Farmers' compensation for land acquisition is not only critical to increasing their income and to playing a pivotal role in maintaining rural stability,but also to the promotion of sustainable land use.Based on an...Farmers' compensation for land acquisition is not only critical to increasing their income and to playing a pivotal role in maintaining rural stability,but also to the promotion of sustainable land use.Based on analysis of Chinese land acquisition policy under the Land Management Law,which provides principles or guidelines for determining compensation according to agricultural land use in regard to farmers' previous quality of life,the Life Satisfaction Approach is introduced in this article to evaluate farmers' compensation for land acquisition.Employing data from a questionnaire survey on 346 farming households in Wuhan Suburbs,this article examined the influence of farmland on farmers' life satisfaction and evaluated the level of compensation for land acquisition.Results show that farmland has a significantly positive impact on life satisfaction,which fell by 0.033 on a five-point scale following a reduction farmland by of 1 mu.Respondents were willing to accept approximately RMB 3066.44 annual household income for the loss of 1 mu farmland;the level of compensation after discounting by 6.2%is RMB 750,000 per hectare.It was found in a further comparative study that the level of farmers' compensation for land acquisition is decidedly low,and it was also shown that their compensation standards,as well as the actual compensation,could be substantially improved by expanding economic compensation to non-economic compensation to embody farmland multifunction in terms of production and non-production against farmers' previous quality of life.This article proposes a compensation model that enriches the content of land acquisition compensation,extends the current literature on measuring compensation,and provides economic theory bases for increasing compensation standards and improving policies related to land acquisition.We consider that if this compensation model is applied,it could raise the cost of land acquisition and improve usage of land,reduce the speed of rural-urban land conversion,and improve farmers' well-being.展开更多
We present the thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） measurement technology of compensating for the effect of variations in the refractive index based on a Nd： YA G laser feedback system, the beam frequency is shifte...We present the thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） measurement technology of compensating for the effect of variations in the refractive index based on a Nd： YA G laser feedback system, the beam frequency is shifted by a pair of aeousto-optic modulators and then the heterodyne phase measurement technique is used. The sample measured is placed in a muffle furnace with two coaxial holes opened on the opposite furnace walls. The measurement beams hit perpendicularly and coaxially on each surface of the sample. The reference beams hit on the reference mirror and the high-refiectivity mirror, respectively. By the heterodyne configuration and computing, the influences of the vibration, distortion of the sample supporter and the effect of variations in the refractive index are measured and largely minimized. For validation, the TECs of aluminum samples are determined in the temperature range of 29-748K, confirming not only the precision within 5 × 10-7 K-1 and the accuracy within 0.4% from 298K to 448K but also the high sensitivity non-contact measurement of the lower reflectivity surface induced by the sample oxidization from 448 K to 748 K.展开更多
According to the practices in the field of ecological compensation for water conservancy in Zhejiang Province,this article points out the problems and shortcomings in the ecological compensation mechanism for water co...According to the practices in the field of ecological compensation for water conservancy in Zhejiang Province,this article points out the problems and shortcomings in the ecological compensation mechanism for water conservancy,analyzes the obstacles to the effective running of the mechanism,explains the internal reasons for the implementation process of the mechanism,and discusses the countermeasures for developing this mechanism.展开更多
English teaching in China has attached too much importance to the input of the target language culture,while neglecting our native culture.As a result,students cannot express Chinese culture in English,completely sepa...English teaching in China has attached too much importance to the input of the target language culture,while neglecting our native culture.As a result,students cannot express Chinese culture in English,completely separating Chinese culture from English learning,leading to the serious native culture aphasia.This paper not only analyzes the reasons for this phenomenon from the aspects of curriculum setting,learning motivation,and teachers’quality,but also explains the necessity of integrating Chinese native culture in English teaching.On this basis,effective solutions are put forward from the perspective of classroom teaching,textbook compilation,curriculum arrangement,and so on.展开更多
The objective of this research is to realize a composite nonlinear feedback control approach for a class of linear and nonlinear systems with parallel-distributed compensation along with sliding mode control technique...The objective of this research is to realize a composite nonlinear feedback control approach for a class of linear and nonlinear systems with parallel-distributed compensation along with sliding mode control technique.The proposed composite nonlinear feedback control approach consists of two parts.In a word,the first part provides the stability of the closed-loop system and the fast convergence response,as long as the second one improves transient response.In this research,the genetic algorithm in line with the fuzzy logic is designed to calculate constant controller coefficients and optimize the control effort.The effectiveness of the proposed design is demonstrated by servo position control system and inverted pendulum system with DC motor simulation results.展开更多
