A framework for equipment systems-of-systems effectiveness evaluation using parallel experiments approach

Equipment systems-of-systems （SOS） effectiveness evaluation can provide important reference for construction and optimization of the equipment SoS. After discussing the basic theory and methods of parallel experiments, we depict an SoS effectiveness analysis and evaluation method using parallel expe- riments theory in detail. A case study is carried out which takes the missile defense system as an example. An artificial system of the missile defense system is constructed with the multi-agent modeling method. Then, single factor, multiple factors and defense position deployment computational experiments are carried out and evaluated with the statistical analysis method. Experiment re- sults show that the altitude of the secondary interception missile is not the key factor which affects SoS effectiveness and putting the defense position ahead will increase defense effectiveness. The case study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.

Effect of the Transient Response in Si/Ge Parallelizing PN Junction

There are some new results about photovoltaic transient response in the new effect. We suggest a theoretical model to explain the effect reasonably. The theoretical calculation results agree with that in experiments.

ESTIMATION OF OVERALL EFFECTIVENESS FACTORS FOR PARALLEL CATALYTIC REACTIONS

Approximate analytical expressions of overall effectiveness factors for parallel catalytic reac-tions occurring in a spherical catalyst pellet with both internal and external mass transfer resistancesare obtained after taking the information given by asymptotic solutions valid for small and largevalues of Thiele moduli.This approximate procedure is feasible for power law as well asLangmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and the agreement between the approximation and the numerical re-sults is good enough for practical purposes.Moreover,the method does not require any iterative ortrial-and-error computation,and can be conveniently applied in most practical calculations for reac-tors giving reliable results.

基于并联游标效应的MZ光纤应变传感器增敏解调系统

为了进一步提高马赫-曾德尔(MZ)光纤应变传感器的灵敏度,设计了一种基于并联游标效应的MZ光纤应变传感器增敏解调系统。该系统由传感干涉仪和参考干涉仪并联组成,2个干涉仪都是单模-无芯-少模-单模(SNFS)结构的马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)。通过提取2个SNFS-MZI传输信号的差频成分并跟踪其波谷的移动,提高系统应变灵敏度。此外,通过单独提取参考干涉仪的干涉谱,从而消减应变测量时的温度串扰。实验结果表明:该系统的应变灵敏度为7.39 pm/με,约为单个传感干涉仪的应变灵敏度5倍;通过调节参考干涉仪和传感干涉仪的传感臂长,可以灵活调节MZ光纤应变传感器增敏解调系统的灵敏度性能。

Hall Effects on Unsteady MHD Three Dimensional Flow through a Porous Medium in a Rotating Parallel Plate Channel with Effect of Inclined Magnetic Field

In this paper, we make an initial value investigation of the unsteady flow of incompressible viscous fluid between two rigid non-conducting rotating parallel plates bounded by a porous medium under the influence of a uniform magnetic field of strength H0 inclined at an angle of inclination α with normal to the boundaries taking hall current into account. The perturbations are created by a constant pressure gradient along the plates in addition to the non-torsional oscillations of the upper plate while the lower plate is at rest. The flow in the porous medium is governed by the Brinkman’s equations. The exact solution of the velocity in the porous medium consists of steady state and transient state. The time required for the transient state to decay is evaluated in detail and the ultimate quasi-steady state solution has been derived analytically. Its behaviour is computationally discussed with reference to the various governing parameters. The shear stresses on the boundaries are also obtained analytically and their behaviour is computationally discussed.

Hall Current Effects on Unsteady MHD Flow in a Rotating Parallel Plate Channel Bound-ed by Porous Bed on the Lower Half—Darcy Lapwood Model

We discussed the unsteady flow of an incompressible viscous fluid in a rotating parallel plate channel bounded on one side by a porous bed under the influence of a uniform transverse magnetic field taking hall current into account. The perturbations are created by a constant pressure gradient along the plates in addition to the non-torsional oscillations of the upper plate. The flow in the clean fluid region is governed by Navier-Stoke’s equations while in the porous bed the equations are based on Darcy-Lapwood model. The exact solutions of velocity in the clean fluid and the porous medium consist of steady state and transient state. The time required for the transient state to decay is evaluated in detail and ultimate quasi-steady state solution has been derived analytically and also its behaviour is computationally discussed with reference to different flow parameters. The shear stresses on the boundaries and the mass flux are also obtained analytically and their behaviour is computationally discussed.

