Application on drilling parameter monitor in drilling engineering monitoring

The drilling parameter monitor is an important tool in drilling engineering applied to monitoring drilling process,carrying out scientific analysis and decision--making.Based on discussing the present development situation of the domestic and foreign drilling machine parameter monitors,the metering scheme for vehicle--loaded drilling parameter monitor was designed.By using detection system for MSP430 single--chip microcomputer(SCM) in combination with peripheral circuit such as sensors,the drilling--rig control system was obtained to detect,and for every parameter in real--time display in order to keep operating the drilling rig status.The experiment shows that the drilling parameter monitor reaches design requirements and can be applied to drilling engineering monitoring,which has characters such as simple structure,high credibility and low cost.

The safety parameters monitoring system for the coal mine based on CAN bus communication and intelligent data acquisition

In this paper,a monitoring and controlling system for the safety in production and environmental parameters of a small and medium-sized coal mine has been developed after analyzing the current domestic coal production and security conditions. The client computer can convert the analog signal about the safety in production and environmental parameters detected from the monitoring terminal into digital signal,and then,send the signal to the coal mine safety monitoring centre. This information can be analyzed,judged,and diagnosed by the monitoring-management-controlling software for helping the manager and technical workers to control the actual underground production and security situations. The system has many advantages including high reliability,better performance of real-time monitoring,faster data communicating and good practicability,and it can effectively prevent the occurrence of safety incidents in coal mines.

Disaster reduction stick equipment: A method for monitoring and early warning of pipeline-landslide hazards

Oil and gas pipelines are of great importance in China,and pipeline security problems pose a serious threat to society and the environment.Pipeline safety has therefore become an integral part of the entire national economy.Landslides are the most harmful type of pipeline accident,and have directed increasing public attention to safety issues.Although some useful results have been obtained in the investigation and prevention of pipeline-landslide hazards,there remains a need for effective monitoring and early warning methods,especially when the complexity of pipeline-landslides is considered.Because oil and gas pipeline-landslides typically occur in the superficial soil layers,monitoring instruments must be easy to install and must cause minimal disturbance to the surrounding soil and pipeline.To address the particular characteristics of pipelinelandslides,we developed a multi-parameter integrated monitoring system called disaster reduction stick equipment.In this paper,we detail this monitoring and early warning system for pipeline-landslide hazards based on an on-site monitoring network and early warning algorithms.The functionality of our system was verified by its successful application to the Chongqing Loujiazhuang pipeline-landslide in China.The results presented here provide guidelines for the monitoring,early warning,and prevention of pipeline geological hazards.

Influence of Vertical Eddy Diffusivity Parameterization on Daily and Monthly Mean Concentrations of O3 and NOy

Two parameterization schemes for vertical eddy diffusivity were utilized to investigate their impacts on both the daily and monthly mean concentrations of ozone and NOy, which are the major fractions of the sum of all reactive nitrogen species, i.e., NOy=NO＋NO2＋HNO3＋PAN. Simulations indicate that great changes in the vertical diffusivity usually occur within the planetary boundary layer （PBL）. Daily and monthly mean concentrations of NOy are much more sensitive to changes in the vertical diffusivity than those of ozone and ozone and NOy levels only at or in （relatively） clean sites and areas, where long-range transport plays a crucial role, display roughly equivalent sensitivity. The results strongly suggest that a widely-accepted parameterization scheme be selected and the refinement of the model＇s vertical resolution in the PBL be required, even for regional and long-term studies, and ozone only being examined in an effort to judge the model＇s performance be unreliable, and NOy be included for model evaluations.

Identification of Health and Welfare Parameters for Rabbit Production and Definition of an Evaluation Score

The knowledge on rabbit welfare may be improved by the use of correct tools for monitoring the different aspects of rabbit industrial farming. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define parameters related to health and welfare of animals in industrial farms with intensive husbandry. Health, management, environmental and productive parameters were firstly characterized and then a protocol to assess welfare of rabbits was define. The research was conducted on 8 industrial farms from 2004 to 2007 and around 30 inspections were done in each farm. At each visit, the health conditions were established by： （1） necropsy on animals of different productive category; （2） specific laboratory investigations based on the lesions observed; （3） checking the presence of parasites in environmental faecal samples; （4） bacteriological examination of vaginal, nasal and rectal swabs of rabbit of different age. The immune conditions and the efficacy of vaccinations were measured by determining anti-Myxomatosis and anti-Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease antibodies using competitive ELISAs, and anti-Encephalitozoon cunicoli antibodies by immunocarbonassay. The environmental conditions were evaluated by measuring air temperature, relative humidity, ammonia concentration and bacterial/fungal count. Finally the productive parameters were also recorded and elaborated. All the entered values were then utilized for defining a score system to establish health and welfare conditions.