Eco-compensation,a marketbased approach to environmental protection,has been widely implemented in China since it was first introduced two decades ago.At the Eighth International Conference on Eco-compensation and Pay...Eco-compensation,a marketbased approach to environmental protection,has been widely implemented in China since it was first introduced two decades ago.At the Eighth International Conference on Eco-compensation and Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)held in Chengdu,capital of southwestern China’s Sichuan Province,in December 2019,more than 300 Chinese and foreign experts and scholars shared their views on hot topics and major issues in the field of eco-compensation such as institutional innovation,mechanisms for cross-border river basin management and protection,synergy between eco-compensation and poverty reduction and the role of the private sector in a comprehensive eco-compensation program.展开更多
The bias drift of a micro-electro-mechanical systems （MEMS） accelerometer suffers from the l/f noise and the tem- perature effect. For massive applications, the bias drift urgently needs to be improved. Conventional...The bias drift of a micro-electro-mechanical systems （MEMS） accelerometer suffers from the l/f noise and the tem- perature effect. For massive applications, the bias drift urgently needs to be improved. Conventional methods often cannot ad- dress the l/f noise and temperature effect in one architecture. In this paper, a combined approach on closed-loop architecture modification is proposed to minimize the bias drift. The modulated feedback approach is used to isolate the l/f noise that exists in the conventional direct feedback approach. Then a common mode signal is created and added into the closed loop on the basis of modulated feedback architecture, to compensate for the temperature drift. With the combined approach, the bias instability is improved to less than 13 μg, and the drift of the Allan variance result is reduced to 17 μg at 100 s of the integration time. The temperature coefficient is reduced from 4.68 to 0.1 mg/℃. The combined approach could be useful for many other closed-loop accelerometers.展开更多
为了明确土地利用方式的变化与生态系统服务供给之间的关系,该文以黑河流域上游为研究区,基于SWAT(soil and water assessmenttool)模型和最小数据法分析了补偿价格变化对禁牧比例以及提供的水源涵养服务的影响。研究表明:1)放牧与禁牧...为了明确土地利用方式的变化与生态系统服务供给之间的关系,该文以黑河流域上游为研究区,基于SWAT(soil and water assessmenttool)模型和最小数据法分析了补偿价格变化对禁牧比例以及提供的水源涵养服务的影响。研究表明:1)放牧与禁牧情景下水源涵养服务产出率平均为25.27m3/hm2;2)SWAT模型能够较精确地模拟流域的水文过程,模型率定期和验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别达到0.81和0.88,R2分别为0.94和0.93,年平均径流量的相对误差分别为16.3%和15.6%。3)不同子流域内禁牧的机会成本存在差异,禁牧的平均机会成本为289.99元/hm2;4)不同补偿价格下新增草地禁牧比例及其提供的水源涵养服务的供给量不同。当所有子流域内的低质量草地全部禁牧后,1990-2000年间可提供水源涵养服务的总量为7.79×108m3,新增水源涵养服务量达到7.66×108m3。该文为生态补偿对象的空间选择与补偿标准的确定提供科学依据。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 71,303,087],[grant number 71,103,072]the Research Project of Humanities and Social Sciences by the Ministry of Education of China[grant number 11YJC790060]
文摘Farmers' compensation for land acquisition is not only critical to increasing their income and to playing a pivotal role in maintaining rural stability,but also to the promotion of sustainable land use.Based on analysis of Chinese land acquisition policy under the Land Management Law,which provides principles or guidelines for determining compensation according to agricultural land use in regard to farmers' previous quality of life,the Life Satisfaction Approach is introduced in this article to evaluate farmers' compensation for land acquisition.Employing data from a questionnaire survey on 346 farming households in Wuhan Suburbs,this article examined the influence of farmland on farmers' life satisfaction and evaluated the level of compensation for land acquisition.Results show that farmland has a significantly positive impact on life satisfaction,which fell by 0.033 on a five-point scale following a reduction farmland by of 1 mu.Respondents were willing to accept approximately RMB 3066.44 annual household income for the loss of 1 mu farmland;the level of compensation after discounting by 6.2%is RMB 750,000 per hectare.It was found in a further comparative study that the level of farmers' compensation for land acquisition is decidedly low,and it was also shown that their compensation standards,as well as the actual compensation,could be substantially improved by expanding economic compensation to non-economic compensation to embody farmland multifunction in terms of production and non-production against farmers' previous quality of life.This article proposes a compensation model that enriches the content of land acquisition compensation,extends the current literature on measuring compensation,and provides economic theory bases for increasing compensation standards and improving policies related to land acquisition.We consider that if this compensation model is applied,it could raise the cost of land acquisition and improve usage of land,reduce the speed of rural-urban land conversion,and improve farmers' well-being.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No F050306
文摘We present the thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） measurement technology of compensating for the effect of variations in the refractive index based on a Nd： YA G laser feedback system, the beam frequency is shifted by a pair of aeousto-optic modulators and then the heterodyne phase measurement technique is used. The sample measured is placed in a muffle furnace with two coaxial holes opened on the opposite furnace walls. The measurement beams hit perpendicularly and coaxially on each surface of the sample. The reference beams hit on the reference mirror and the high-refiectivity mirror, respectively. By the heterodyne configuration and computing, the influences of the vibration, distortion of the sample supporter and the effect of variations in the refractive index are measured and largely minimized. For validation, the TECs of aluminum samples are determined in the temperature range of 29-748K, confirming not only the precision within 5 × 10-7 K-1 and the accuracy within 0.4% from 298K to 448K but also the high sensitivity non-contact measurement of the lower reflectivity surface induced by the sample oxidization from 448 K to 748 K.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Social Sciences Research Project in 2011(2011B051)Hangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project in2012(B12YJ15)
文摘According to the practices in the field of ecological compensation for water conservancy in Zhejiang Province,this article points out the problems and shortcomings in the ecological compensation mechanism for water conservancy,analyzes the obstacles to the effective running of the mechanism,explains the internal reasons for the implementation process of the mechanism,and discusses the countermeasures for developing this mechanism.