高海拔地区绝缘子并联间隙雷电冲击试验研究

针对阿里联网工程中海拔4000 m以上线路的雷电防护需求,设计并试制了高海拔地区用110 kV、220 kV电压等级的绝缘子串并联间隙,每个等级的并联间隙依据基准绝缘子串长度的85%和90%设计有两种不同的结构型式,在西藏国家电网高海拔试验基地对绝缘子串和并联间隙开展了雷电冲击特性试验,测试研究了高海拔110 kV、220 kV瓷绝缘子串以及不同型式并联间隙的雷电冲击50%放电电压、伏秒特性和并联间隙保护有效性。试验结果表明,所有型式的并联间隙均能有效疏导电弧路径保护绝缘子串免遭电弧烧蚀,而考虑到并联间隙伏秒特性曲线较绝缘子串的应降低10%以上,110 kV电压等级并联间隙适合选用85%间隙距离型式,220 kV电压等级并联间隙两种型式则均可满足运行需求。

间距对公铁双幅主梁气动特性影响的试验研究

为研究间距对非对称公铁双幅主梁气动特性的影响,以某大跨度公铁双幅斜拉桥主梁断面为背景进行节段模型风洞试验,在间距L/Br=0.2~2.0范围内,测试了2种不同来流方向下双幅主梁的气动特性,分析非对称双幅主梁气动力系数、表面风压分布并推断主梁周围绕流特征,明确间距对非对称公铁双幅主梁气动干扰规律的影响规律。结果表明:无论风向角α=0°或α=180°,上游主梁气动力系数、表面风压分布和绕流方式受间距影响程度相对较小,与单幅主梁气动特性和绕流方式相似;但下游主梁气动特性受间距影响较大,且完全不同于单幅主梁,间隙处的绕流形式随间距的增大而发生变化,下游主梁气动力系数、平均风压系数曲线和脉动风压曲线也表现出完全不同的规律;且间距越大,下游主梁气动特性和绕流方式越接近于单幅主梁。公路主梁的流线性相比于铁路主梁更强,这种气动外形差异导致2种来流方向下非对称双幅主梁气动特性和绕流形式不同,间距在L/Br=0.2~2.0范围内,气动干扰对其影响规律也完全不同。如α=0°时,双主梁上表面始终为“单一钝体流态”;但α=180°时,双主梁上表面属于“剪切层附着流态”,间距不同,上游公路主梁尾流附着于下游铁路主梁的位置不同,据此可再细分为2种不同的绕流方式。研究成果可为同类型非对称双幅桥梁间隙距离设计提供参考。

基于受激布里渊散射的二倍频光电振荡器

为了打破器件带宽限制,提高光电振荡器(optoelectronic oscillator, OEO)的频率范围,设计了一种基于受激布里渊散射的二倍频光电振荡器。系统并联了相位调制器(phase modulator, PM)和双平行马赫曾德尔调制器(dual parallel Mach Zender modulator, DP-MZM),利用受激布里渊散射效应(stimulated Brillouin scattering,SBS)实现相位调制器的相位转幅度调制;打破±1阶边带平衡,利用光电探测器(photodetector, PD)拍频得到基频10 GHz信号;驱动DP-MZM,使其工作在最小传输点,实现载波抑制双边带调制(double side band with suppressed carrier, DSB-SC)产生二倍频20 GHz信号。实验结果显示,所设计的振荡器在OEO环路中基频信号为10 GHz的情况下,产生了20 GHz的二倍频信号,通过分析其边模抑制比性能、频率功率稳定性及相位噪声对系统性能进行验证。

双幅Π型叠合梁桥涡振特性的试验研究

采用弹簧悬挂节段模型风洞试验,研究了不同间距比和来流风攻角下双幅Π型叠合梁桥的涡激振动性能。通过对上、下游断面的涡激振动振幅、锁定区间、相位差等特性的详细分析,探究了双幅Π型叠合梁的涡激振动特性。结果表明:在各个攻角(α=±5°,±3°,0°)和间距比(L/D=6~8)下,双幅Π型叠合梁下游断面的涡激振动振幅因气动干扰的作用而被显著放大,而上游受干扰较小,其振幅较之单幅Π型叠合梁略小或接近;上、下游断面的涡激振动风速锁定区间以及涡脱频率几乎不受气动干扰效应的影响,与单幅桥基本一致,然而上、下游断面间的涡激振动存在显著的振动相位差,且其值随着振幅和风速的增大呈近似线性减小趋势。此外,与单幅Π型叠合梁涡激振动性能最不利发生在负攻角的特性不同,双幅Π型叠合梁的涡激振动振幅在正攻角下较大,导致其涡激振动最不利攻角发生在α=+5°。该文研究结果可为类似双幅桥梁的抗风设计提供有益参考。