面向参数化LTL的预测监控器构造技术

介绍了一种基于自动机理论的参数化LTL(parameterized LTL(linear temporal logic),简称PALTL)公式运行时预测监控器构造方法.一方面研究PALTL公式的语法、预测语义、赋值提取以及赋值绑定等重要概念,从语法层面保证公式中参数化变量的正确绑定(binding)和使用(using);另一方面给出参数化预测监控器的概念.它由静态和动态两部分组成,静态部分由参数化Büchi自动机表示,动态部分为当前状态处的变量赋值.在系统运行过程中,预测监控器基于静态部分的参数化Büchi自动机,以on-the-fly的方式在当前状态处动态地提取和绑定变量赋值,递进地验证当前程序运行是否满足指定的参数化性质规约.在该过程中,参数化监控器能够精确地识别被验证性质的最小好/坏前缀.

钢箱梁受弯屈曲的磁记忆参数表征

为了探究金属磁记忆检测技术对桥梁钢构件屈曲部位的损伤预测,采用金属磁记忆技术检测了Q345qC四点受弯波纹腹板钢箱梁表面的磁场强度法向分量H_(p)(y),提取磁表征量并对其与荷载之间的关系进行了分析。研究结果表明:金属磁记忆检测技术可用于对施工阶段桥梁钢构件表面的失稳监测,易屈曲位置可以通过磁表征量H_(con)的变化规律反映。研究分析认为,易屈曲位置的磁表征量H_(con)随荷载的变化呈现先上升,临近构件屈服时下降的规律。通过H_(con)变化的规律性可以判别易屈曲位置,通过H_(con)开始下降的时间可以对屈曲进行预警,防范灾害的发生。该研究为施工阶段钢结构的失稳监测提供了一种有效方法。

Measurement-while-drilling technique and its scope in design and prediction of rock blasting

With rampant growth and improvements in drilling technology, drilling of blast holes should no longer be viewed as an arduous sub-process in any mining or excavation process. Instead, it must be viewed as an important opportunity to quickly and accurately measure the geo-mechanical features of the rock mass on-site, much in advance of the downstream operations. It is well established that even the slightest variation in lithology, ground conditions, blast designs vis-a-vis geologic features and explosives performance, results in drastic changes in fragmentation results. Keeping in mind the importance of state-of-the-art measurement-while-drilling （MWD） technique, the current paper focuses on integrating this technique with the blasting operation in order to enhance the blasting designs and results. The paper presents a preliminary understanding of various blasting models, blastability and other related concepts, to review the state-of-the-art advancements and researches done in this area. In light of this, the paper highlights the future needs and implications on drill monitoring systems for improved information to enhnnrp th~ hl^tin~ r^HIt~

基于Web的参数化施工组织系统研究

根据铁路建设项目施工组织管理需要,设计了施工组织系统的总体思路与功能模块,获得了基于Web的参数化施工组织系统。在高铁建设项目的应用结果表明:该系统支持协同编制,有效缩短施工组织编制周期;形象直观展示施工进度,实现各个版本之间进度的分析与监控,可为后续工期调控提供决策依据。

Effects of 60-day bed rest with and without exercise on -ellular and humoral immunological parameters

Exercise at regular intervals is assumed to have a positive effect on immune functions. Conversely, after spaceflight and under simulated weightlessness （e.g., bed rest）, immune functions can be suppressed. We aimed to assess the effects of simulated weightlessness （Second Berlin BedRest Study; BBR2-2） on immunological parameters and to investigate the effect of exercise （resistive exercise with and without vibration） on these changes. Twenty-four physically and mentally healthy male volunteers （20-45 years） performed resistive vibration exercise （n= 7）, resistance exercise without vibration （n=8） or no exercise （n=9） within 60 days of bed rest. Blood samples were taken 2 days before bed rest, on days 19 and 60 of bed rest. Composition of immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines and neuroendocrine parameters were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA/RIA in plasma. General changes over time were identified by paired t-test, and exercise-dependent effects by pairwise repeated measurements （analysis of variance （ANOVA））. With all subjects pooled, the number of granulocytes, natural killer T cells, hematopoietic stem cells and CD45RA and CD25 co-expressing T cells increased and the number of monocytes decreased significantly during the study; the concentration of eotaxin decreased significantly. Different impacts of exercise were seen for lymphocytes, B cells, especially the IgD＋ subpopulation of B cells and the concentrations of IP-IO, RANTES and DHEA-S. We conclude that prolonged bed rest significantly impacts immune cell populations and cytokine concentrations. Exercise was able to specifically influence different immunological parameters. In summary, our data fit the hypothesis of immunoprotection by exercise and may point toward even superior effects by resistive vibration exercise.

