We introduce novel methods to determine optimum detection thresholds for the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) algorithm used by the International Data Centre (IDC) to perform infrasound and seismic station...We introduce novel methods to determine optimum detection thresholds for the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) algorithm used by the International Data Centre (IDC) to perform infrasound and seismic station-level nuclear-event detection. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis is used with real ground truth data to determine the trade-off between the probability of detection (PD) and the false alarm rate (FAR) at various detection thresholds. Further, statistical detection theory via maximum a posteriori and Bayes cost approaches is used to determine station-level optimum “family” size thresholds before detections should be considered for network-level processing. These threshold-determining methods are extensible for family-characterizing statistics other than “size,” such as a family’s collective F-statistic or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, the reliability of analysts’ decisions as to whether families should be preserved for network-level processing can only benefit from access to multiple, independent, optimum decision thresholds based upon size, F-statistic, SNR, etc.展开更多
Fatty acids(FAs)are an important class of functional small molecules and participate in a variety of life biological processes.This experiment proposed a liquid chromatography–quadrupole-Qrbitrap mass spectrometry(LC...Fatty acids(FAs)are an important class of functional small molecules and participate in a variety of life biological processes.This experiment proposed a liquid chromatography–quadrupole-Qrbitrap mass spectrometry(LC–Q-Orbitrap MS)method to perform FA profiling under parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)acquisition mode.The FA was derivatized by 2-dimethylaminoethylamine(DMED)to increase the ionization e fficiency and provide the characterized fragment pattern.The mass spectra obtained from full scan,multiple ion monitoring(MIM),and PRM were compared.The results showed that the protonated ion of FA+DMED–H2O was detected and the neutral loss of 45.06 Da was observed in the tandem mass spectrum.The PRM method provided the highest selectivity and sensitivity for FA detection with the help of accurate mass weight and specific neutral loss-based fragments.The method validation was performed using the FA standards and pooled quality control serum sample,which showed that the established method had good repeatability,stability,and linearity.Finally,the developed method was successfully applied to analyze the rat serum and brain tissue samples for the drug e ffi-cacy evaluation of gross saponin of Tribulus terrestris L.fruit(GSTTF)against middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)-induced ischemic stroke.This method has extensive practicability and great potential in the detection of FA,especially for the analysis of samples with complex matrices.展开更多
High-speed real-time digital frequency analysis is one major field of Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)application,such as Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)processing and medical imaging.In SAR processing,the image size could b...High-speed real-time digital frequency analysis is one major field of Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)application,such as Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)processing and medical imaging.In SAR processing,the image size could be 4 k×4 k in normal and it has become larger over the years.In the view of real-time,extensibility and reusable characteristics,an Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)based multi-channel variable-length FFT architecture which adopts radix-2 butterfly algorithm is proposed in this paper.The hardware implementation of FFT is partially reconfigurable architecture.Firstly,the proposed architecture in the paper has flexibility in terms of chip area,speed,resource utilization and power consumption.Secondly,the proposed architecture combines serial and parallel methods in its butterfly computations.Furthermore,on system-level issue,the proposed architecture takes advantage of state processing in serial mode and data processing in parallel mode.In case of sufficient FPGA resources,state processing of serial mode mentioned above is converted to pipeline mode.State processing of pipeline mode achieves high throughput.展开更多
Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility(Ogura CMS)is extensively applied in hybrid seed production in cruciferous crops.However,the posttranscriptional molecular basis of Ogura CMS in cruciferous crops remains elusive.Here,a...Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility(Ogura CMS)is extensively applied in hybrid seed production in cruciferous crops.However,the posttranscriptional molecular basis of Ogura CMS in cruciferous crops remains elusive.Here,a data-independent acquisition-based proteomic approach coupled with a parallel reaction monitoring-based targeted proteomic assay was used to analyze the proteome dynamics of Ogura CMS cabbage line RM and its maintainer line RF during floral bud development to obtain insights into the mechanism underlying Ogura CMS in cruciferous crops.A total of 9162 proteins corresponding to 61464 peptides were identified in RM and RF floral buds.The proteomic fluctuation of RM was weaker than that of RF.Differences in protein expression between RM and RF gradually enlarged with floral bud development.Fifteen continually up-regulated and eight continually down-regulated proteins were found in RM relative to RF throughout floral bud development.Differentially expressed proteins between RM and RF during floral bud development were implicated in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-associated protein processing pathway,in which most of them exhibited down-regulated expression in RM.These data suggest that ER-associated protein processing may be involved in pollen abortion in Ogura CMS cabbage by inhibiting the expression of critical factors.Our findings not only deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Ogura CMS in cruciferous crops but also provide better guidance for applying Ogura CMS in the hybrid breeding of cruciferous crops.展开更多