浅埋近距离煤层工作面过平行煤柱开采强矿压显现规律

浅埋近距离煤层工作面过平行煤柱开采容易发生强矿压压架事故,严重影响工作面安全高效开采。以榆家梁煤矿43207工作面和石圪台煤矿2^(-2上)102及2^(-2上)103工作面为背景,采用理论分析、物理模拟和现场实测相结合的方法,根据间隔岩层厚度和煤柱应力传递影响角,提出了过煤柱阶段划分判据,重点分析了不同间采比G、水力压裂程度条件下,过平行煤柱不同阶段的矿压显现特征。结果表明:由于上覆遗留煤柱及倒梯形覆岩结构的作用,导致煤柱影响阶段来压时支架平均载荷最大,进煤柱阶段次之,出煤柱阶段最小,强矿压位置主要集中在出煤柱影响阶段范围;间采比越小,工作面过煤柱采动期间来压时支架平均载荷越大,间采比G=5.5较G=10在进煤柱阶段、煤柱影响阶段和出煤柱阶段分别增大14.6%、14.2%和23.5%,动载效应越明显;间采比对周期来压步距影响不大,总体上煤柱影响阶段的周期来压步距是进出煤柱阶段的1.6~2倍,周期来压步距越大造成顶板悬伸长度增大,导致工作面来压时支架载荷明显。根据过煤柱阶段不同水力压裂范围的矿压规律分析,压裂后的支架平均载荷较未压裂减小11.2%~15%,来压步距减小7.8%~20.3%,水力压裂效果较明显,可有效地降低工作面过煤柱采动的强矿压风险,为类似开采条件的强矿压控制提供借鉴意义。

PT对称多线圈并联无线电能传输系统参数优化

针对宇称时间(parity-time,PT)对称多线圈并联无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)系统参数相互关联,系统参数配置困难,提出一种基于PT对称的多线圈并联WPT系统参数优化设计方法。建立基于PT对称多线圈并联WPT系统数学模型,给出系统输出功率、传输效率以及有效传输距离的一般性影响规律表达式。采用一种非线性规划和遗传算法相结合的优化方法,以输出功率为目标函数,以传输效率和有效传输距离为约束条件,对系统发射-接受线圈数及谐振参数进行寻优。根据优化结果搭建实验样机,实验结果表明系统在满足所需传输效率及有效传输距离下,系统功率输出达到设计要求,验证了理论分析和优化方法的有效性。

Basic solutions of multiple parallel symmetric mode-III cracks in functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic material plane

The Schmidt method is adopted to investigate the fracture problem of multiple parallel symmetric and permeable finite length mode-III cracks in a functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic material plane. This problem is formulated into dual integral equations, in which the unknown variables are the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces. In order to obtain the dual integral equations, the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces are directly expanded as a series of Jacobi polynomials. The results show that the stress, the electric displacement, and the magnetic flux intensity factors of cracks depend on the crack length, the functionally graded parameter, and the distance among the multiple parallel cracks. The crack shielding effect is also obviously presented in a functionally graded piezoelectric/piezomagnetic material plane with mul- tiple parallel symmetric mode-III cracks.

Scheduling Multiple Orders per Job with Multiple Constraints on Identical Parallel Machines

With a comprehensive consideration of multiple product types,past-sequence-dependent(p-s-d) setup times,and deterioration effects constraints in processes of wafer fabrication systems,a novel scheduling model of multiple orders per job(MOJ)on identical parallel machines was developed and an immune genetic algorithm(IGA) was applied to solving the scheduling problem.A scheduling problem domain was described.A non-linear mathematical programming model was also set up with an objective function of minimizing total weighted earliness-tardiness penalties of the system.On the basis of the mathematical model,IGA was put forward.Based on the genetic algorithm(GA),the proposed algorithm(IGA) can generate feasible solutions and ensure the diversity of antibodies.In the process of immunization programming,to guarantee the algorithm's convergence performance,the modified rule of apparent tardiness cost with setups(ATCS) was presented.Finally,simulation experiments were designed,and the results indicated that the algorithm had good adaptability when the values of the constraints' characteristic parameters were changed and it verified the validity of the algorithm.

Multifrequency Magneto-optic Bragg Diffraction and Radio Frequency Signal Parallel Processing

Magneto-optic(MO)coupling of guided optical waves with microwave magnetostatic waves(MSWs)simultaneously excited by multiple radio frequency(RF)signals can lead to multifrequency diffraction effects and then parallel processing of RF signals can be realized by using of the characteristics that diffraction efficiencies(DEs)are approximately in direct proportion to RF signals intensities and diffraction angles are related to frequencies of the corresponding RF signals within linear MO interaction region.In this paper,studied is the multifrequency MO Bragg diffraction in first-order MO interaction approximation,and obtained was the approximate analytical expression for principle diffraction efficiency(PDE).Also,put forward was a parallel imaging method of relative intensity of RF signals based on single-frequency diffraction.By calculation and analysis,it is shown that the relative error is not more than 0.3dB for the case of three RF signals within the frequency space of 60MHz.