自然电位法实时监测金属阳极氧化腐蚀实验研究

金属腐蚀是一种涉及氧化还原反应的自然过程,探测金属腐蚀情况有助于识别金属制品的潜在缺陷或间接圈定地下金属目标体.自然电位法是一种无损物探技术,基于自然电位信号与电化学梯度之间的直接联系,通过定性或定量解释自然电位数据可表征金属腐蚀相关特征.本研究基于多通道自然电位观测系统搭建室内沙箱实验平台,通过将铁-铜球体模型放置于自来水中以复现球形金属体的自然极化过程,并实时监测金属阳极氧化腐蚀产生的自然电位信号.实验结果表明自然电位的负、正偶极性分布特征与地电池模型的阴、阳极相对应,揭示了电化学半电池反应理论,并提供了地电池模型的可视化实验室证据.采用贝叶斯框架下的自适应马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛算法开展参数化反演以定量解释实验测量数据,获得了球体模型的几何参数和极化强度,突显出自然电位法在检测金属腐蚀的存在性和严重程度以及确定埋藏金属体的空间分布等应用中极具潜力.本研究为非侵入性探测地下金属管道、未爆弹、岩土工程中的金属结构、陆地金属矿产以及海底热液多金属硫化物矿床等埋藏金属性目标体提供了有价值的见解.

Water environment security indicator system for urban water management

Water environment security （WES） is defined in terms of three aspects： first, that it meets basic demands due to industrial and domestic usage; second, that it protects public health from acute and chronic threats; and third, that measures are adopted to ensure sustainable ecological functioning of freshwater resources. Limitations associated with current water environment security indicators in China -- including inefficiency in terms of environmental monitoring, inappropriate indicators and parameters that do not take sufficient account of local water characteristics, and a lack of management targets -- leads to a failure of effective water management. To achieve better water environment management, a systema- tic approach, encompassing several steps including estab- lish ideal indicator system and narrow down the scope, screen priority pollutants, identify local characteristics and organize discussion workshop, should be followed to establish a comprehensive water environment indicator system. A case study in Suzhou is included to demonstrate the detailed operational procedures used to assess the risks associated with poor management practices relating to water environment security as well as design an appro- priate water environment security indicator system.

Enhanced performance of triboelectric mechanical motion sensor via continuous charge supplement and adaptive signal processing

The development of automation industry is inseparable from the progress of sensing technology.As a promising self-powered sensing technology,the durability and stability of triboelectric sensor(TES)have always been inevitable challenges.Herein,a continuous charge supplement(CCS)strategy and an adaptive signal processing(ASP)method are proposed to improve the lifetime and robustness of TES.The CCS uses low friction brushes to increase the surface charge density of the dielectric,ensuring the reliability of sensing.A triboelectric mechanical motion sensor(TMMS)with CCS is designed,and its electrical signal is hardly attenuated after 1.5 million cycles after reasonable parameter optimization,which is unprecedented in linear TESs.After that,the dynamic characteristics of the CCS-TMMS are analyzed with error rates of less than 1%and 2%for displacement and velocity,respectively,and a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 35 dB.Also,the ASP used a signal conditioning circuit for impedance matching and analog-to-digital conversion to achieve a stable output of digital signals,while the integrated design and manufacture of each hardware module is achieved.Finally,an intelligent logistics transmission system(ILTS)capable of wirelessly monitoring multiple motion parameters is developed.This work is expected to contribute to automation industries such as smart factories and unmanned warehousing.

Research on intelligent judgment method of natural gas hydrate drilling risk

There are many emergency risks in the process of natural gas hydrate(NGH)drilling.In order to ensure the safe and efficient exploitation of NGH,it is urgent to establish an intelligent judgment method for the risks in the process of NGH drilling.In this paper,the response relationship between monitoring parameters and risk categories of NGH while drilling is established.Based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP),the comprehensive weights of 10 risk monitoring parameters are obtained,including gas production,wellbore instability,hydrate ice barrier,drill string fracture,sticking,bit balling,drilling tool piercement,gas seepage,seabed subsidence and seabed landslide.Besides,the comprehensive judgment weight matrix is constructed,and the reasonable fluctuation range of monitoring parameters is formed.Thus,the intelligent judgment method of NGH drilling risk is established.The intelligent judgment and alarm of NGH drilling risks can be realized quickly and accurately by this method,namely,it can monitor the risks in the process of operation and guarantee the construction safety of NGH drilling.