Training and Implementation of Subjective Questions Scoring System Based on the Baidu Qianfan Model Platform

Leveraging the Baidu Qianfan model platform,this paper designs and implements a highly efficient and accurate scoring system for subjective questions,focusing primarily on questions in the field of computer network technology.The system enhances the foundational model by utilizing Qianfan’s training tools and integrating advanced techniques,such as supervised fine-tuning.In the data preparation phase,a comprehensive collection of subjective data related to computer network technology is gathered,cleaned,and labeled.During model training and evaluation,optimal hyperparameters and tuning strategies are applied,resulting in a model capable of scoring with high accuracy.Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed model performs well across multiple dimensions-content,expression,and development scores-yielding results comparable to those of manual scoring.

From the Subjectivity of Human Rights to the Universality of Human Rights——A Preliminary Interpretation of the Theory on the Subjectivity of Human Rights

Universality is one of the essential characteristics of human rights, but there is a substantive difference between idealism and realism in understanding the concept of universality of human rights. The concepts of radical universality and strong universality based on the concept of natural human rights are too idealistic and thus have a high risk of being alienated into a tool of international re-pression in practice. On the contrary, the theory on the subjectivity of human rights can effectively defuse this risk brought about by radical universality and strong universality. Advocating a transition from the universality of human rights to the subjectivity of human rights not only keeps in line with the actual construction process of international human rights, but can also effectively interpret the practical difficul-ties in the realization process of international human rights. Therefore, it can be used as another alternative theory on human rights beyond the theory of natural human rights.

A Comparative Study of Nature's Subjectivity in Walden and Tang Poems

Thoreau's Walden and Chinese Tang Poems both attach great importance to nature,devoting large paragraphs to the depiction of it.The significance of this phenomenon is discussed in this paper.Based on the method of close reading and comparative study,it is found that nature,portrayed by Thoreau and Tang poets share one important character,that is,nature assumes subjectivity as an individual being.

Research on Subject Nature and Objective of Physical Education Training

Physical education and training is considered as a new subject among the same type of discipline.It has a short history background and is relatively young.However,the influence of the discipline of physical education and training must not be ignored by simply blaming it as the youngest discipline.In addition,especially in the case of rapid economic development and rapid improvement in living standards today,the influence of this discipline is relatively strong.Therefore,this thesis mainly studies the subject nature and object of physical education training.The research object of this subject can be studied from three key points,such as:the curriculum of the subject,the research method and the research of the subject of education.The comprehensive development of physical education and physical education is a comprehensive discipline.

The psychophysics of а human brain subjective activity

Recently we have established the existence of a “psychogenic field”, which are most likely reflecting on the human brain subjective state. The goal of this study is to further explore the human subjective state which can be registered remotely and objectively in the context of human subjective state. The analysis of the remote influence of a human subjective state on the blood physical and chemical parameters appeared to be main driving horse. The concept of specific physical phenomena in the brain does not exist in the abiocoen. Future exploring pattern of the relationships between the neurophysiologic and subjective processes in the systemic organization of “goal-seeking” behavior suggests that the paradigm presuming the existence of physical phenomena as a unique interrelationship for the active human brain, and their role in the origin of a subjective state.

Pastoral Poets＇ Different Expectations From Nature in Chinese and Western Cultures

Though there is no exact equivalence of western ＂pastoral＂ in Chinese, the description of nature did appear abundantly in both cultures. Western pastorals can be traced back to Roman times while Chinese ＂Tian Yuan Shi＂ （田园诗）, which may serve the best similarities, appeared as early as in East-Jin Dynasty （316-420 A.D.）. Poets in both cultures praised country life and wanted to have a rest in the nature. Despite these similarities or ＂parallel＂, there are also some differences in two kinds of literature which have been widely discussed. Among all the differences, nature＇s function-spirit purification and consolation or a refuge-in fact varies in Chinese and western pastoral poetries. This means what the authors of these literary works expected from nature by panegyrizing nature highly and indulging themselves in nature differ significantly in two cultures. This phenomenon has been under thoughtful investigation. Different cultural, religious and historical backgrounds in Chinese and western cultures are exploited to explain these differences. However, these explanations are all phenomena themselves and lack the definitiveness and inevitability. The different western history opposite to the absence of subjective rights in China, which can find further resource in cultural geography, is examined in this paper to provide a more desirable answer.

Craftsmanship as the Model of a New Cultural Way

In this essay the idea is put forward that rethinking doing is the task that human sciences will need to undertake in the twenty-first century because the dichotomy do/think is one of the most deceptive and dangerous that the Western furor dividendi has ever formulated. Likewise, this is the time to re-do thinking： Both activities, divided from each other, are today quantitatively efficient, but incapable of making sense of themselves, of their own proceeding and of the world where they operate. Similarly incapable are the people who perform them and suffer cruelly from this defeat. It would take a rehabilitated subject, restored to an active role as interpreter and creator of culture, to remedy these shortcomings, reintegrating the spheres in a tensile equilibrium rich in novelty and significance. To this end, in an interdisciplinary perspective, insights by Dumont, Simmel, and Damasio are discussed and connected to Sennett＇s crucial intuition of the need for a new craftsmanship. This becomes the model of a foundational cultural act, in which a complex vision of culture joins a subjectivity that is at the same time a dynamic balance between rational and emotional components and a process where body and soul are inextricably entwined.