The development of colorimetric analysis technologies for the commercial cellphone platform has attracted great attention in environmental monitoring due to the low cost,high versatility,easy miniaturization,and wides...The development of colorimetric analysis technologies for the commercial cellphone platform has attracted great attention in environmental monitoring due to the low cost,high versatility,easy miniaturization,and widespread ownership of cellphones.This work demonstrates a cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for quantifying multiple environmental contaminants simultaneously with high sensitivity and stability.To improve the sensitivity of the sensor,a delicate optical path system was created by using a diffraction grating to split six white beams transmitting through the multiple colored samples,which allows the cellphone CMOS camera to capture the diffracted light for image analysis.The proposed sensor is a universal colorimetric detection platform for a variety of environmental contaminants with the colorimetry assay in the range of 400–700 nm.By introducing the diffraction grating for splitting light,the sensitivity was improved by over six folds compared with a system that directly photographed transmitted light.As a successful proof-of-concept,the sensor was used to detect turbidity,orthophosphate,ammonia nitrogen and three heavy metals simultaneously with high sensitivity(turbidity:detection limit of 1.3 NTU,linear range of 5–400 NTU;ammonia nitrogen:0.014 mg/L,0.05–5 mg/L;orthophosphate:0.028 mg/L,0.1–10 mg/L;Cr(VI):0.0069 mg/L,0.01–0.5 mg/L;Fe:0.025 mg/L,0.1–2 mg/L;Zn:0.032 mg/L,0.05–2 mg/L)and reliability(relative standard deviations of six parallel measurements of 0.37%–1.60%and recoveries of 95.5%–106.0%in surface water).The miniature sensor demonstrated in-field sensing ability in environmental monitoring,which can be extended to point-of-care diagnosis and food safety control.展开更多
【目的】系统研究棉秆的化学成分,为其深入开发利用奠定基础。【方法】采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution ma...【目的】系统研究棉秆的化学成分,为其深入开发利用奠定基础。【方法】采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry,UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS),色谱柱为Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD^(TM)aQ(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),流速为0.3 m L·min^(-1),柱温为40℃,进样量为2μL;质谱采用电喷雾离子源,在正、负离子模式下采用一级母离子全扫描和数据依赖性前三强二级子离子扫描并结合平行反应监测(parallel reaction monitoring,PRM)模式采集数据。【结果】在棉秆中共鉴定了102种化合物,包括有机酸类化合物48种、黄酮及其苷类化合物13种、萜类化合物10种、核苷酸类化合物8种、氨基酸类化合物8种、香豆素类化合物3种、生物碱类化合物2种、其他化合物10种。其中,92种为首次在棉秆中发现。【结论】建立的UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS结合PRM方法操作简便,灵敏度高,分析速度快,鉴定了棉秆中102种化合物,首次鉴定了92种,为棉秆的深入开发利用奠定基础。展开更多
文摘We introduce novel methods to determine optimum detection thresholds for the Progressive Multi-Channel Correlation (PMCC) algorithm used by the International Data Centre (IDC) to perform infrasound and seismic station-level nuclear-event detection. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis is used with real ground truth data to determine the trade-off between the probability of detection (PD) and the false alarm rate (FAR) at various detection thresholds. Further, statistical detection theory via maximum a posteriori and Bayes cost approaches is used to determine station-level optimum “family” size thresholds before detections should be considered for network-level processing. These threshold-determining methods are extensible for family-characterizing statistics other than “size,” such as a family’s collective F-statistic or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, the reliability of analysts’ decisions as to whether families should be preserved for network-level processing can only benefit from access to multiple, independent, optimum decision thresholds based upon size, F-statistic, SNR, etc.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104366)the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20210101426JC and 20220505047ZP)the Changchun University of Chinese Medicine(202326)。
文摘Fatty acids(FAs)are an important class of functional small molecules and participate in a variety of life biological processes.This experiment proposed a liquid chromatography–quadrupole-Qrbitrap mass spectrometry(LC–Q-Orbitrap MS)method to perform FA profiling under parallel reaction monitoring(PRM)acquisition mode.The FA was derivatized by 2-dimethylaminoethylamine(DMED)to increase the ionization e fficiency and provide the characterized fragment pattern.The mass spectra obtained from full scan,multiple ion monitoring(MIM),and PRM were compared.The results showed that the protonated ion of FA+DMED–H2O was detected and the neutral loss of 45.06 Da was observed in the tandem mass spectrum.The PRM method provided the highest selectivity and sensitivity for FA detection with the help of accurate mass weight and specific neutral loss-based fragments.The method validation was performed using the FA standards and pooled quality control serum sample,which showed that the established method had good repeatability,stability,and linearity.Finally,the developed method was successfully applied to analyze the rat serum and brain tissue samples for the drug e ffi-cacy evaluation of gross saponin of Tribulus terrestris L.fruit(GSTTF)against middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)-induced ischemic stroke.This method has extensive practicability and great potential in the detection of FA,especially for the analysis of samples with complex matrices.