文摘English teaching in China has attached too much importance to the input of the target language culture,while neglecting our native culture.As a result,students cannot express Chinese culture in English,completely separating Chinese culture from English learning,leading to the serious native culture aphasia.This paper not only analyzes the reasons for this phenomenon from the aspects of curriculum setting,learning motivation,and teachers’quality,but also explains the necessity of integrating Chinese native culture in English teaching.On this basis,effective solutions are put forward from the perspective of classroom teaching,textbook compilation,curriculum arrangement,and so on.
文摘The objective of this research is to realize a composite nonlinear feedback control approach for a class of linear and nonlinear systems with parallel-distributed compensation along with sliding mode control technique.The proposed composite nonlinear feedback control approach consists of two parts.In a word,the first part provides the stability of the closed-loop system and the fast convergence response,as long as the second one improves transient response.In this research,the genetic algorithm in line with the fuzzy logic is designed to calculate constant controller coefficients and optimize the control effort.The effectiveness of the proposed design is demonstrated by servo position control system and inverted pendulum system with DC motor simulation results.
文摘Eco-compensation,a marketbased approach to environmental protection,has been widely implemented in China since it was first introduced two decades ago.At the Eighth International Conference on Eco-compensation and Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)held in Chengdu,capital of southwestern China’s Sichuan Province,in December 2019,more than 300 Chinese and foreign experts and scholars shared their views on hot topics and major issues in the field of eco-compensation such as institutional innovation,mechanisms for cross-border river basin management and protection,synergy between eco-compensation and poverty reduction and the role of the private sector in a comprehensive eco-compensation program.
文摘The bias drift of a micro-electro-mechanical systems （MEMS） accelerometer suffers from the l/f noise and the tem- perature effect. For massive applications, the bias drift urgently needs to be improved. Conventional methods often cannot ad- dress the l/f noise and temperature effect in one architecture. In this paper, a combined approach on closed-loop architecture modification is proposed to minimize the bias drift. The modulated feedback approach is used to isolate the l/f noise that exists in the conventional direct feedback approach. Then a common mode signal is created and added into the closed loop on the basis of modulated feedback architecture, to compensate for the temperature drift. With the combined approach, the bias instability is improved to less than 13 μg, and the drift of the Allan variance result is reduced to 17 μg at 100 s of the integration time. The temperature coefficient is reduced from 4.68 to 0.1 mg/℃. The combined approach could be useful for many other closed-loop accelerometers.
文摘为了明确土地利用方式的变化与生态系统服务供给之间的关系,该文以黑河流域上游为研究区,基于SWAT(soil and water assessmenttool)模型和最小数据法分析了补偿价格变化对禁牧比例以及提供的水源涵养服务的影响。研究表明:1)放牧与禁牧情景下水源涵养服务产出率平均为25.27m3/hm2;2)SWAT模型能够较精确地模拟流域的水文过程,模型率定期和验证期的Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数分别达到0.81和0.88,R2分别为0.94和0.93,年平均径流量的相对误差分别为16.3%和15.6%。3)不同子流域内禁牧的机会成本存在差异,禁牧的平均机会成本为289.99元/hm2;4)不同补偿价格下新增草地禁牧比例及其提供的水源涵养服务的供给量不同。当所有子流域内的低质量草地全部禁牧后,1990-2000年间可提供水源涵养服务的总量为7.79×108m3,新增水源涵养服务量达到7.66×108m3。该文为生态补偿对象的空间选择与补偿标准的确定提供科学依据。