Subjectivities of the Scientific Endeavor:Noting the Illusion of Objectivity in the History of Science and Medicine

The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical endeavors.As such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said disciplines.Likewise,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these fields.With this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.

Nature Index在高校学科服务中的应用——以南京师范大学为例

文章分析了NI评价指标和NI数据库,并以南京师范大学为例,介绍如何利用NI为高校学科发展提供学科服务。

基于Nature/Science内容揭示的学科服务实践

介绍了南通大学图书馆基于Nature/Science目录揭示和《Nature/Science信息导报——医学与生命科学专辑》推送的学科服务实践过程,用问卷调查了用户对其的利用情况,提出了图书馆深化学科服务的新思路。

To Knowledge of the Origin of the Brain Mental Activity

This paper is devoted towards the origin of a human subjective state, and we present a methodology for studying the origin of brain activity. We were first to reveal that the subjective states of a human being can be subjected to an objective remote registration. Recently we have established the existence of the so-called “psychogenic field”, which reflects the subjective state of human brain. The subjective state of a human being was shown to affect remotely the physicochemical properties of the blood. The interaction of neurophysiological and subjective processes is described in the context of systemic organization of a goal-directed behavior. An original schematic diagram is presented to describe the formation of a subjective brain state. This approach is based on the feedback influence of a psychogenic field on neuronal molecular processes (self-induction in the brain). We propose a paradigm for the origin of a subjective state and possible existence of physical phenomena and brain fields, which are unique for the active brain.

医学伦理学发展新阶段的历史使命

每个时代都有每个时代伦理学的主轴。当今医学伦理学面临崭新的境遇,资本、技术、权力和全民健康等问题,已经构成医学伦理学应对和挑战的主要课题。新形势向医学伦理学提出了种种新任务,探索完成这些新任务的政策建议和伦理举措;适应新形势医学伦理学如何加强自身理念的充实、创新和提高;在新情境下如何促进医学伦理学在医学领域内的全面覆盖,让医学伦理学在医学中深深扎根,促进医学技术更好地服务于人民大众的健康,都是开启医学伦理学新征程面临的担当。

人文经济学的概念、对象、方法及其实践性、科学性

人文经济是中国共产党人在管理整个国家经济运行实践活动中生成的新经济现象,人文经济学则是对这一新经济现象的学理化阐释和体系化表达。人文经济学以具体地、本真地结合着人文的经济现象抑或人文经济关系为研究对象,以超越抽象走向“具体总体”的系统方法为研究方法,开展“经济领域、经济活动与宏观社会结构系统、人文历史之间结构性关系的本体论研究”“人文精神与经济活动的相互关系研究”“文化活动和产品的商业化、工业化、产业化现象研究”等三大层面的系统性研究。研究阐释新时代人文经济学既可以在理论层面为我们提供认识社会经济现象的真实、系统、完整、科学的理论图景,又可以在实践层面为党和政府治国理政,综合施策提供理论依据,为社会各经济行为主体的行动选择提供理论和知识上的指导。

关于当代家庭教育学科化建设的几点思考

在学者们共同努力下,当前我国家庭教育的发展已从家庭教育指导普及转向学科建设提升。一门相对成熟的独立学科应具有较为明确的研究对象、逻辑起点、基本概念及学科共同体,而教育学、心理学、社会学等多学科、跨领域的知识融合,有助于当代家庭教育的学科建设与发展。我国家庭教育学科建设进路应包括学科框架进一步构建、跨学科研究进一步推进和家庭教育政策进一步聚焦,以至不远的未来在国内外取得独立的学科地位。

环境地球科学国家自然科学基金项目资助情况与学科热点变化

为更好地了解环境地球科学的国家自然科学基金资助情况,使申请者更熟悉本学科的资助趋势,利用统计分析、主题聚类等方法,以2010—2019年的数据为依据,对环境地球科学国家自然科学基金项目情况、二级学科与主要研究方向等进行分析,在环境地球科学领域获得国家自然科学基金项目资助的679个依托单位中选择具有代表性的3家科研机构和3所高校,深入分析环境地球科学的国家自然科学基金项目资助情况、学科热点变化与热点领域,阐述该学科的研究发展动态,以期为科研人员设计研究选题提供指导,为科技创新、管理决策及基金项目申报提供数据参考。

