Numerous researchers and institutions have been developing in ovo sexing technologies to improve animal welfare by identifying male embryos in an early embryonic stage and disposing of them before pain perception.This...Numerous researchers and institutions have been developing in ovo sexing technologies to improve animal welfare by identifying male embryos in an early embryonic stage and disposing of them before pain perception.This review gives a complete overview of the technological approaches reported in papers and patents by performing a thorough search using Web of Science and Patstat/Espacenet databases for papers and patents,respectively.Based on a total of 49 papers and 115 patent families reported until May 2023 worldwide,11 technology categories were defined:6 non-optical and 5 optical techniques.Every category was described for its characteristics while assessing its potential for application.Next,the dynamics of the publications of in ovo sexing techniques in both paper and patent fields were described through growth curves,and the interest or actual status was visualized using the number of paper citations and the actual legal status of the patents.When comparing the reported technologies in papers to those in patents,scientific gaps were observed,as some of the patented technologies were not reported in the scientific literature,e.g.,ion mobility and mass spectrometry approaches.Generally,more diverse approaches in all categories were found in patents,although they do require more scientific evidence through papers or industrial adoption to prove their robustness.Moreover,although there is a recent trend for non-invasive techniques,invasive methods like analyzing DNA through PCR or hormones through immunosensing are still being reported(and might continue to be)in papers and patents.It was also observed that none of the technologies complies with all the industry requirements,although 5 companies already entered the market.On the one hand,more research and harmony between consumers,industry,and governments is necessary.On the other hand,close monitoring of the market performance of the currently available techniques will offer valuable insights into the potential and expectations of in ovo sexing techniques in the poultry industry.展开更多
[目的/意义]科学论文向技术领域扩散对技术的创新发展发挥着重要作用,然而论文在技术领域的扩散速度参差不齐,扩散速度的快慢是否影响产生的扩散效果尚不清晰。[方法/过程]文章利用专利引用论文的引用关系,以1980—2009年Web of Scienc...[目的/意义]科学论文向技术领域扩散对技术的创新发展发挥着重要作用,然而论文在技术领域的扩散速度参差不齐,扩散速度的快慢是否影响产生的扩散效果尚不清晰。[方法/过程]文章利用专利引用论文的引用关系,以1980—2009年Web of Science数据库的论文和1980—2020年USPTO数据库的授权专利作为核心数据集,通过论文被引速率和首次被引间隔测度论文向技术领域的扩散速度,通过扩散产生的技术影响强度和技术影响广度综合测度扩散效果,并添加被引间隔和被引速率的交互作用,分析论文扩散速度与扩散效果的关系。此外,选择被专利持续引用的论文作为研究对象,分析不同扩散时期的扩散速率与扩散效果的关系。[结果/结论]研究表明,论文整体扩散速率不断上升;扩散速率与技术影响强度和广度均呈现倒U形关系,被引间隔与技术影响强度和广度均呈现U形关系;被引间隔对扩散速率与扩散效果的关系具有显著调节作用。此外,在不同扩散时期,早期和中期的扩散速率与技术影响强度和广度呈现倒U形关系,而中后期扩散速率与技术影响强度和广度呈现U形关系。展开更多
分析城市创新效率有助于提升山东省城市创新能力。本文基于Web of Science数据库以及国家知识产权局等相关网站中的跨地区合作数据,构建知识创新合作网络,对山东省城市之间的论文和专利合作情况分别进行特征分析;从投入产出的视角,采用S...分析城市创新效率有助于提升山东省城市创新能力。本文基于Web of Science数据库以及国家知识产权局等相关网站中的跨地区合作数据,构建知识创新合作网络,对山东省城市之间的论文和专利合作情况分别进行特征分析;从投入产出的视角,采用SE-DEA模型对山东省各城市的创新效率进行测度。结果表明:济南市和青岛市在论文、专利方面合作紧密,同时也对周边地区产生了明显的辐射效应,处于核心位置;各城市的创新效率在2011—2020年呈增长趋势,经济相对发达的地区具有较高的创新投入和创新产出,发展相对缓慢的城市的创新效率仍有待提高。展开更多
膜产业作为我国战略性新兴产业之一,对膜产业基础竞争力的分析能够进一步推动膜领域的研究和创新.利用Web of Science的SCI数据库及DII数据库,采用文献计量学的方法,对膜领域的56 862篇SCI论文及97 761项专利从年发文量、国家分布、研...膜产业作为我国战略性新兴产业之一,对膜产业基础竞争力的分析能够进一步推动膜领域的研究和创新.利用Web of Science的SCI数据库及DII数据库,采用文献计量学的方法,对膜领域的56 862篇SCI论文及97 761项专利从年发文量、国家分布、研究机构、热点技术等不同角度进行全面的统计分析.在全面把握全球膜领域发展现状的基础上,进一步深入分析中国膜产业的基础竞争力.研究表明,中国膜领域的SCI发文量和专利申请量处于国际领先地位,核心竞争力主要分布在国内高校;国内研究热点包括离子交换膜、液膜和反渗透等;尽管国内膜领域的研究基础已初具竞争力,未来中国科研机构的影响力与企业的自主创新能力还有待加强.展开更多
基金the Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research[EggTech-0000000028]the Research Foundation-Flanders[SB project 1SC7219N and SB project 1S54823N].