带径向通风沟的大型水轮发电机励磁电流计算

励磁电流是大型水轮发电机设计的一个重要参数,直接影响电机的效率、温升等。但受径向通风沟和端部效应的影响,电机铁芯本体磁场沿轴向的分布并不一致。在电机磁路计算时,每一段磁路采用相应的轴向有效长度,很明显该方法并不适用于励磁电流的二维有限元计算。因此,本文提出了电机等效长度计算方法和硅钢片导磁特性等效方法,并将其用于励磁电流的二维有限元计算中。以一台在电站实际运行的真机为例,利用本文提出的方法对其空载和负载励磁电流进行了计算,并与实测结果进行了对比,证明了方法的准确性。

非平行壁面采场充填体三维应力分布规律研究

为研究上下盘非平行壁面倾斜采场充填体应力分布规律,选取倾斜采场中三维水平充填层作为微分计算单元,基于极限平衡法考虑其竖直方向的受力平衡,提出非平行壁面的倾斜采场充填体的三维应力解析解,并分析不同参数对应力分布规律的影响。研究结果表明:三维条件下非平行壁面倾斜采场充填体竖向应力分布形式同平面应变条件下类似,在计算深度较小时竖向应力为近线性分布,随着计算深度的增加竖向应力增加率逐渐减小,但应力数值相对平面应变条件下较低。上盘倾角一定时,下盘倾角越大则拱效应越不明显;采场高度一定时,高宽比越大,拱效应越显著。充填体—围岩界面内摩擦角对充填体内拱效应影响较大,界面黏聚力和充填体抗剪强度参数对充填体应力分布影响相对较小。研究结果可为充填体强度设计提供参考。

SEGMENT DENSITY PROFILES OF COMPACT POLYMER CHAINS CONFINED BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL PLANE WALLS

We use the pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method to investigate systematically the segment density profiles of compact polymer chains confined between two parallel plane walls. The non-adsorption case of adsorption interaction energy ε = 0 and the weak adsorption case of ε= -1 are considered for the compact polymer chains with different chain lengths N and different separation distances between two walls D. Several special entropy effects on the confined compact polymer chains, such as a damped oscillation in the segment density profile for the large separation distance D, are observed and discussed for different separation distances D in the non-adsorption case. In the weak adsorption case, investigations on the segment density profiles indicate that the competition between the entropy and adsorption effects results in an obvious depletion layer. Moreover, the scaling laws of the damped oscillation period Td and the depletion layer width Ld are obtained for the confined compact chains. Most of these results are obtained for the first time so far as we know, which are expected to understand the properties of the confined compact polymer chains more completely.

新高考投档方式对本科专业生源质量的影响——基于15省(市)高考录取数据的实证分析

新高考投档方式通过缩小投档单位与录取单位之间的差异,可以释放考生的专业偏好、减少保守填报行为,并对本科专业生源质量产生影响。基于2016—2021年15省(市)的高考录取数据统计,通过双向固定效应模型分析得出3点结论:1)改革不仅提升了高偏好专业的生源质量,也提升了本科专业整体生源质量的平均水平;2)改革后不同专业生源质量的变化方向并不相同,高偏好专业相对低偏好专业在生源竞争中更具优势;3)选考科目要求相对严格的专业,其生源质量在改革中更容易受到冲击。基于上述结果,提出应加强对基础学科专业生源质量的监测与支持、设置专业选考科目要求时要平衡生源质量与学科发展之间的关系、规范高校以热带冷策略工具的使用等3方面建议。

逆导型IGBT电压回跳现象在电路应用中的影响分析

逆导型IGBT(RC-IGBT)是一种新型功率半导体器件,实现了IGBT和续流二极管的片内集成,具有体积小、成本低、功率密度高、正温度系数、良好的功率循环能力和关断特性等诸多优势。RC-IGBT正向导通时存在电压回跳现象,建立物理模型详细分析其产生机理及影响因素,得出了缓冲层掺杂浓度是决定回跳电压大小的重要因素。进一步通过控制变量法,利用TCAD仿真软件,从导通特性、并联均流特性和开关特性三个方面详细测试,分析了具有不同程度回跳现象的RC-IGBT在实际电路应用中的影响。通过合理的参数选择,可将回跳电压控制在可接受的范围内,并提高了器件的综合性能,为RC-IGBT设计优化和实际应用提供了有价值的参考和理论指导。