主观题自动评判算法研究综述

在教育教学中,试卷评判是教师获取学生知识点掌握情况的重要途径。然而,试题评分是一个耗时的过程,主观题的评判更需要阅卷人认真、投入、细致地审阅,需要耗费大量精力。要减轻教师工作压力,提高主观题评判的效率,基于人工智能的自动评判技术非常重要,其中主观题的自动评判是难点。随着机器学习和深度学习等技术在自然语言处理领域的发展,主观题自动评判技术有了较大进展。文中将主观题分为常规型和开放型两类进行文献梳理,总结主观题自动评价的标准和公开数据集,归纳涉及的方法和技术路线,并对主观题自动评判技术未来的研究方向进行总结和展望。

新一轮科技革命和产业变革背景下科技创新范式演变分析

在新一轮科技革命和产业变革背景下,需要进一步加强研判科技创新工作的最新趋势和动向,更好地把握当前全球科学发现、技术发明等创新活动的新特点,深入分析科技创新范式的演变逻辑。在梳理已有文献的基础上,总结归纳了新一轮科技革命和产业变革背景下科技创新的新特点和新形势,从价值、主体、客体、路径等4个维度出发,提出科技创新范式的“四维”理论分析框架,并基于该框架,深入探讨了科技创新范式的演变逻辑。最后,提出从体现时代性、把握规律性、富于创造性的体制机制改革举措入手,基于科技创新新范式的主体、客体和路径等维度,畅通各环节,拉长长板,塑造新优势,并围绕强化政府职能、发挥市场作用、培养科技人才、推动科技成果转化等方面提出了具体对策与建议。

他者性:超越主体间性思想政治教育的哲学范式——基于马克思主义实践观的全面审视

他者性哲学是从主体性哲学迈过主体间性哲学的再次批判和超越,对主体性,特别是主体间性哲学进行批判反思而后生成的哲学理论。主体间性在一定程度上克服了主体性主客二元关系对立和个人中心主义,但并没有真正从自我中心的困境中走出来,而他者性建立非利益交换的新型主体间关系、充分认同主体间差异的现实、建立现实的非对称性关系,从根本上破除主体间性“唯我论”根基、改变主体间性“同一性关系”论调、打破主体间性对称性关系,是对主体间性的进一步超越。因此,在马克思主义实践哲学观照下,他者性思想政治教育是建立在生命丰富性基础上的思想政治教育,所建构的师生关系是具有非对称性的新型关系,赋予教育者承担对受教育者无限责任,教育者与受教育者所形成的共生关系有力提升思想政治教育的成效。

从科技对教育影响的历史看数字化对教育变革的作用

教育数字化有多种话语形态,需要从单一强势的技术话语中走出,避免师生陷入工具理性窠臼,让所有人在数字化话语中处于相对平等的站立状态。科技对教育影响的历史表明,即便科技发展对教育的影响是巨大而又关键的,但它的影响具有明显的层级差异。教育作为巨复杂系统不可能彻底科技化、数字化。教育数字化需要在遵从教育原理与规律、坚守教育目的与价值基础上主动积极数字化。在现实中,形式化、功利化、低效的教育数字化危害已经出现,如何有效、适量、恰当地满足使用者自主自愿需求,避免过度抬高数字化而贬低人,需要不断探索。数字化对学生人格的养成造成伤害,技术治理主义对人的本性不断挤压,数字化不断加剧教育的同质化,用大数据方式违逆并损伤学生本能的小数据认知能力与方式,不断增大的数字鸿沟,等等问题,不仅未能引起足够的关注,更没有可行与有效的解决措施。在教育数字化进程中,坚守人的主体性,注重人的成长过程与成长效果,“避免被数字化”成为需要在各方面、各环节严守的底线。教育数字化在技术上可能出现奇点,但通过坚守人本、法治和平权的理念,在均势条件下,以道德规范、群体规则、法律建设和防危害技术的不断提升,确保尽可能减少技术不确定性给人类带来的风险与伤害。

单位实施纯正自然人犯罪行为的处理——基于单位犯罪主体性质的思考

对单位实施纯正自然人犯罪行为的处理,在理论界和实务界中存在不同的观点。形式理性强调处罚合法性与罪刑法定主义的坚守,实质理性则重视处罚合理性与法益保护原则的贯彻。争议焦点在于实施单位行为的单位成员能否绕过单位直接对单位行为承担刑事责任。单位犯罪的主体是单位,单位成员是单位的组成部分。单位成员具有自然人属性和单位成员属性。当且仅当某自然人基于其单位成员属性为单位利益实施某行为时,该行为及其后果才可归于单位。对自然人属性与单位成员属性的区分应当从主观和客观两个方面入手。当某人基于自然人属性利用单位实施纯正自然人犯罪行为时,应当根据间接正犯理论直接追究其刑事责任,单位不承担刑事责任;当某人基于单位成员属性为单位利益实施纯正自然人犯罪行为时,则不能追究单位和单位成员的刑事责任。