文摘Numerous researchers and institutions have been developing in ovo sexing technologies to improve animal welfare by identifying male embryos in an early embryonic stage and disposing of them before pain perception.This review gives a complete overview of the technological approaches reported in papers and patents by performing a thorough search using Web of Science and Patstat/Espacenet databases for papers and patents,respectively.Based on a total of 49 papers and 115 patent families reported until May 2023 worldwide,11 technology categories were defined:6 non-optical and 5 optical techniques.Every category was described for its characteristics while assessing its potential for application.Next,the dynamics of the publications of in ovo sexing techniques in both paper and patent fields were described through growth curves,and the interest or actual status was visualized using the number of paper citations and the actual legal status of the patents.When comparing the reported technologies in papers to those in patents,scientific gaps were observed,as some of the patented technologies were not reported in the scientific literature,e.g.,ion mobility and mass spectrometry approaches.Generally,more diverse approaches in all categories were found in patents,although they do require more scientific evidence through papers or industrial adoption to prove their robustness.Moreover,although there is a recent trend for non-invasive techniques,invasive methods like analyzing DNA through PCR or hormones through immunosensing are still being reported(and might continue to be)in papers and patents.It was also observed that none of the technologies complies with all the industry requirements,although 5 companies already entered the market.On the one hand,more research and harmony between consumers,industry,and governments is necessary.On the other hand,close monitoring of the market performance of the currently available techniques will offer valuable insights into the potential and expectations of in ovo sexing techniques in the poultry industry.
文摘[目的/意义]科学论文向技术领域扩散对技术的创新发展发挥着重要作用,然而论文在技术领域的扩散速度参差不齐,扩散速度的快慢是否影响产生的扩散效果尚不清晰。[方法/过程]文章利用专利引用论文的引用关系,以1980—2009年Web of Science数据库的论文和1980—2020年USPTO数据库的授权专利作为核心数据集,通过论文被引速率和首次被引间隔测度论文向技术领域的扩散速度,通过扩散产生的技术影响强度和技术影响广度综合测度扩散效果,并添加被引间隔和被引速率的交互作用,分析论文扩散速度与扩散效果的关系。此外,选择被专利持续引用的论文作为研究对象,分析不同扩散时期的扩散速率与扩散效果的关系。[结果/结论]研究表明,论文整体扩散速率不断上升;扩散速率与技术影响强度和广度均呈现倒U形关系,被引间隔与技术影响强度和广度均呈现U形关系;被引间隔对扩散速率与扩散效果的关系具有显著调节作用。此外,在不同扩散时期,早期和中期的扩散速率与技术影响强度和广度呈现倒U形关系,而中后期扩散速率与技术影响强度和广度呈现U形关系。
文摘分析城市创新效率有助于提升山东省城市创新能力。本文基于Web of Science数据库以及国家知识产权局等相关网站中的跨地区合作数据,构建知识创新合作网络,对山东省城市之间的论文和专利合作情况分别进行特征分析;从投入产出的视角,采用SE-DEA模型对山东省各城市的创新效率进行测度。结果表明:济南市和青岛市在论文、专利方面合作紧密,同时也对周边地区产生了明显的辐射效应,处于核心位置;各城市的创新效率在2011—2020年呈增长趋势,经济相对发达的地区具有较高的创新投入和创新产出,发展相对缓慢的城市的创新效率仍有待提高。
文摘膜产业作为我国战略性新兴产业之一,对膜产业基础竞争力的分析能够进一步推动膜领域的研究和创新.利用Web of Science的SCI数据库及DII数据库,采用文献计量学的方法,对膜领域的56 862篇SCI论文及97 761项专利从年发文量、国家分布、研究机构、热点技术等不同角度进行全面的统计分析.在全面把握全球膜领域发展现状的基础上,进一步深入分析中国膜产业的基础竞争力.研究表明,中国膜领域的SCI发文量和专利申请量处于国际领先地位,核心竞争力主要分布在国内高校;国内研究热点包括离子交换膜、液膜和反渗透等;尽管国内膜领域的研究基础已初具竞争力,未来中国科研机构的影响力与企业的自主创新能力还有待加强.