基金The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61271149)and by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4144093)
文摘High-speed real-time digital frequency analysis is one major field of Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)application,such as Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)processing and medical imaging.In SAR processing,the image size could be 4 k×4 k in normal and it has become larger over the years.In the view of real-time,extensibility and reusable characteristics,an Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)based multi-channel variable-length FFT architecture which adopts radix-2 butterfly algorithm is proposed in this paper.The hardware implementation of FFT is partially reconfigurable architecture.Firstly,the proposed architecture in the paper has flexibility in terms of chip area,speed,resource utilization and power consumption.Secondly,the proposed architecture combines serial and parallel methods in its butterfly computations.Furthermore,on system-level issue,the proposed architecture takes advantage of state processing in serial mode and data processing in parallel mode.In case of sufficient FPGA resources,state processing of serial mode mentioned above is converted to pipeline mode.State processing of pipeline mode achieves high throughput.
基金supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.YQ2022C012)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022MD713728)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Fund(Grant No.LBHZ21046)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops(Northeast Region),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,and National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1201501).
文摘Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility(Ogura CMS)is extensively applied in hybrid seed production in cruciferous crops.However,the posttranscriptional molecular basis of Ogura CMS in cruciferous crops remains elusive.Here,a data-independent acquisition-based proteomic approach coupled with a parallel reaction monitoring-based targeted proteomic assay was used to analyze the proteome dynamics of Ogura CMS cabbage line RM and its maintainer line RF during floral bud development to obtain insights into the mechanism underlying Ogura CMS in cruciferous crops.A total of 9162 proteins corresponding to 61464 peptides were identified in RM and RF floral buds.The proteomic fluctuation of RM was weaker than that of RF.Differences in protein expression between RM and RF gradually enlarged with floral bud development.Fifteen continually up-regulated and eight continually down-regulated proteins were found in RM relative to RF throughout floral bud development.Differentially expressed proteins between RM and RF during floral bud development were implicated in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-associated protein processing pathway,in which most of them exhibited down-regulated expression in RM.These data suggest that ER-associated protein processing may be involved in pollen abortion in Ogura CMS cabbage by inhibiting the expression of critical factors.Our findings not only deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Ogura CMS in cruciferous crops but also provide better guidance for applying Ogura CMS in the hybrid breeding of cruciferous crops.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD1100501).
文摘The development of colorimetric analysis technologies for the commercial cellphone platform has attracted great attention in environmental monitoring due to the low cost,high versatility,easy miniaturization,and widespread ownership of cellphones.This work demonstrates a cellphone-based colorimetric multi-channel sensor for quantifying multiple environmental contaminants simultaneously with high sensitivity and stability.To improve the sensitivity of the sensor,a delicate optical path system was created by using a diffraction grating to split six white beams transmitting through the multiple colored samples,which allows the cellphone CMOS camera to capture the diffracted light for image analysis.The proposed sensor is a universal colorimetric detection platform for a variety of environmental contaminants with the colorimetry assay in the range of 400–700 nm.By introducing the diffraction grating for splitting light,the sensitivity was improved by over six folds compared with a system that directly photographed transmitted light.As a successful proof-of-concept,the sensor was used to detect turbidity,orthophosphate,ammonia nitrogen and three heavy metals simultaneously with high sensitivity(turbidity:detection limit of 1.3 NTU,linear range of 5–400 NTU;ammonia nitrogen:0.014 mg/L,0.05–5 mg/L;orthophosphate:0.028 mg/L,0.1–10 mg/L;Cr(VI):0.0069 mg/L,0.01–0.5 mg/L;Fe:0.025 mg/L,0.1–2 mg/L;Zn:0.032 mg/L,0.05–2 mg/L)and reliability(relative standard deviations of six parallel measurements of 0.37%–1.60%and recoveries of 95.5%–106.0%in surface water).The miniature sensor demonstrated in-field sensing ability in environmental monitoring,which can be extended to point-of-care diagnosis and food safety control.
