also used to compute cross-validation scores for alternative models and to control an adaptive modeling process for identifying possibly nonlinear functional relationships in predictors for probabilities and dispersions. Example analyses are provided of daily pain ratings for a cancer patient over a period of 97 days. Results: The censored Poisson approach is preferable for modeling these data, and presumably other data sets of this kind, because it generates a competitive model with fewer parameters in less time than the other two approaches. The generated probabilities for this model are distinctly nonlinear in time while the dispersions are distinctly nonconstant over time, demonstrating the need for adaptive modeling of such data. The analyses also address the dependence of these daily pain ratings on time and the daily numbers of pain flares. Probabilities and dispersions change differently over time for different numbers of pain flares. Conclusions: Adaptive modeling of daily pain ratings for individual cancer patients is an effective way to identify nonlinear relationships in time as well as in other predictors such as the number of pain flares.
文摘目的构建产后慢性腰痛的预测模型并进行验证。方法选取2019年3月~2021年3月于本院生产的产妇147例为建模组,2021年4月~2022年4月生产的产妇56例为验证组。对建模组的临床资料进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,构建预测模型;采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)及Hosmer-Lemeshow检验验证模型的区分度和校准度,并在验证组中验证模型的预测价值。结果建模组产后慢性腰痛41例,发生率为27.89%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,生育次数(OR=2.860,95%CI:1.050~7.778)、分娩方式(OR=2.844,95%CI:1.279~6.321)、孕期体质量增加(OR=2.604,95%CI:1.043~6.498)、妊娠期间腰痛史(OR=3.571,95%CI:1.608~7.933)为产后慢性腰痛的影响因素(P<0.05)。据此构建产后慢性腰痛的预测模型如下:Prob=1/e^(^-Y),Y=1.806-1.051×生育次数-1.045×分娩方式-0.957×孕期体质量增加-1.273×妊娠期间腰痛史。ROC曲线分析结果显示,该模型的敏感度为82.54%,特异度为76.19%,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.831(95%CI:0.761~0.888);在验证组中验证该模型,敏感度、特异度和AUC分别为79.37%、73.81%、0.801(95%CI:0.727~0.862),总体预测准确率为85.71%,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示该模型有较好的校准度(χ^(2)=7.531,P=0.406)。结论生育次数、分娩方式、孕期体质量增加、妊娠期间腰痛史均为影响产后慢性腰痛发生的影响因素,基于以上影响因素构建的预测模型具有良好的预测效能,可为临床早期识别产后慢性腰痛的高风险产妇提供参考。
